SOIL GEOGRAPHY AND

SOIL SCIENCE
PROF Dr. Suratman
Worosuprojo, M.Sc

4/2/2023 1
SAVE OUR SOIL FOR
FUTURE GENERATION
• SALAM
GEOGRAFI
NKRI
DI DADAKU
Salamat PAGI (GOOD
MORNING) GEOGRAFI

SALAM
ENTREPREUNER
AND INNOVATION
 Salam geografi

Save our earth

Save our soils

AGUSTUS 2017
MENGAPA TANAH PENTING (WHY
IS SOIL SCIENCE IMPORTANT ?)
 MANUSIA MEMBUTUHKAN SUMBERDAYA VITAL
UNTUK HIDUP (VITAL RESOURCES FOR PEOPLE)

 1. UDARA (AIR)
 2.AIR (WATER)

 3.TANAH (SOIL)

 3 JENIS SUMBERDAYA DIBUTUHKAN OLEH

TUMBUHAN DAN HEWAN JUGA (RESOURCES
FOR PLAN AND ANIMAL)

AGUSTUS 2019
GEOGRAPHY SCIENCE
 GEOGRAFI
FISIK/LINGKUNGAN(PHYSICAL/
ENVIRONMENT GEOGRAPHY)
 GEOGRAFI MANUSIA (HUMAN

GEOGRAPHY)
 GEOGRAFI REGIONAL

(REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY)
 REMOTE SENSING & GIS

 SPATIAL SCIENCE DAN

GEOSCIENCE
AGUSTUS 2018
 ABOUT GEOSPHER
 ATMOSPHER
 LITHOSPHER

 PEDOSPHER
 HIDROSPHER
 BIOSPHER

 ANTROPOSPHER

 SOIL SCIENCE DEALING WITH

PEDOSPHER
AGUSTUS 2018
ASPEK GEOGRAFI TENTANG TANAH
(SOIL AND GEOGRAPHY)
 TANAH BAGIAN DARI GEOSFER SEBAGAI
PEDOSFER (SOIL IS A PART OF
GEOSPHER)
 TANAH SEBAGAI BAGIAN EKOSISTEM DAN
LINGKUNGAN (SOIL IS A PART OF
ECOSYSTEM)
 TANAH SEBAGAI BAHAN MINERAL
/REKAYASA (SOIL AS A MINERALS)
 TANAH SEBAGAI MEDIA HIDUP MAKHLUK(
SOIL IS A MEDIA FOR LIVING)

AGUSTUS 2019
SOIL SCIENCE
 SOIL SCIENCE IS THE STUDY OF
SOIL AS A NATURAL RESOURCES ON
THE SURFACE OF THE EARTH
INCLUDING SOIL INFORMATION
,CLASSIFICATION,AND MAPPING :
PHYSICAL,CHEMICAL.BIOLOGICAL,
AND FERTILITY PROPERTIES IN
RELATION TO USE AND
MANAGEMENT OF SOIL

Monday, July 24, 2006

 Introduction
Tanah (pedosfer) adalah
lapisan terluar kulit bumi yang
berupa daratan, merupakan
tubuh alam bersifat lepas-
lepas, hasil transformasi
mineral dan bahan organik
oleh pengaruh faktor-faktor
lingkungan (iklim, organisme,
batuan, topografi) berlangsung
dalam jangka waktu yang lama
AGUSTUS 2018
 Landscape Zone and natural resources DIY

Fluvio volcanic processes

Wave & coastal current

Indian Ocean
VERTICAL CROSS
SECTION

SOIL PROFILE

AGUSTUS 2018
 SOIL PEDON (3D)
VERTICAL CROSS
SECTION

AGUSTUS 2018
 SOIL POLYPEDON
SOIL-FORMING FACTORS

SOIL = f (C, T, P, O, Tm)

C = CLIMATE
T = TOPOGRAPHY
P = PARRENT MATERIAL
(Bahan Induk)
O = Organism
Tm = TIME

AGUSTUS 2018
SOIL PROFILE AND HORIZONS
 SOIL AND OTHER SCIENCES

Geologi
(GEOLOGY)

Agro
Environment
nomy
SOIL

Enginering Industry
SOCIAL,E
CONOMY
AND
CULTURE
Pangan kita ditentukan oleh tanah
setebal 30 cm (LIVING LAYER)
Lapisan hidup dominan adalah
tanah
Tanah sumberdaya vital bersama
air dan udara
Tanah mudah rusak oleh bencana
Critical review
SOIL GEOGRAPHY FOR LIVING
1.RESOURCES (Manusia, Hewan &
Tumbuhan)
2.MINING, Bahan baku Industri
3.VALUE >> Ekonomi,Sosial Budaya, Adat
istiadat,
4. Enginering VALUE
5.A PART OF Lahan, Lingkungan dan
Geosfer
6 SOIL DEGRADATION ,Pencemaran dan
kerusakan
7 SOIL Sistem yang Dinamis
 SOIL ASPECS
SOIL CLASSIFICATION
Kimia tanah (SOIL CHEMICAL
SOIL MECANICS
SOIL BIOLOGY)
SOIL MICROMORPHOLOGY)
SOIL SURVEY AND MAPPING
SOIL EROSION AND MASSMOVEMENT)
LAND EVALUATION)
 SOIL GEOGRAPHY
• Soil geography IS A PART OF soil
science
• SOIL GEOGRPHY DEVELOPED IN
19 CENTURY IN Rusia BY
DOKUCHAEV >>>>> SISTEM SOIL
ZONE
 SOIL GEOGRAPHY
FOCUS ON SOIL STUDY FROM
BIOCLIMATIC , GEOMORFOLOGI
>>> ZONA SOIL GEOGRAPHIC
PROVINCES (SOIL PATTERN
&DISTRIBUTION )
ZONA HORIZONTAL DAN VERTIKAL
 GEOGRAFI TANAH EVOLUSI
INOVASI SOIL SCIENCE

