Modul 1 - Geologi

RUANG LINGKUP GEOLOGI
• Pengertian dan cara belajar geologi

• Ilmu-ilmu terkait dengan geologi
• Sistem dalam geologi
• Mengapa belajar geologi?
MODUL 1 - RUANG LINGKUP G 1

EOLOGI
Pengertian dan cara belajar geologi
• Geology is the study of the Earth as a whole, its origin,
structure, composition, and history (including the
development of life), and the nature of the processes
which have given rise to its present state.
Whitten, DGA and Brooks, JRV. 1977. The Penguin Dictionary of

Geology. Middlesex: Penguin Books. p. 204.
Pertanyaan:
• Cari definisi lain dari buku-buku geologi berbahasa
Inggris di Perpustakaan Pusat.
EOLOGI
Pengertian dan cara belajar geologi
• Mengikuti pendidikan kebumian
• Lokatama untuk belajar geologi:
– Perpustakaan termasuk internet
– Laboratorium (studio) dan museum geologi
– Lapangan
• Sebagaimana pembelajaran ilmu alam yang lain, dalam
menghadapi bahan atau fenomena geologi perlu
dilakukan:
– Observasi (pengamatan),
– Analisis, dan
– Sintesis

EOLOGI
Perhatikan
• Belum dikatakan belajar geologi sebelum ke
perpustakaan, laboratorium, dan lapangan (survei)!
• Apakah FTM UPN “Veteran” Yogyakarta
memfasilitasi pembelajaran di 3 (tiga) lokatama
−termasuk museum− tersebut di atas?
EOLOGI
• Ilmu-ilmu terkait dengan geologi

EOLOGI
Ilmu-ilmu terkait
TEKNIK TEKNIK PERTANIAN

PERTAMBANGAN PANASBUMI DLL
TEKNOLOGI
TEKNIK TEKNIK INDUSTRI
PERMINYAKAN SIPIL PARIWISATA
GEOLOGI GEOARKEOLOGI
BAHAN GALIAN GEOLOGI
ILMU-ILMU PANASBUMI DLL
TERAPAN GEOLOGI GEOLOGI GEOLOGI
MINYAKBUMI TEKNIK PLANOLOGI LINGKUNGAN
METEOROLOGI PEDOLOGI
ILMU-ILMU
DASAR GEOLOGI
KEBUMIAN BIOLOGI
HIDROLOGI
STATISTIKA
ILMU-ILMU FISIKA KIMIA
DASAR
MATEMATIKA
EOLOGI
Ilmu-ilmu antara
GEOFISIKA FISIKA
GEOKIMIA KIMIA
GEOSTATISTIKA STATISTIKA
GEOLOGI GEOHIDROLOGI HIDROLOGI
PALEONTOLOGI BIOLOGI
GEOWISATA PARIWISATA
GEOARKEOLOGI ARKEOLOGI
DLL
Pertanyaan:
• Mengapa muncul ilmu-ilmu antara?
EOLOGI
Cabang-cabang geologi
GEOLOGI
GEOMORFOLOGI
PALEONTOLOGI
MINERALOGI GEOLOGI
STRUKTUR
STRATIGRAFI PETROLOGI TEKTONIKA
VOLKANOLOGI
GEOLOGI
SEJARAH
SPELEOLOGI LIMNOLOGI SEDIMENTOLOGI DLL
Pertanyaan:
• Mengapa banyakMODUL
cabang-cabang
EOLOGI geologi?
1 - RUANG LINGKUP G 8
• Ilmu-ilmu terkait

EOLOGI
GEOSPHERE
Initially, … it was an homogenous material

EOLOGI
GEOSPHERE
ATMOSPHERE
BIOSPHERE
HYDROSPHERE SOLID EARTH
Diversifications …
EOLOGI
GEOSPHERE
Dynamic equilibrium
ATMOSPHERE
BIOSPHERE
HIDROSPHERE MODUL 1 - RUANG LINGKUP G SOLID EARTH 12

EOLOGI
(LITHOSPHERE TO CORE)
• Ilmu-ilmu terkait

EOLOGI
Why Study Geology?
Because geology is all around us.
• 1. Geological Resources
• 2. “The Environment” Environmental
• 3. Geological Hazards Geology
(Changes posing risks)
• 4. Engineering
• 5. Landforms and Surface Processes
• 6. Historical Geology
Geology forms the basis of our great civilizations
EOLOGI
Why Study Geology?
1. Geological Resources
– The Cradle of
Civilization (Fertile
Crescent)
– Development limited
by availability, e.g.,
soil, water, energy
– Conflicts based on
resources, e.g., http://encarta.msn.com/
water, minerals, oil…
EOLOGI
The Cradle of Civilization
Sprung from geology of the region
Tigris River, Iraq
http://encarta.msn.com/
EOLOGI
Misuse of Resources
2. The Environment
These Maps illustrate the
Fertile Crescent in 1973 (top)
and 2000 (bottom).
Permanent marshlands,
pictured in green, have shrunk
90 percent in that period.
Illustration courtesy United Nations

