PAKET I – BAHASA INGGRIS

Nomor 1
Materi Passive Sentence
Soal During the Shang (1600–1050 BCE) and Zhou (1050–256 BCE) dynasties of
ancient China, documents were ordinarily [...] on bone or bamboo.
A. write
B. writes
C. writing
D. wrote
E. written

Jawaban E
Pembahasan ... documents were ordinarily [...] on bone or bamboo.

Kalimat tersebut merupakan kalimat pasif. Artinya adalah sebagai berikut:

... dokumen awalnya ditulis pada tulang atau bambu.

Kata pasif memiliki pola to be + V3. Oleh karena itu, pilihan yang tepat adalah
written.

Nomor 2
Materi Present Participle (Adjective)
Soal In as early as 1920, a discussion [...] around the use of culture and media
communication was being used as a strategy to enhance the international
understanding of Japan's perspective was set in place.
A. revolve
B. revolved
C. revolving
D. revolves
E. was revolving

Jawaban C
Pembahasan ... a discussion [...] around the use of culture and media communication was being
used as a strategy ...

Bagian tersebut dapat diartikan:

... diskusi [...] penggunaan budaya dan komunikasi media digunakan sebagai
strategi ...

Dapat diketahui bahwa [...] bukan merupakan kata kerja. Kata tersebut masih
menjadi bagian dari subjek.

... diskusi yang berputar di sekitar penggunaan budaya dan komunikasi media
digunakan sebagai strategi ...

Kata yang berputar merupakan sebuah present participle, sehingga dalam bahasa
Inggris menjadi revolving.
 Namun, terjemahan tersebut kurang sesuai dalam bahasa Indonesia. Lebih tepat
bila ditulis

... diskusi seputar penggunaan budaya dan komunikasi media digunakan sebagai
strategi ...
Aman, hanya saja menurut saya ini bukan materi gerund, melainkan present
participle
Nomor 3
Materi Modals
Soal In many cases, a crime might [...] in one country where legislation differs from that
of your own country or where the act is not a crime at all.
A. originate
B. originates
C. originated
D. originating
E. be originated

Jawaban A
Pembahasan ... a crime might [...] in one country where legislation ...

Dapat diperhatikan bahwa kalimat tersebut memiliki tenses yang sederhana,

tepatnya simple present tense. Karena subjek a crime merupakan orang ketiga,
maka kata kerja memiliki pola V1+s, tetapi karena didahului dengan modal might,
maka kata kerja kembali ke bentuk dasarnya, yaitu originate.

Teks
1
The first mining efforts involved searching for the stones most [...] for
making tools. 2Primary stone tools are approximately 2.6 million years old,
predating even Homo sapiens. 3Hence, this time tracks the use of rocks as
throwing weapons around 1.9 million years ago, following soon after by digging for
the best cutting stones and stone tools. 4As Homos sapiens developed and the
population grew, communities began replace the nomadic lifestyle. 5Early tribes
located around primary resources of food, water, and shelter were readily
available. 6Soon after, the location of other natural resources began to have an
impact on human settlement. 7Mined materials were probably among the first
materials traded. 8Some tribes may have had regular access to chert or obsidian,
high value for their sharp edges. 9Others may have had access to the best clay for
making pots, bowls, or other utensils. 10Early trading required that humans develop
more enhanced communication skills and could be considered the basis of
civilization.
(Adapted from earthsystems.com)
Nomor 4
Materi Words
Soal The best word to fill [...] in sentence (1) is ....
A. accurate
B. appropriate
C. suit
D. raw
E. known

Jawaban B
Pembahasan The first mining efforts involved searching for the stones most [...] for making tools.

Terjemahan kalimat tersebut adalah:

Upaya penambangan pertama melibatkan pencarian batu yang paling sesuai
untuk membuat alat.

Jadi, kata yang paling tepat untuk mengisi [...] adalah appropriate yang berarti
sesuai.

Nomor 5
Materi Synonims and antonyms
Soal The word approximately in sentence (2) can be replaced with ....
A. accurately
B. precisely
C. about
D. relatively
E. exactly

Jawaban C
Pembahasan Primary stone tools are approximately 2.6 million years old, predating even Homo
sapiens.