• SOIL ZONE MERUPAKAN EVOLUSI

THEORY (DOKUCHAEV) YANG
BERKEMBANG DAN MENYOKONG
PERKEMBANGAN ILMU TANAH DI ERA
ABAD 19
• THEORY SOIL ZONE BERJASA DALAM
APLIKASI REMOTE SENSING & GIS FOR
SOIL SURVEY
 SOIL AND LANSCAPE
DENGAN TEORI SOIL ZONE
BERARTI LANDSCAPE APPROACH
DAPAT MERUPAKAN PENDEKATAN
DALAM MENGKAJI KETERKAITAN
LANDFORM>> SOIL >> LAND
RESOURCES
MODUL KE 2 SOIL FORMATION
 SOIL-FORMING FACTORS

SOIL = f (C, T, P, O, Tm)

C = CLIMATE
T = TOPOGRAPHY
P = PARRENT MATERIAL (Bahan Induk)
O = Organism
Tm = TIME
 SOIL FORMATION (TRANSLOCATION,
TRANSFORMATION, ADDITION & LOSSES)
SOIL AS A PART OF LANDSYSTEM >>>
POTENTIAL TO MASSMOVMENT
 SOIL FORMATION
 BASIC PROCESSES
 1,SOIL PHYSICAL PROCESSES

 2.SOIL CHEMICAL PROCESSES

 3.BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN

SOILS

 SOIL PROFILE DEVELOPMENT

HOW TO STUDY ABOUT SOIL

PROFILE DEVELOPMENT !
AGUSTUS 2018
 Unsur iklim (CLIMATE)

 HUJAN (RAINFALL)
 SUHU/TEMPERATURE

 KELEMBABAN (HUMIDITY)

 RADIASI (RADIATION)

 ANGIN (WIND)

 FLUKTUASI SUHU

 TIPE IKLIM (CLIMATE TYPE)

 IMPACT OF CLIMATE

 1. WEATHERING. (PADA PELAPUKAN BATUAN

DAN TANAH )
 2. LEACHING (PERLINDIAN /PENCUCIAN
 OKSIDASI )
 3. VEGETATION (VEGETASI/ TANAMAN
 4. SOIL ANIMAL (KEHIDUPAN HEWAN TANAH
 5 HUMIFICATION (HUMIFIKASI
 7. EVAPOTRANSPIRATION
 8. SOIL DEVELOPMENT (PERKEMBANGAN
TANAH
 8. SOIL DEGRADATION (TANAH,EROSI
,LONGSOR
 Apa pengaruh hujan
(RAINFALL IMPACT)
 Hujan .... Dapat membasahi tanah dan
menyebabkan erosi dan longsosr tanah ... Berarti
ada erosi dan deposisi yang mempengarui
perkembangan profil tanah

 Lanjutkan Uraikan pengaruh hujan ... Pada tanah

EROSION, FLOODING, SEDIMENTATION, LANDSLIDE

SOIL PROFILE DEVELOPMENT
Monday, July 24, 2006
 Apa pengaruh sinar (
RADIATION IMPACT)
 Sinar matahari .... Mempengaruhi suhu tanah siang
dan malam dan Berarti pelapukan fisik mineral dan
evaporasi yang mempengarui perkembangan profil
tanah

 Lanjutkan Uraikan pengaruh einar matahari ... Pada

tanah

SOIL TEMPERATURE ,MINERAL WEATHERING ,SOIL

PROFILE DEVELOPMENT

Monday, July 24, 2006

PENGARUH PADA PELAPUKAN
BATUAN/TANAH (WEATHERING)
 PELAPUKAN FISIK DAN MEKANIK PADA KONDISI
KERING, PANAS , KURANG HUJAN,TERBUKA
 PELAPUKAN KHEMIS PADA KONDISI
LEMBAB,PANAS ,TERTUTUP OLEH
VEGETASI,TOPOGRAFI LEMBAH
 PELAPUKAN BIOLOGIS PADA KONDISI VEGETASI
HUTAN,LEMBAB ,BASAH ,PANAS

PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL
WEATHERING, BIOLOGICAL
WEATHERING , SOILPROFILE
Monday, July 24, 2006
 HASIL PELAPUKAN (
WEATHERING
PRODUCT)
 PELAPUKAN FISIKAL BATUAN INTENSIF TERJADI
PADA KONDISI EKSTRIM FLUKTUATIF SUHU,
PANAS YG EKSTRIM DAN LAMA, SANGAT
KERING DAN SEDIKIT HUJAN, SERTA LAHAN TAK
BERVEGETASI

 HASILNYA HANCURAN BATUAN FRAKMENTASI ..