Environment Program
EOLOGI
Misuse of Geologic Resources
Desiccation of the Aral Sea, Kazakhstan
2. The Environment

http://www.grida.no/aral/aralsea/english/arsea/arsea.htm
EOLOGI
Overuse of Geologic Resources
2. The Environment (Geology in the News)
• 1.7 billion are joining the consumer class
and the environment won’t sustain this
standard of living (Worldwatch Institute
2004)
• Emissions of Greenhouse gasses is

accelerating global warming
• Climate change is accelerating melting of

glaciers and driving mass extinctions
(The Centre of Biodiversity and Conservation,
Leeds University, UK)
EOLOGI
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003
Geology in the News San Andreas Fault
3. Geologic Hazards
• Two die in 6.5
magnitude
Earthquake near
San Lois Obispo
California
• Earthquake triggers
mudslides
EOLOGI
Assessing Risk
“Major Quake Likely to
Strike San Francisco
Bay Region Between
2003 and 2032”
3. Geologic Hazards
• Assessing Risks
• Avoiding Risks
• Preventing
Damage
• Predicting Impact
EOLOGI http://quake.wr.usgs.gov/research/seismology/wg02/
Earthquake Photos
from AP
Bam, Iran
• A Magnitude 6.5
Earthquake hits a
stone- and mud-
house city of
100,000 in Iran 12-
26-03
– 30,000 Dead
– 30,000 Refugees
• US sends aid and
releases sanctions
• Relations improved
EOLOGI
3. Geological Hazards
Volcanoes
Landslides
Earthquakes

EOLOGI
4. Geology in Engineering
Slope Failure Risk Assessment and Control
To prevent slope failure engineers must understand the

geology that forms and controls the slope
EOLOGI
Geology in Engineering
The Leaning Tower Straightens Up

In Pisa the tilted one is back in
business after an 11-year effort
to keep it from collapsing
Committee member John
Burland, an engineer,
promoted soil extraction as the
best way to save the tower.
Engineers use knowledge of

geology to design, protect
and correct structures
MODUL 1 - RUANG LINGKUPwww.smithsonianmag.si.edu
G 25
EOLOGI
5. Landforms and Surface Processes
H.C. Berann (1915-1999)
Yosemite National Park, 1987
• Glaciers
• Mass Wasting
• Streams
• Shorelines
• Deserts
• Groundwater
http://www.berann.com
EOLOGI
Sub Disciplines
Areas of Study Which Rely on Geology
• Environmental Geology
– Environmental Sciences: how we influence
the earth
– Geologic Hazards: how geology influences us
• Engineering Geology
– Geologic Materials
– Foundations
– Geotechnical engineering
EOLOGI
Sub Disciplines (cont.)
• Geological Resources
– Locating and characterizing amounts and quality
– Extracting and
– Understanding environmental effects of
extraction and use (misuse, overuse) of
resources
• Historical Geology
– Deciphering Earth History and
– Evolution of life
EOLOGI
Dengan demikian geologi digunakan dimana saja?
• …
• …
• …
• … MODUL 1 - RUANG LINGKUP G
EOLOGI
29
I WONDER
• There are many diversifications in the
world, but they have been being maintained
in a single magnificent system and under
dynamic equilibrium.
Bambang Prastistho

EOLOGI

Modul 1 - Geologi

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RUANG LINGKUP GEOLOGI

• Pengertian dan cara belajar geologi

MODUL 1 - RUANG LINGKUP G 1

Whitten, DGA and Brooks, JRV. 1977. The Penguin Dictionary of

MODUL 1 - RUANG LINGKUP G 3

MODUL 1 - RUANG LINGKUP G 5

TEKNIK TEKNIK PERTANIAN

SPELEOLOGI LIMNOLOGI SEDIMENTOLOGI DLL

MODUL 1 - RUANG LINGKUP G 9

Initially, … it was an homogenous material

HYDROSPHERE SOLID EARTH

HIDROSPHERE MODUL 1 - RUANG LINGKUP G SOLID EARTH 12

MODUL 1 - RUANG LINGKUP G 13

Tigris River, Iraq

Illustration courtesy United Nations

MODUL 1 - RUANG LINGKUP G 18

• Emissions of Greenhouse gasses is

• Climate change is accelerating melting of

MODUL 1 - RUANG LINGKUP G 23

To prevent slope failure engineers must understand the

The Leaning Tower Straightens Up

Engineers use knowledge of

MODUL 1 - RUANG LINGKUP G 30

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