Approximately berarti kira-kira. Ini sama artinya dengan about.

Nomor 6
Materi Grammar – to infinitive
Soal The grammatical error in sentence (4) is spotted in the word or phrase ....
A. Homo sapiens
B. developed
C. the population
D. grew
E. began replace

Jawaban E
4
Pembahasan As Homos sapiens developed and the population grew, communities began
replace the nomadic lifestyle.

Perhatikan bahwa began replace merupakan dua kata kerja berturut-turut. Hal ini
tidak diperkenankan. Frasa yang tepat adalah began to replace.
Aman
Nomor 7
Materi Grammar
Soal Which sentence of the text still has grammatical errors?
A. sentence (6)
B. sentence (7)
C. sentence (8)
D. sentence (9)
E. sentence (10)

Jawaban C
 8
Pembahasan Some tribes may have had regular access to chert or obsidian, high value for
their sharp edges.

Perhatikan kalimat (8) di atas. Kata high value merupakan adjective phrase,
sehingga tidak dapat diikuti dengan for. Ini dapat diubah menjadi kata kerja:

Some tribes may have had regular access to chert or obsidian, highly valued for
their sharp edges.

Highly valued for berarti dihargai tinggi karena.

Teks
Weathering is the process that changes solid rock into sediments. With
weathering, rock is disintegrated into smaller pieces. Once these sediments are
separated from the rocks, erosion is the process that moves the sediments away
from its original position. The four forces of erosion are water, wind, glaciers, and
gravity. Water is responsible for most erosion. Water can move most sizes of
sediments, depending on the strength of the force. Wind moves sand-sized and
smaller pieces of rock through the air. Glaciers move all sizes of sediments, from
extremely large boulders to the tiniest fragments. Gravity moves broken pieces of
rock, large or small, down slope. While plate tectonics forces work to build huge
mountains and other landscapes, the forces of weathering and mass wasting
gradually wear those rocks and landscapes away, called denudation. Together
with erosion, tall mountains turn into hills and even plains. The Appalachian
Mountains along the east coast of North America were once as tall as the
Himalayas.
Mechanical weathering, also called physical weathering, breaks rock into
smaller pieces. These smaller pieces are just like the bigger rock, just smaller.
That means the rock has changed physically without changing its composition.
The smaller pieces have the same minerals, in just the same proportions as the
original rock.
There are many ways that rocks can be broken apart into smaller pieces.
Ice wedging, also called freeze-thaw weathering, is the main form of mechanical
weathering in any climate that regularly cycles above and below the freezing point.
Ice wedging works quickly, breaking apart rocks in areas with temperatures that
cycle above and below freezing in the day and night, and also that cycle above
and below freezing with the seasons. Ice wedging breaks apart so much rock that
large piles of broken rock are seen at the base of a hillside called talus. Ice
wedging is common in Earth’s polar regions and mid latitudes, and also at higher
elevations, such as in the mountains. Abrasion is another form of mechanical
weathering. In abrasion, one rock bumps against another rock.
(Adapted from courses.lumenlearning.com)
Nomor 8
Materi Explanation Text
Soal Once these sediments are separated from the rocks, erosion is the process that
moves the sediments away from its original position.

What is the other way to deliver the message in that sentence?

A. The erosion will evemtually remove the sediments from rocks.
B. After the sediments are isolated from rocks, it is moved by erosion.
 C. The separation of sediments and rock is involving erosion.
D. Once the sediments are removed, the rocks will erode.
E. The process of erosion always takes place after the separation of sediments
and rocks.

Jawaban B
Pembahasan Once these sediments are separated from the rocks, erosion is the process that
moves the sediments away from its original position.

Kalimat tersebut diterjemahkan:

Setelah sedimen ini dipisahkan dari batuan, erosi menjadi proses yang
memindahkan sedimen dari posisi semula.

Makna kalimat tersebut adalah bahwa proses pemisahan sedimen dari batuan
diikuti dengan proses berikutnya, yaitu erosi. Maka, kalimat yang memiliki makna
paling mirip adalah:
After the sediments are isolated from rocks, it is moved by erosion.