REGOLIT BATUAN,PEMBENTUKAN TANAH
LAMBAT

REGOLITH FORMATION , SOIL HORIZON DEVELOPMENT

Monday, July 24, 2006
 HASIL PELAPUKAN
(WEATHERING
PRODUCT)
PELAPUKAN KHEMIS INTENSIF DI DAERAH HUMID
TROPIK/ WET TROPICAL CLIMATE PADA KONDISI
KELEMBABAN TINGGI, SANGAT PANAS, HUJAN
TINGGI, PADAT TERTUTUP VEGETASI

MENGHASILKAN WELL DECOMPOSED

,MEMBENTUK DEEP AND RED SOIL
PEMBENTUKAN TANAH BERJALAN CEPAT

TROPICAL CLIMATE >>> WELL DEVELOPED SOIL ,DEEP

SOIL
ARID CLIMATE >> SLOW DEVELOPED SOIL PROCESSES
Monday, July 24, 2006
HASIL PELAPUKAN (WEATHERING
PRODUCT )
 PELAPUKAN BIOLOGIS INTENSIF PADA KONDISI
VEGETASI LEBAT DAN ORGANISME TANAH
OPTIMAL PADA KELEMBABAN TINGGI,HUJAN
DAN PANAS SEPERTI DI HUMID TROPIK

MENGHASILKAN DEEP ORGANIK SOIL

,HUMIFIKASI,SERESAH TEBAL,TANAH ANDIK DI
VOLKANIC ASH

TROPICAL FOREST >>> FERTILE SOIL DEVELOPMENT

Monday, July 24, 2006
 CLIMATE AND SOIL

Monday, July 24, 2006

 SEBARAN TANAH OLEH
PENGARUH IKLIM
 CLIMOSEQUENCE SOIL

 TROPICAL SOILS
 ARID SOILS
 TEMPERATE SOIL

 PELAJARI PENGARUH IKLIM PADA

PEMBENTUKAN TANAH

Monday, July 24, 2006

 Soil and topography

 Topogroaphy : form of
earth surface >>> elevasi ,
contour

 Literature : Landform and

soil by Gerrad
 TOPOGRAPHY AND SOIL

Monday, July 24, 2006

 ASPEC OF
TOPOGRAPHY

 ELEVATION
 DIFFERENT ELEVATION

 RELIEF

 SLOPE

 TYPE OF TOPOGRAPHY

 PATTERN OF TOPOGRAPHY
Figure Example of profile across terrain divided into morphological types of landform
element
Pola Spasial Landscape Gorontalo
Pola Spasial Landscape Padang
 Fluvio volcanic processes

Wave & coastal current

Indian Ocean
 TOPOGRAPHY AND SOILS

Topography has a strong

influence on soil development.
Soils on the side of hills tend to be
shallow, due to erosional losses.
Soils on the tops of hills tend to be
deep, but lighter in color, due to
downward leaching losses. Soils in
the valleys tend to be deeper,
darker, and contain more horizons
Effect TOPOGRAPHY TO SOIL
DEVELOPMENT
• Terbentuknya >>>TRANCATED SOIL
PROFILE
• TERBENTUKNYA >>>BURRIED SOIL
PROFILE
• MEMPENGARUHI PERSEBARAN SERI
TANAH >>>(CATENA , SOIL
TOPOSEQUENCE)
• DISASTER. DEGRADATION >>>
LONGSOR, EROSION
• BERPENGARUH PADA PROSES DAN
SIFAT TANAH (SOIL PROCESSES AND
DEVELOPMENT)
TOPOSEQUENCE SOIL
PROFILE
TOPOGRAPHY AND SOILS
 TRUNCATED SOIL PROFILE
• When a virgin soil is put under
cultivation, the upper horizons
become the furrow slice.
Cultivation destroys the original
layered condition of this portion of
the profile and the furrow slice
becomes more or less
homogenous. Many
times, serious erosion produces
a truncated profile.
TRUNCATED SOILPROFILE
TRUNCATED AND BURRIED SOIL

STEEP TRANCATED
SLOPE
TRANSITIONAL
SLOPE

BURRIED
 PENYEBAB TERJADINYA
TRUNCATED SOIL PROFILE

•BY EROSION >>

SANGAT AKTIF
•BY EXCAVATION
•CUT AND FILL
 TRANCATED SOIL FEATURES
• DI INDONESIA .. CLIMATE AND
TOPOGRAPHY , HUMAN ACTIVITIES AND
DEVELOPMENT IMPACT TO >>
TRANCATED SOILS
• CIRINYA : DISTURB SOIL HORIZON
CHANGE SOIL PROFILE , LOSS TOP SOILS
• SOLUM >>> SOIL DEGRADATION ... LOSS
SOIL PRODUCTIVITY, SOIL PERMEABILITY
,INFLTRATION
 BURRIED SOIL FEATURES
• DI INDONESIA .. FAKTOR IKLIM DAN
TOPOGRAFI SERTA PENGARUH MANUSIA
DAN PEMBANGUNAN >> BURRIED SOIL
BANYAK TERJADI
• CIRINYA : SOLUM TANAH TEBAL ,ADA
PENAMBAHAN LAPISAN TANAH YANG
MENGUBUR SOLUM TANAH ASLINYA .
• TANAHNYA MENJADI SUBUR HASIL DEPOSISI
DAN ATAU PENGURUKAN OLEH AKATIVITAS
MANUSIA DAN PEMBANGUNAN.
BURIED SOIL PROFILE
SOL EROSION, KANDSLIDE IN KALIREJO,
KARANGGAYAM, KEBUMEN
 PARENT MATERIAL AND SOIL

