Disusun Oleh:
ANDIKA WIDIYATMOKO
DOMINIKUS DARIUS KOTA
FAJAR ADI NUGROHO
FADHIL FATURROCMAN
YOSSY PUTRI ASTA MURNI
iii
Penyusunan Laporan Akhir Praktikum Pengendalian dan
Penjaminan kualitas ini, penyusun menyadari bahwa masih
memiliki kekurangan. Kritik dan saran diperlukan untuk
membangun dalam penyempurnaan laporan ini.
Jakarta, 17 Desember
2012
Penyusun
iv
DAFTAR ISI
Halama
n
HALAMAN JUDUL
................................................................................ i
KATA PENGANTAR
............................................................................. iii
DAFTAR .........................................................................
ISI .................... v
DAFTAR TABEL
..................................................................................... viii
DAFTAR RUMUS
................................................................................... ix
DAFTAR GAMBAR
............................................................................... x
DAFTAR
LAMPIRAN..........................................................................
.. xii
FLOWCHART
Definisi
Flowchart ......................................................
7.1 ... VII-1
Tujuan dan Pedoman Membuat
7.2 Flowchart ............... VII-2
Jenis-jenis
7.3 Flowchart ..................................................... VII-3
VII
DAFTAR TABEL
Halama
n
Tabel 3.2 Langkah 1 Diagram
Pareto ................................................ III-4
Tabel 3.3 Langkah 2 Diagram
Pareto ................................................ III-4
Tabel 5.1 Distribusi
Frekuensi ............................................................ V-5
Tabel 6.1 Pengujian Tingkat
Kebisingan ........................................... VI-2
Tabel Pengujian Tingkat Kebisingan
6.1 (Lanjutan) ....................... VI-3
Tabel Simbol Flowchart
7.1 ANSI ....................................................... VII-6
Tabel Data Sample
8.1 Pulpen ............................................................ VIII-6
Tabel Hasil Perhitungan Peta
8.2 Kontrol ........................................ VIII-7
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Halama
n
Gambar Diagram Pareto Perhitungan
3.1 Manual ....................... III-5
Gambar Worksheet Pareto Diagram
3.2 ............................................. III-5
Gambar Input Data Pareto Diagram
3.3 ............................................ III-6
Gambar Stat-Quality Control-Pareto Chart
3.4 ................................. III-6
Gambar Kotak Dialog Pareto
3.5 Chart ............................................ III-6
Gambar Output Pareto Chart
3.6 ....................................................... III-7
Gambar Langkah 1 Diagram
4.1 Fishbone ....................................... IV-4
Gambar Langkah 2 Diagram
4.2 Fishbone ....................................... IV-4
Gambar Langkah 3 Diagram
4.3 Fishbone ....................................... IV-5
Gambar Worksheet Fishbone Diagram
4.4 ........................................ IV-5
Gambar Input Data Fishbone Diagram
4.5 ........................................ IV-6
Gambar Stat-Quality Control-Cause and Effect
4.6 ........................... IV-6
Gambar Kotak Dialog Cause and Effect
4.7 Diagram ...................... IV-6
Gambar Output Cause and Effect Diagram
4.8 ................................. IV-7
Gambar Histogram ......................................................
5.1 .................. V-5
Gambar Worksheet Histogram
5.2 ..................................................... V-6
Gambar Input Data Histogram
5.3 ..................................................... V-6
Graph –
Gambar Histogram......................................................
5.4 .... V-7
Gambar Kotak Dialog
5.5 Histogram ............................................... V-7
Gambar Kotak Dialog Histogram –
5.6 Simple ................................ V-7
Gambar Histogram of
5.7 Nilai .......................................................... V-8
Gambar Display Descriptive Statistics
5.8 ......................................... V-8
Gambar Kotak Dialog Display Descriptive
5.9 Statistics ................ V-8
Gambar Kotak Dialog Display Descriptive Statistics – Graphs
5.10 . V-10
x
Gambar Output Histogram (with Normal Curve) of
5.11 Nilai ......... V-10
Korelasi
Gambar Positif ............................................................
6.1 .. VI-2
Gambar Gejala Korelasi
6.2 Positif .................................................. VI-2
Tidak
Gambar Berkorelasi ....................................................
6.3 ...... VI-2
Gambar Gejala Korelasi
6.4 Negatif ................................................ VI-3
Korelasi
Gambar Negatif ..........................................................
6.5 .. VI-3
Gambar Scatter Diagram
6.6 .............................................................. VI-5
Gambar 6.7 Worksheet Scatter
Diagram ........................................... VI-6
Gambar Input Data Scatter Diagram
6.8 ........................................... VI-6
Gambar Scatterplot .....................................................
