Perhitungan Sistem Kemudi Kapal

Nama : Darma Tegar Hukama

NRP : 5019201080

1. Data Kapal

PRINCIPAL DIMENSION
LoA 136.807 m
LWL 130.913 m
LPP 127.1 m
B 16.575 m
T 7.455 m
H 10.980 m
L disp 129.007 m
V 15 knot
Tipe General Cargo
DWT 11000 tons
Endurance 9 Days
β Cm 0.983
δ Cb 0.697
ϕ Cp 0.708

- Calculation of LWL
𝐿𝑊𝐿 = 𝐿𝑃𝑃 + 3% 𝐿𝑃𝑃

- Calculation of L Displacement
1
𝐿 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝 = (𝐿𝑊𝐿 + 𝐿𝑃𝑃)
2
Sumber: Data kapal Desain 1
Main Engine: Wartsila 8V31 4880 kW
Sumber: Tahanan propulsi
2. Volume Displacement dan Berat Displacement
- Volume displacement
∇ = 𝐶𝑏 𝑥 𝐿 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝 𝑥 𝐵 𝑥 𝑇
∇ = 0.69 x 129.007 x 16.575 x 7.455
∇ = 11110.21 𝑚

- Berat displacement
∆ = 𝜌 (𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑡 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟) 𝑥 ∇
∆ = 1.025 𝑡𝑜𝑛⁄𝑚 𝑥 11110.21 𝑚
3. Perhitungan Luas Daun Kemudi
𝐿𝑃𝑃 𝐵
𝐴=𝑇𝑥 1 + 25 𝑚
100 𝐿
127.1 16.575
𝐴 = 7.455 𝑥 1 + 25
100 129.007
𝐴 = 9.475 𝑥 (1 + 25 𝑥 0.016)
𝐴 = 13.265 𝑚

4. Gaya yang bekerja pada rudder (CR)

Perhitungan menurut BKI Chapter 1 – Hull Construction .p.4-1.1996:

𝐶𝑟 = 𝑘1 . 𝑘2 . 𝑘3 . 39 . 𝐴 . 𝑉𝑜

- 𝐴 = 𝐿𝑢𝑎𝑠 𝑑𝑎𝑢𝑛 𝑘𝑒𝑚𝑢𝑑𝑖

𝐴 = 13.265 𝑚

- Vo = Kecepatan kapal maksimum yang diantisipasi pada draught maksimum dalam

kondisi calm water
𝑃
𝑉𝑜 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 11 𝑥 (𝑘𝑚⁄ℎ)
∇
𝑃 = 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛 − 𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑒 (𝑘𝑊)
∇ = 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
4880
𝑉𝑜 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 11 𝑥 (𝑘𝑚⁄ℎ)
11110.21
𝑉𝑜 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 23.541 𝑘𝑚⁄ℎ

- k1 = Faktor yang tergantung dari side ration luasan rudder

Λ+2
𝑘1 = (Λ 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑡𝑜 𝑚𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 2)
3
1.8 + 2
𝑘1 =
3
𝑘1 = 1.26

- k2 = Koefisien yang tergantung pada tipe rudder dan rudder profile

k2 = NACA-00 series gottinger profile

Ahead condition 1.1

Astern condition 0.8
Sumber: BKI Vol II, Tabel 14.1
- k3 = Koefisien yang tergantung dari lokasi rudder
k3 = 1 (rudder terletak di propeller wash)

- k4 = 1 (normal)
 𝐶𝑟 = 𝑘1 . 𝑘2 . 𝑘3 . 39 . 𝐴 . 𝑉𝑜
𝐶𝑟 = 1.26 𝑥 1.1 𝑥 1.0 𝑥 39 𝑥 23.541 𝑥 13.265
𝐶𝑟 = 223906.8

5. Momen torsional poros kemudi

𝑄𝑟 = 𝐶𝑟. 𝑟 (𝑁𝑚)

𝑟 = 𝑐(𝛼 − 𝑘𝑏) 𝑚
𝑐 = 𝑙𝑒𝑏𝑎𝑟 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑎 − 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑎 𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑖 𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑠𝑎𝑛 𝑟𝑢𝑑𝑑𝑒𝑟
𝑐 = 1.5
𝛼 = 0.33 𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑘 𝑎ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝛼 = 0.55 𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑘 𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑘𝑏 = 𝑓𝑎𝑘𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
𝐴𝑡
𝑘𝑏 = 1 = 1, 𝑛𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑖 𝐴𝑡 𝑑𝑎𝑛 𝐴 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑎
𝐴
𝑟 = 𝑐(𝛼 − 𝑘𝑏) 𝑚
𝑟 = 1.5(0.33 − 1) 𝑚
𝑟 = 1.005 𝑚

𝑄𝑟 = 𝐶𝑟. 𝑟 (𝑁𝑚)
𝑄𝑟 = 223906.8 𝑥 1.005
𝑄𝑟 = 225026.3 𝑁𝑚

6. Diameter rudder-stock untuk mentransmisikan momen torsi

Not less than : 𝐷𝑡 = 4.2
𝑄𝑟 = 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑜𝑠 𝑘𝑒𝑚𝑢𝑑𝑖
𝑄𝑟 = 225026.3 𝑁𝑚

𝐾𝑟 = 𝐹𝑎𝑘𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙
𝐾𝑟 = (235⁄𝑅𝑒𝐻 ) . 𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑘 𝑅𝑒𝐻 > 235 𝑁 ⁄𝑚𝑚
𝐾𝑟 = 235⁄𝑅𝑒𝐻 𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑘 𝑅𝑒𝐻 ≤ 235 𝑁⁄𝑚𝑚
𝐾𝑟 =1

𝑄𝑟
𝐷𝑡 = 4.2
𝐾𝑟

225026.3
𝐷𝑡 = 4.2
1
𝐷𝑡 = 255.4624
7. Daya pada poros kemudi
𝑄𝑟 . 2 . 𝛼 . 𝜋
𝑁𝑟𝑠 =
𝜏 . 180 . 75
Dimana
𝛼 = 𝑠𝑢𝑑𝑢𝑡 𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑟 𝑘𝑒𝑚𝑢𝑑𝑖 = 35°
𝜏 = 𝑤𝑎𝑘𝑡𝑢 𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑟 𝑘𝑒𝑚𝑢𝑑𝑖 = 28 𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝑄𝑟 . 2 . 𝛼 . 𝜋
𝑁𝑟𝑠 =
𝜏 . 180 . 75
225026.3 𝑥 2 𝑥 35 𝑥 3.14
𝑁𝑟𝑠 =
28 𝑥 180 𝑥 75
𝑁𝑟𝑠 = 130.848

8. Daya motor penggerak kemudi

𝑁𝑟𝑠
𝑁𝑚 =
𝜂𝑠𝑔
𝑁𝑟𝑠 = 130.848
𝜂𝑠𝑔 = 30%
130.848
𝑁𝑚 =
30%
𝑵𝒎 = 𝟒𝟑𝟔. 𝟏𝟔 𝒌𝑾