Monday, July 24, 2006

 PENGARUH BAHAN INDUK
How does parent material affect soil
profile?
The parent material of a
soil determines the original supply
of those nutrient elements that are
released by weathering and
influences the balance between
nutrient loss and retention. Organic
acids and exudates produced by
microorganisms and plants enhance
the weathering of minerals and the
release of nutrients
PARENT MATERIAL AND SOILS
Bahan induk tanah (parent material )
1. Volcanic materials
2. Limestone
3. Alluvium
4. Metamorphic rock
5. Sedimentary rock

6. impact to weathering adnd soil

development , soil
properties,soil type
7.
Bahan induk tanah (parent material )
1.Volcanic
materials
2.On volcanic
landscape >>>
develop volcanic
soil
Monday, July 24, 2006
Bahan induk tanah (parent material )
1. Limestone materials
2. On solutional
landscape >>>
develop lime soil
Bahan induk tanah (parent material )

alluvium materials
On fluvial
landscape >>>
develop alluvial soil
1.
Bahan induk tanah (parent material )
Colluvium materials
1. On footslope

landscape >>>
develop burried
colluvium soil
Bahan induk tanah (parent material)
Mineral of rock
Lapuk (weathered)
Sifat fisik bahan mineral
(physical)
Sifat khemis
batuan/mineral
(chemical)
ORGANISM, TIME AND SOIL

Monday, July 24, 2006

Monday, July 24, 2006
PROCESS

Monday, July 24, 2006

 EVOLUTION OF SOIL
SOIL AND ENVIRONMENT

Monday, July 24, 2006

 MORNING TEST
1.What is soil catena?
Please explain with
figure
Next lecture
Berbagai proses pembentukan tanah
 Humifikasi >> proses terjadinya humus
 Eluviasi>> proses perlindian profil
tanah
 Iluviasi>> pengendapan dalam profil T
 Salinisasi>> proses penggaraman
 kalsifikasi/dekalsifikasi >>
 Podsolisasi
 Feroginisasi >> reaksi kimia Ferro (Fe)
 Melanisasi (soil colouring kelam)
 Reduksi (kondi tanah terreduksi )
 Oksidasi (kondisi tanah teroksidasi)
Rajin belajar
 Cari proses yg lain
 Humification
Humification is a process of
formation of humic substances
(organic matter that has reached
maturity) decomposed from plant
remains.

Monday, July 24, 2006

Humification
Beda illuviation and Elluviation
 Kalsifikasi

Calcification occurs in areas

where grass vegetation
predominates. Grasses return
basic materials, such as calcium
and magnesium to the upper soil
layers, thereby maintaining a
non-acid, nutrient-rich
environment. In addition, fine
clay particles do not leach into
 Podsolisasi
Podzolization is a dominant
soil forming process, with
organic acids leaching iron
(Fe) and Al from surficial
mineral soil layers (eluviation)
and depositing them as
organic Fe and Al complexes
in lower mineral soil layers
(illuviation).
 Salinisasi
Salinisation is the process that leads
to an excessive increase of water-
soluble salts in the soil. The
accumulated salts include sodium,
potassium, magnesium and calcium,
SALINISATION is the accumulation
of soluble salts of sodium,
magnesium and calcium in soil to
the extent that soil fertility is
severely reduced.
Tanah salin (bergaram)
 Oksidasi and reduksi

Soil Oxidation-Reduction. A
chain of reactions is initiated
upon soil flooding leading to
reduced (low) soil redox
potential (Eh, mV) conditions.
These reactions include
physical, chemical and
biological processes that have
significant implications for
Indikator reduksi dalam tanah
 Laterisasi tanah

Laterization is a prolonged
process of chemical weathering
of rocks leading to the formation
of soil. It produces a variation in
the thickness, grade, chemistry
and ore mineralogy of the rock
creating soil particles. Thus the
correct answer is option C.
Profil tanah oleh laterization
PROCESS OF
ELUVIATION

Creative
 Proses Pembentukan
Tanah
 Kembang dan kerut
tanah (swelling and
shringking)
 Pragifan

 Soil crusting

 Soil pocket

 Soil degradation

 Soil compaction

 Burried soil
Innovation
learning  Soil deposition
 Soil crusting

Crusting occurs when a heavy rain

strikes an unprotected soil surface,
breaks down the aggregates, and turns
the top layer of soil into a uniform
surface seal. This surface crust can be
strong enough to inhibit water
infiltration, seed emergence and can
Monday, July 24, 2006

lead to increased erosion.

