RUANG LINGKUP GEOLOGI

• Pengertian dan cara belajar geologi

• Ilmu-ilmu terkait dengan geologi
• Sistem dalam geologi
• Mengapa belajar geologi?

MODUL 1 - RUANG LINGKUP 1

GEOLOGI
Pengertian dan cara belajar geologi
• Geology is the study of the Earth as a whole, its origin,
structure, composition, and history (including the
development of life), and the nature of the processes
which have given rise to its present state.

Whitten, DGA and Brooks, JRV. 1977. The Penguin Dictionary of

Geology. Middlesex: Penguin Books. p. 204.

Pertanyaan:
• Cari definisi lain dari buku-buku geologi
berbahasa Inggris di Perpustakaan Pusat.
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GEOLOGI
Pengertian dan cara belajar geologi
• Mengikuti pendidikan kebumian
• Lokatama untuk belajar geologi:
– Perpustakaan termasuk internet
– Laboratorium (studio) dan museum geologi
– Lapangan
• Sebagaimana pembelajaran ilmu alam yang lain, dalam
menghadapi bahan atau fenomena geologi perlu
dilakukan:
– Observasi (pengamatan),
– Analisis, dan
– Sintesis

MODUL 1 - RUANG LINGKUP 3

GEOLOGI
Perhatikan
• Belum dikatakan belajar geologi sebelum ke
perpustakaan, laboratorium, dan lapangan
(survei)!
• Apakah FTM UPN “Veteran” Yogyakarta
memfasilitasi pembelajaran di 3 (tiga) lokatama
−termasuk museum− tersebut
MODUL 1 - RUANG LINGKUP di atas? 4
GEOLOGI
 RUANG LINGKUP GEOLOGI
• Pengertian dan cara belajar geologi
• Ilmu-ilmu terkait dengan geologi
• Sistem dalam geologi
• Mengapa belajar geologi?

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GEOLOGI
Ilmu-ilmu terkait

TEKNIK TEKNIK PERTANIAN

PERTAMBANGAN PANASBUMI DLL
TEKNOLOGI
TEKNIK TEKNIK INDUSTRI
PERMINYAKAN SIPIL PARIWISATA
GEOLOGI GEOARKEOLOGI
BAHAN GALIAN GEOLOGI
ILMU-ILMU PANASBUMI DLL
TERAPAN GEOLOGI GEOLOGI GEOLOGI
MINYAKBUMI TEKNIK PLANOLOGI LINGKUNGAN
METEOROLOGI PEDOLOGI
ILMU-ILMU
DASAR GEOLOGI
KEBUMIAN BIOLOGI
HIDROLOGI

STATISTIKA
ILMU-ILMU FISIKA KIMIA
DASAR
MATEMATIKA
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GEOLOGI
Ilmu-ilmu antara

GEOFISIKA FISIKA
GEOKIMIA KIMIA
GEOSTATISTIKA STATISTIKA
GEOLOGI GEOHIDROLOGI HIDROLOGI
PALEONTOLOGI BIOLOGI
GEOWISATA PARIWISATA
GEOARKEOLOGI ARKEOLOGI
DLL

Pertanyaan:
• Mengapa muncul ilmu-ilmu antara?
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GEOLOGI
Cabang-cabang geologi
GEOLOGI
GEOMORFOLOGI
PALEONTOLOGI
MINERALOGI GEOLOGI
STRUKTUR
STRATIGRAFI PETROLOGI TEKTONIKA
VOLKANOLOGI

GEOLOGI
SEJARAH

SPELEOLOGI LIMNOLOGI SEDIMENTOLOGI DLL

Pertanyaan:
• Mengapa banyak cabang-cabang
MODUL 1 - RUANG LINGKUP
GEOLOGI
geologi? 8
 RUANG LINGKUP GEOLOGI
• Pengertian dan cara belajar geologi
• Ilmu-ilmu terkait
• Sistem dalam geologi
• Mengapa belajar geologi?

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GEOLOGI
GEOSPHERE

Initially, … it was an homogenous material

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GEOLOGI
GEOSPHERE
ATMOSPHERE

BIOSPHERE

HYDROSPHERE SOLID EARTH

Diversifications …
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GEOLOGI
GEOSPHERE
Dynamic equilibrium

ATMOSPHERE

BIOSPHERE

HIDROSPHERE MODUL 1 - RUANG LINGKUP SOLID EARTH 12

GEOLOGI (LITHOSPHERE TO CORE)
 RUANG LINGKUP GEOLOGI
• Pengertian dan cara belajar geologi
• Ilmu-ilmu terkait
• Sistem dalam geologi
• Mengapa belajar geologi?