6.9 .................. VI-6
Gambar Kotak Dialog
6.10 Scatterplots ............................................. VI-7
Gambar Kotak Dialog Scatterplots
6.11 Simple ................................. VI-7
Gambar Output Scatterplots
6.12 ......................................................... VI-7
Gambar Block Diagram
7.1 ................................................................. VII-5
Gambar Functional Flowchart
7.2 ...................................................... VII-7
Gambar Geographic Flowchart
7.3 ..................................................... VII-8
Gambar Peta X Perhitungan
8.1 Manual ........................................ VIII-8
Gambar Peta R Perhitungan
8.2 Manual ........................................ VIII-8
Gambar 8.3 Worksheet Scatter Peta
Kontrol.................................... VIII-9
Gambar Input Data Peta VIII-
8.4 Kontrol ................................................ 10
Gambar Variables Charts for Subgroups VIII-
8.5 ...................................... 10
Gambar Kotak Dialog Xbar-R VIII-
8.6 Chart .......................................... 11
Gambar Xbar-R Chart VIII-
8.7 ................................................................... 11
xi
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Halaman
Lampiran Tabel Konstanta Peta Kontrol 3 .......................
1. Sigma L-1
Lembar
Lampiran Asistensi..........................................................
2. .. L-2
Biodata
Lampiran Praktikan ........................................................
3. .. L-3
XII
BAB I
DIAGRAM PARETO
Diagram Pareto
10
100 0
KumulatifPersentase (%)
80 80
60 60
Frekuensi (Unit)
40 40
20 20
0 0
Goresan
Retak Regangan Noda Celah Lubang
Pulpen
Jenis Kecacatan
3.5. Analisis
Berdasarkan perhitungan yang telah dilakukan baik secara
manual
IV-1
IV-2
1. Manusia (man).
2. Metode kerja (work method).
3. Mesin atau peralatan kerja lainnya (machine or equipment).
4. Bahan-bahan baku (raw).
5. Lingkungan kerja (work environment).
Cacat Pada
Pulpen PT. Faster
Cacat Pada
Pulpen PT. Faster
Lingkungan Metode
Cacat Pada
Pulpen PT. Faster
Tata Letak
Lingkungan Metode
4.5. Analisis
Berdasarkan perhitungan yang telah dilakukan baik secara
manual
VII-1
VII-2
Garis alir
Arah aliran program
(flow line)
3. Functional Flowchart
Contact Person
Security
Back Up Database
Maintenance
xi
i1 rata rata pengukuran untuk setiap kali ..
X observasi (8.1)
n
g
x
i
i1 garis pusat untuk peta pengendali rata- ..
X rata (8.2)
g
Keterangan:
BPA X X A2. R
BPB X X A2. R
D2
R
BPB R X 3D3
.…..………...…. (8.6)
..…………...…..
(8.7)
3 3
R
D3 D4 dan D3 D3
Karena R D3 dimana1 1- sehingga
D2 D2 D2
BPA R R. D4 dan BPB R R. D3 …...…………… (8.8)
VIII-5
USL - .........................
CP LSL (8.10)
6S
Kriteria penilaian:
a. Jika Cp > 1,33 maka kapabilitas proses sangat baik
b. Jika 1,00 ≤ Cp ≤ 1,33 maka kapabilitas proses baik,
namun perlu pengendalian ketat apabila Cp mendekati
1,00
c. Jika Cp < 1,00 maka kapailitas proses rendah, sehingga
perlu ditingkatkan performansinya melalui perbaikan
proses itu.
.........................
CPL X LSL (8.11)
3S
USL - .........................
CPU X (8.12)
3S
.........................
CPK Min CPL, CPU (8.13)
Kriteria penilaian:
a. Jika CPL > 1,33 berarti proses akan mampu memenuhi
LSL
b. Jika 1,00 < CPL < 1,33 berarti proses masih mampu
memenuhi LSL namun perlu pengendalian ketat apabila
CPL mendekati 1,00
c. Jika CPL < 1,00 berarti proses tidak mampu memenuhi
LSL
d. Jika CPU > 1,33 berarti proses akan mampu memenuhi
USL
VIII-6
e. Jika 1,00 < CPU < 1,33 berarti proses mampu memenuhi
USL tapi perlu pengendalian jika CPU mendekati 1,00
f. Jika CPU < 1,00 berarti proses tidak mampu memenuhi
USL
Peta X-bar
20 X-
bar
16
BPA
X-bar
12
8 BPB
4 CL
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Sample
Gambar 8.1 Peta X Perhitungan Manual
Peta R
8
7
6
Range
5 R
4 BPA
3
2 BPB
1
0 CL
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Sample
Gambar 8.2 Peta R Perhitungan
Manual
VIII-10
R 3.27
Simpangan baku S 1.41
d2 2.326
6. Menghitung kapabilitas proses
=
CL 15.8
= 15.8 + 1 =
USL 15.9
= 15.8 – 1 =
LSL 15.7
15.9 0.
CP USL - LSL 15.7 2 0.02
6S 6 1.41 8.46
15.88 0.1
CPL X LSL 15.7 8 0.04
3S 3 1.41 4.23
CPU 15.9 0.0
USL - X 15.88 2 0.005
4.2
3S 3 1.41 3
CPK Min CPL, CPU 0.005
8.5. Analisis
Berdasarkan perhitungan yang telah dilakukan baik secara
manual
Bird, D. dan Dale, B. 1994. The Misuse and Abuse of SPC : A Case
Study. International Journal of Vehicle Design.
Cawley, J. dan Harrold, D. 1999. SPC and SQC Provide The Big
Picture About Processing Performance. Control
Engineering.
L-1