 Kompaksi tanah

Soil compaction is the

squeezing of together of soil
particles, reducing the space
available for air and water.
Compaction increases the
density of the soil, which
hampers infiltration of water, soil
air movement, seedling
emergence, root growth and
ultimately reducing yield
 Soil
Compacti
on
 Kembang kerut tanah
Shrinking and swelling soils
Shrink–swell is the volume
change that occurs as a result of
changes in the moisture content
of clay-rich soils. Swelling
pressures can cause heave, or
lifting of structures, whilst
shrinkage can cause settlement
or subsidence, which may be
differential
 Kembang kerut tanah
(sweling and shrinking )
 Fragipan

Fragipans are dense

subsurface soil layers that
severely restrict water flow
and root penetration. They
are considered a pedogenic
horizon, but their exact
genesis is not well
understood
Fragipan layer
It is a simple, lightweight, handheld
device made for instant estimates of
the unconfined compressive strength
of cohesive soils.

Soil
pocket
PROCESS OF
ELUVIATION

Creative
 TEMA PENELITIAN
TANAH
 SURVEI DAN PEMETAAN TANAH
 KESUBURAN TANAH
 MEKANIKA DAN KETEKNIKAN
 DEGRADASI PENCEMARAN
TANAH
 EVALUASI LAHAN PERTANIAN
DAN NON PERTANIAN
 KONSERVASI DAN
REHABILITASI TANAH
 LAHAN KRITIS KERUSAKAN
TANAH
sociopre
neurship
 KARAKTERISTIK TANAH
• MORFOLOGI PROFIL TANAH
LAPISAN,SOLUM.SIFAT
FISIS DAN KHEMIS.
PEMBENTUK TANAH
• SIFAT FISIK :
TEKSTUR.STRUKTUR,KONSI
STENSI.POROSITAS,BERAT
JENIS DAN VOLUME.KADAR
AIR, DAYADUKUNG TANAH.
• SIFAT KHEMIS:
pH. UNSUR HARA.KPK,KB
.DHL,KAPUR,ORGANIK
 PENGUMPULAN DATA
TANAH
• MELALUI PENERAPAN REMOTE
SENSING>> ANALISIS CITRA
• PENGUKURAN DI LAPANGAN
MELALUI : PROFIL TANAH.
MINIPIT. BOR TANAH
• ANALISA DI LABORATORIUM:
ANALISIS MIKROMORFOLOGI
TANAH,FISIK DAN KHEMIS
TANAH, BIOLOGIS TANAH
 DATA TANAH PENTING
UNTUK SURVEI
GEOGRAFI
•PEMETAAN TANAH
DAN KLASIFIKASI
TANAH
•EVALUASI LAHAN
(KEPAMPUAN LAHAN
DAN KESESUAIAN
LAHAN
•EROSI & BENCANA
 PENTINGNYA
ANALISIS TANAH:
• PENGGUNAAN ANALISIS SIFAT TANAH
1,UNTUK KAJIAN PERTANIAN
2.UNTUK KAJIAN LINGKUNGAN
3.UNTUK KAJIAN INDUSTRI
4.UNTUK KAJIAN BENCANA
5.UNTUK KAJIAN KETEKNIKAN
6. UNTUK KAJIAN ARKEOLOGI
7. UNTUK KAJIAN TAMBANG
ALAT DAN BAHAN SURVEI
TANAH
• SOIL TOOLS MELIPUTI BOR
TANAH,SKOP,KOMPAS,
ABNEYLEVEL,PISAU
TANAH.GPS, SAMPLER
TANAH
• SOIL TEST KIT MELIPUTI
BUKU MUNSELL, ALAT UJI
SIFAT KHEMIS DAN FISIK
TANAH,
• PETA TOPOGRAFI,
CITRA/FOTOUDARA
ALAT
 Munsell soil
color chart

Analisa warna tanah

Di lapangan
Profil
Tanah
 SAMPLING TANAH
• SAMPEL DISTRUB/TERGANGGU
(contoh: tekstur, pH, BO, KTK,
Mn, Ca, Mg, N Total, phospor,
Fe, Al, Na, SO4)
• SAMPEL UNDISTRUB/TAK
TERGANGGU
(contoh: Sampel Permeabilitas
tanah, struktur tanah, indeks
cole)
Metode Pengambilan Sampel
 SYSTEMATIC
SOIL SAMPLING
Sampel berdasar Peta Tanah
Sampel Acak (Random)
ANALISIS
TANAH

• Analisis Sifat
Fisika Tanah
• Analisis Sifat
Kimia Tanah
SOIL COMPONETS
 INORGANIC
MATERIALS
(45%)
 PORE SPACE
(50%)
 ORGANIC
MATTER (5%)

Monday, July 24, 2006

 SOIL-TEXTURE

Monday, July 24, 2006

SOIL PARTICLE SIZES

Monday, July 24, 2006

The Seven Type Of
SOIL STRUCTURE

Monday, July 24, 2006

COMPARATIVE SIZES OF
SAND, SILT, AND CLAY

Monday, July 24, 2006

pH Scale

Monday, July 24, 2006

BELAJAR TANAH ANALISIS
KORELATIF
 ANALISIS KORELASI IKLIM
DENGAN TANAH
 ANALISIS KORELASI BAHAN
INDUK DENGAN TANAH
 ANALISIS KORELASI