MODUL 1 - RUANG LINGKUP 13

GEOLOGI
Why Study Geology?
Because geology is all around us.
• 1. Geological Resources
• 2. “The Environment” Environmental
• 3. Geological Hazards Geology
(Changes posing risks)
• 4. Engineering
• 5. Landforms and Surface Processes
• 6. Historical Geology
Geology forms the basis of our great civilizations
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GEOLOGI
 Why Study Geology?
1. Geological Resources
– The Cradle of
Civilization (Fertile
Crescent)
– Development limited
by availability, e.g.,
soil, water, energy
– Conflicts based on
resources, e.g., http://encarta.msn.com/
water, minerals, oil…
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GEOLOGI
The Cradle of Civilization
Sprung from geology of the region

Tigris River, Iraq

http://encarta.msn.com/
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GEOLOGI
 Misuse of Resources
2. The Environment
These Maps illustrate the
Fertile Crescent in 1973 (top)
and 2000 (bottom).
Permanent marshlands,
pictured in green, have shrunk
90 percent in that period.

Illustration courtesy United Nations

Environment Program
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GEOLOGI
 Misuse of Geologic Resources
Desiccation of the Aral Sea, Kazakhstan
2. The Environment

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http://www.grida.no/aral/aralsea/english/arsea/arsea.htm
GEOLOGI
Overuse of Geologic Resources
2. The Environment (Geology in the News)
• 1.7 billion are joining the consumer class
and the environment won’t sustain this
standard of living (Worldwatch Institute
2004)

• Emissions of Greenhouse gasses is

accelerating global warming

• Climate change is accelerating melting of

glaciers and driving mass extinctions
(The Centre of Biodiversity and Conservation,
Leeds University, UK)
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GEOLOGI
 http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003
Geology in the News San Andreas Fault

3. Geologic Hazards
• Two die in 6.5
magnitude
Earthquake near
San Lois Obispo
California
• Earthquake triggers
mudslides
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GEOLOGI
Assessing Risk
“Major Quake Likely to
Strike San Francisco
Bay Region Between
2003 and 2032”

3. Geologic Hazards
• Assessing Risks
• Avoiding Risks
• Preventing
Damage
• Predicting Impact
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http://quake.wr.usgs.gov/research/seismology/wg02/
GEOLOGI
Earthquake Photos
from AP
Bam, Iran
• A Magnitude 6.5
Earthquake hits a
stone- and mud-
house city of
100,000 in Iran 12-
26-03
– 30,000 Dead
– 30,000 Refugees
• US sends aid and
releases sanctions
• Relations improved
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GEOLOGI
 3. Geological Hazards
Volcanoes

Landslides

Earthquakes

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GEOLOGI
 4. Geology in Engineering
Slope Failure Risk Assessment and Control

To prevent slope failure engineers must understand the

geology that forms and controls the slope
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GEOLOGI
 Geology in Engineering

The Leaning Tower Straightens Up

In Pisa the tilted one is back in
business after an 11-year effort
to keep it from collapsing
Committee member John
Burland, an engineer,
promoted soil extraction as the
best way to save the tower.

Engineers use knowledge of

geology to design, protect
and correct structures www.smithsonianmag.si.edu25
MODUL 1 - RUANG LINGKUP
GEOLOGI
5. Landforms and Surface Processes
H.C. Berann (1915-1999)
Yosemite National Park, 1987
• Glaciers
• Mass Wasting
• Streams

• Shorelines
• Deserts
• Groundwater
http://www.berann.com
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GEOLOGI
 Sub Disciplines
Areas of Study Which Rely on Geology

• Environmental Geology
– Environmental Sciences: how we influence
the earth
– Geologic Hazards: how geology influences us
• Engineering Geology
– Geologic Materials
– Foundations
– Geotechnical engineering
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GEOLOGI
 Sub Disciplines (cont.)
• Geological Resources
– Locating and characterizing amounts and quality
– Extracting and
– Understanding environmental effects of
extraction and use (misuse, overuse) of
resources
• Historical Geology
– Deciphering Earth History and
– Evolution of life
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GEOLOGI
Dengan demikian geologi digunakan dimana saja?
• …
• …
• …
• … MODUL 1 - RUANG LINGKUP
GEOLOGI
29
I WONDER
• There are many diversifications in the
world, but they have been being maintained
in a single magnificent system and under
dynamic equilibrium.
Bambang Prastistho

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GEOLOGI