BENTUKLAHAN DENGAN TANAH

 ANALISIS KORELASI TUTUPAN

VEGETASI DENGAN TANAH

 ANALISIS KORELASI SIFAT SIFAT

TANAH
Monday, July 24, 2006
 AMATAN TANAH
DILAPANGAN
• AMATI TOPOGRAFI
• AMATI LANDUSE

• AMATI BATUAN INDUK

• AMATI WARNA TANAH

• AMATI PENAMPANG TANAH TERBUKA

• LAKUKAN SURVEI SAMPLING

Monday, July 24, 2006

 MODEL ANALISIS
KORELASI TANAH

HASIL
IKLIM TANAH
PROSES

Monday, July 24, 2006

 MODEL ANALISIS
KORELASI TANAH

LAPUKAN SIFAT
BATUAN
BATUAN TANAH

Monday, July 24, 2006

 Landforms and Soils
Sesi 6 september 2022
Pedology is “the study of soils that integrates their
distribution, formation, morphology, and
classification as natural landscape bodies”
(Gregorich et al., 2001). Pedogenesis or soil genesis, as
the story of soils and how they have developed,
essentially calls upon the whole of pedology in telling the
story.

Landforms and soil formation

( soil factors)
Rivew soil and Soil Science
Pedogenesis
Proses Pedogeomorfologi
Pedogenesis
 Geomorphology and soils

Geomorphology is the study of

landforms and the evolution of the
Earth's surface. Because soils are
so strongly linked to the
landforms upon which they
develop, a discipline has
emerged that deals with those
relationships: soil
geomorphology.
Geomorphology and soil
 Landform affect soils

Landforms are large, contiguous area

of similar geomorphologic history and
chemical and physical properties. Their
chemical and physical properties
strongly influence their soil
structure, texture, and chemical
properties, and the area's uses—
agriculture, dangers, building potential,
mineral availability, and others.
How landforms determine the type
of soil?
Soil is formed due to erosion and
deposition of rocks by rivers flowing
from mountains. Rocks depend on
the type of landform found in that
particular region, therefore different
types of rocks(landforms) lead to
the formation of different types of
soil
Landform and soil
Alluvial soils
Humic gleysol
LAND FORM AND SOIL
CORRELATION

 DATARAN ALUVIAL...... SOIL CORRELATION

 PROSES .... ALLUVIAL

 MATERIAL .... ALUVIUM
 SOLUM........
 TEKSTUR......
 KESUBURAN TANAH ....

 TANAH ; ALUVIAL
 LAND FORM AND SOIL
CORRELATION
 RAWA BELAKANG ...... SOIL CORRELATION

 PROSES .... REDUKSI/GLEISASI

 MATERIAL .... ALUVIUM
 SOLUM........
 TEKSTUR......
 KESUBURAN TANAH ....

 TANAH ; GLEISOL
 LAND FORM AND SOIL
CORRELATION
 LEMBAH BUKIT KARS ...... SOIL CORRELATION

 PROSES .... KALSIFIKASI

 MATERIAL INDUK.... LIMESTONE
 SOLUM........
 TEKSTUR......
 KESUBURAN TANAH ....

 TANAH ; RENZINA/GRUMUSOL
 Renzina Soils

Monday, July 24, 2006

 LAND FORM AND SOIL
CORRELATION
 VOLKANIK FOREST COVERED ...... SOIL
CORRELATION

 PROSES .... HUMIFIKASI

 MATERIAL INDUK.... VOLKANIK
 SOLUM........
 TEKSTUR......
 KESUBURAN TANAH ....

 TANAH ; ANDOSOL?
 Volcanic Soils

Monday, July 24, 2006

 Soil Catena

A catena is a sequence
of soils down a slope,
created by the balance of
processes such as
precipitation, infiltration
and runoff.
 MODEL ANALISIS
KORELASI TANAH
/CATENA TANAH

SIFAT
TOPOGRAFI TANAH
TANAH
Soil and landslide
 MODEL ANALISIS
KORELASI TANAH

SIFAT
VEGETASI TANAH
TANAH
Landform – Landuse- Soil
relationship
 MODEL ANALISIS
KORELASI TANAH

SIFAT SIFAT
TANAH
TANAH TANAH
 SEBUTKAN KORELASI
SIFAT TANAH
• TEKSTUR PASIR
• KONSISTENSI ?

• STRUKTUR TANAH?
• PERMEABILITAS?

• INFILTRASI TANAH ?
• POROSITAS TANAH ?
 SEBUTKAN KORELASI
SIFAT TANAH
• TEKSTUR LEMPUNG
• KONSISTENSI ?

• STRUKTUR TANAH ?
• PERMEABILITAS ?

• INFILTRASI TANAH ?
• POROSITAS TANAH ?
 SEBUTKAN SIFAT
KORELASI TANAH
• VERTIC SOIL
• TEKSTUR TANAH?

• KONSISTENSI ?
• TIPE LEMPUNG?

• SIFAT LEMPUNG?
• KESUBURAN KHEMIS?
 SEBUTKAN KORELASI
SIFAT TANAH
• TANAH RAWA
• TEKSTUR TANAH?

• WARNA TANAH ?
• PROSES PEMBENTUKAN TANAH ?

• KONSISTENSI TANAH?
• STRUKTUR TANAH?
• BAHAN INDUK TANAH?
 SEBUTKAN KORELASI
SIFAT TANAH
• TANAH ANDIC
• BAHAN INDUK?

• ELEVASI TOPOGRAFI?
• PROSES DOMINAN?

• WARNA TANAH ?
• KONSISTENSI TANAH?
 UNSUR PENTING
KESUBURAN TANAH
 KESUBURAN FISIK
 KESUBURAN KIMIA
 KESUBURAN BIOLOGIS
 KESUNURAN KIMIA

 UNSUR HARA MAKRO MELIPUTI

 N
 P

Monday, July 24, 2006

 KESUBURAN KIMIA
TANAH
 UNSUR HARA MIKRO MELIPUTI
 Mo
 Cu
 Zn
 Fe
 Cl
 S
 Mg

 Cari bentuk bentuk utama dalam

alam
Monday, July 24, 2006
SOIL HORIZONS

Monday, July 24, 2006

Monday, July 24, 2006
SOIL TYPE

Monday, July 24, 2006

SOIL ORDERS

Monday, July 24, 2006

USDA
SOIL CLASSIFICATION
SYSTEM

Monday, July 24, 2006

 TANAH DI INDONESIA

 REGOSOL
 LATOSOL
 PODSOLIK
 GRUMUSOL
 LITOSOL
 GLEISOL
 ALUVIAL
 KAMBISOL
 MEDITERAN
 ORGANOSOL

Monday, July 24, 2006

 KARAKTERISTIK
TANAH
 MORFOLOGI PROFIL TANAH.
LAPISAN,SOLUM.SIFAT FISIS
DAN KHEMIS. PEMBENTUK
TANAH
 SIFAT FISIK :
TEKSTUR.STRUKTUR,KONSIST
ENSI.POROSITAS,BERATJENIS
DAN VOLUME.KADAR AIR,
DAYADUKUNG TANAH.
 SIFAT KHEMIS:
pH. UNSUR
HARA.KPK,KB.DHL,KAPUR,ORG
ANIK

Monday, July 24, 2006

 PENGUMPULAN DATA
TANAH
 MELALUI PENERAPAN REMOTE
SENSING
 PENGUKURAN DI LAPANGAN
MELALUI : PROFIL TANAH.
MINIPIT. BOR TANAH
 ANALISA DI LABORATORIUM:
ANALISIS MIKROMORFOLOGI
TANAH,FISIK DAN KHEMIS
TANAH

Monday, July 24, 2006

 ALAT DAN BAHAN
SURVEI TANAH
 SOIL TOOLS MELIPUTI BOR
TANAH,SKOP,KOMPAS,
ABNEYLEVEL,PISAU
TANAH.GPS, SAMPLER TANAH
 SOIL TEST KIT MELIPUTI BUKU
MUNSELL, ALAT UJI SIFAT
KHEMIS DAN FISIK TANAH,
 PETA TOPOGRAFI,
CITRA/FOTOUDARA

Monday, July 24, 2006

 SKALA SURVEI TANAH

 SANGAT DETIL
 DETIL
 SEMIDETIL
 TINJAU/RECON

Monday, July 24, 2006

 TEMA PENELITIAN
TANAH
 SURVEI DAN PEMETAAN TANAH
 KESUBURAN TANAH
 MEKANIKA DAN KETEKNIKAN
 DEGRADASI PENCEMARAN
TANAH
 EVALUASI LAHAN PERTANIAN
DAN NON PERTANIAN
 KONSERVASI DAN
REHABILITASI TANAH
 LAHAN KRITIS KERUSAKAN
TANAH

Monday, July 24, 2006

 TANAH DAN EVALUASI
LAHAN

Monday, July 24, 2006

Evaluasi Lahan
 Evaluasi Lahan adalah
proses pendugaan atau
estimasi potensi lahan
untuk berbagai alternatif
penggunaan dengan
mendasarkan pada
pembandingan persyaratan
penggunaan lahan dengan
kualitas lahan
TIPE EVALUASI LAHAN

 1.KEMAMPUAN LAHAN
(LAND CAPABILITY)

 2.KESESUAIAN LAHAN
(LAND SUITABILITY)
Tujuan Evaluasi SD Lahan

 Untuk mengetahui potensi

lahan di suatu wilayah untuk
penggunaan lahan tertentu.
Evaluasinya mencakup :
1. Penilaian
karakteristik/kualitas
lingkungan
2. Analisis ekonomi, sosial
3. Konsekuensi dampak
3 (tiga) Aspek Utama dalam
Evaluasi Lahan

Lahan

Penggunaan
Lahan
Ekonomi
Konsep lahan
Faktor pembentuk
lahan
Klasifikasi
sumberdaya lahan
Sifat lahan/land
properties
 Comparison Between LAND ,TERAIN
and SOIL
Climate A

Hidrologie situations A

Landform / relief A

Lithology / rocks A

LAND Geomorphological TERRAIN

A
processes

Soils A

EXPLANATIONS
Vegetation / land cover B
A=abiotic factors
Flora/Fauna B B=biotic factors
Human factor B
 Dasar Pembuatan Land Unit

 Bentuk Lahan
 Kemiringan Lereng
 Penggunaan Lahan

 Contoh:

V2 V P Kemiringan > 40%

Pemukiman

Lereng Atas Gunungapi

Sifat Lahan (Land Properties)
 Karakteristik Lahan (Land
Characteristic)
 Kualitas lahan (Land Qualities)
 Persyaratan Penggunaan Lahan (Land
use Requirement)
 Pembatas Lahan (Land Limitation)
 Perbaikan Lahan (Land Improvement)
LANDCAPABILITY
CLASSIFICATION :
The classification of land is
terms of its overall potential for
use in specified ways or with
specified management practices.
The US Department of
Agriculture land classification is
the best knows capability
classification.
 Structure of land capability classification

Capability class Capability subclass Capability unit Soil mapping unit

Arable I IIe, erosion IIe-1 P series

II IIw, wetness IIe-2 Q serie
III IIs, soil IIe-3 R series
IV IIc, climate etc
IIes
etc
V
Non arable VI
VII
VIII
 Tabel Kriteria Klasifikasi Kemampuan Lahan
Faktor Penghambat/ Kelas kemampuan lahan
Pembatas I II III IV V VI VII VIII
1 Lereng Permukaan A B C D A E F G

2 Kepekaan erosi KE1,KE2 KE3 KE4,KE5 KE6 (‘) (‘) (‘) (‘)

3 Tingkat erosi eo e1 e2 e3 (‘’) e4 e5 (‘)

4 Kedalaman tanah k0 k1 k2 k2 (‘) k3 (‘) (‘)

Tekstur lapisan
5 t1,t2,t3 t1,t2,t3 t1,t2,,t3,t4 t1,t2,,t3,t4 (‘) t1,t2,,t3,t4 t1,t2,,t3,t4 t3
atas
Tekstur lapisan
6 sda sda sda sda (‘) sda sda t3
bawah

7 Permeabilitas P2P3 P2P3 P2P3 P2P3 P1 (‘) (‘) P5

8 Drainase d1 d2 d3 d4 d5 (‘’) (‘’) d0

9 Kerikil/batuan b0 b0 b1 b2 b3 (‘) (‘) b4

10 Ancaman banjir O0 O1 O2 O3 O4 (‘’) (‘’) (‘)

11 Garam/salinitas g0 g1 g2 g3 (‘’) g3 (‘) (‘)

Catatan : (‘) = dapat mempunyai sebaran sifat ; (‘’) = tidak berlaku

(‘’) = umumnya terdapat di daerah beriklim miring
Figure : Stratification of the planning area to improve cost
effectiveness of data collection
Kesesuaian Lahan (FAO)
 Adalah gambaran tingkat kesesuaian
lahan untuk penggunaan tertentu
(bukan penggunaan lahan umum
seperti pada evaluasi kemampuan
lahan)
 Contoh klasifikasi :
S = Sesuai
N = Tidak sesuai
 Kesesuaian Lahan

 AKTUAL (Current Suitability) : Kesesuaian lahan

saat ini tanpa perbaikan lahan utama
 POTENSIAL (Potential Suitability) : Kesesuaian
lahan di masa mendatang dengan diikuti
perbaikan lahan
 Kualitatif
 Sifat evaluasi kualitatif, produktivitas fisik,
potensi lahan, tanpa analisis ekonomi
reconaisance studies
 LAND EVALUATION MODEL

Land use system (LUS)

Land mapping unit (LMU) Land Utilization (Type)
Land Characteristics Key Attributes

Controllable Land Qualities Land Use Requirements

INPUTS OUTPUTS
(drainage (yield, yield
Diagnostic Factors Factor Rating Adaptation
fertilizers, of land use
reliability)
Matching
etc to land
qualities

Land Improvements Adapted Land Use

Requirements

Land Suitability Classification

Economic and social analysis

 LAND/SOIL RESOURCES ><
POPULATION PROBLEM

• Increasing Population
• 10 billion inhabitants of the earth in 2110
• Standart living arable land/capita =0,5 ha
• Issue : - reducing area of arable land
- land degradation
- land convertion
- arable land/capita 0,23 ha (in 2000)
SOIL /LAND DEGRADATION PROCESSES

• Chemical – Physical – Biological

• Physical change - Soil Physic, Mechanic
- Hidrologic
• Processes
 Perubahan struktur tanah, Crusting, cumpaction,
poor aeration & drainage, erosion and run off
 Instability nutrient balance, toxic, salt, heavy
metal
 MASALAH
MANAGEMEN TANAH
 KETIDAK SESUAIAN LANDUSE
 PENGARUH MANUSIA
 TEKANAN LAHAN OLEH
MANUSIA
 DAMPAK PEMBANGUNAN
 KEPEMILIKAN TANAH
 UKURAN TANAH
 TATAGUNA TANAH
 ILLEGAL USED

Monday, July 24, 2006

 PRINSIP
PENGELOLAAN TANAH
 SESUAI DENGAN DAYA
DUKUNG
 MENGUTAMAKAN PERBAIKAN
TANAH DAN LAHAN
 SESUAI DENGAN FUNGSI
KAWASAN
 SESUAI DENGAN KONTEKS
EKOSISTEM
 SESUAI DENGAN TATA RUANG

Monday, July 24, 2006