Terjemahannya:
Setelah sedimen diisolasi dari batuan, itu dipindahkan oleh erosi.

Nomor 9
Materi Explanation Text
Soal What is the topic mainly discussed in the passage above?
A. The main forces involved in weathering.
B. The geological process of weathering.
C. The difference between weathering and erosion.
D. The effect of weathering.
E. The process in mechanical weathering.

Jawaban B
Pembahasan Perhatikan kalimat utamanya (main sentences):
▪ Weathering is the process that changes solid rock into sediments.
▪ Mechanical weathering, also called physical weathering, breaks rock into
smaller pieces.
▪ There are many ways that rocks can be broken apart into smaller pieces.

Teks tersebut umumnya berbicara mengenai pelapukan (weathering), tepatnya

proses geologis dari pelapukan, sehingga topik utama teks adalah the geological
process of weathering.

Nomor 10
Materi Explanation Text
Soal Why does the writer mention the Appalachian Mountains in paragraph 1?
A. To exemplify the effect of erosion.
B. To clarify the position of Himalayas.
C. To explain how mechanical weathering works.
D. To describe the height of Himalayas.
 E. To justify the importance of weathering in geological process.

Jawaban A
Pembahasan ▪ While plate tectonics forces work to build huge mountains and other
landscapes, the forces of weathering and mass wasting gradually wear those
rocks and landscapes away, called denudation.
▪ Together with erosion, tall mountains turn into hills and even plains.
▪ The Appalachian Mountains along the east coast of North America were once
as tall as the Himalayas.

Kalimat pertama dan kedua di atas menjelaskan bagaimana lempeng tektonik

membentuk gunung, tetapi erosi justru mengikisnya. The Appalachian Mountains
disebutkan sebagai contoh dari dampak pengikisan ini.

Nomor 11
Materi Explanation Text
Soal Which one of these sentences is wrong according to paragraph 3?
A. Ice wedging is the main form of mechanical weathering.
B. Freeze-thaw weathering happens in regions with temperature fluctuating
around water freezing point.
C. Ice wedging doesn’t occur in mountains.
D. Abrasion is different with ice wedging.
E. Abrasion can destroy rocks.

Jawaban C
Pembahasan Ice wedging is common in Earth’s polar regions and mid latitudes, and also at
higher elevations, such as in the mountains.

Dari kalimat tersebut, kita dapat mengetahui bahwa ice wedging umum terjadi
digunung. Dengan demikian, pernyataan ice wedging doesn’t occur in mountains
atau ice wedging tidak terjadi digunung salah.

Text
Researchers and clinicians are upset and frustrated that decades of work
in diagnosing, treating and researching tuberculosis (TB) have massively stalled.
As the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease held its annual
conference online last week, Guy Marks, the union’s president, spoke for many
when, comparing efforts against COVID-19, he said, “Many of us who work in the
[TB] field feel robbed that equivalent efforts to develop a TB vaccine have never
been as well committed or funded.” Marks added, “The failure to deliver COVID-19
vaccines to low- and middle-income countries and end tuberculosis are two sides
of the same coin — a devaluation of human life in poor countries.” He has a point.
But it doesn’t need to be this way.
Researchers are again urging decision-makers to revive diagnosis,
treatment and research programs for TB and other infectious diseases, such as
malaria. They are saying that much can be learnt from how the creation of
COVID-19 vaccines was fast-tracked. Researchers have been warning that even
more people will die from TB and other infectious diseases, such as malaria and
HIV, if health systems continue to neglect these infections because of the
 continuing focus on coronavirus. And they are pleading with funders and
governments not to drop the ball on TB work.
Their warnings are not being heeded. Not only are more people dying of
the disease, but a target to reduce deaths by 90% from 2015 levels by 2030 —
part of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals — is now in peril.
According to research published this month, this failure will also lead to profound
economic and health losses in the trillions of dollars — with the greatest impact in
sub-Saharan Africa.
A crucial problem is that fewer medical professionals have been available
to diagnose and treat TB. As a result, the number of people diagnosed with the
disease fell from 7.1 million in 2019 to 5.8 million in 2020. India, Indonesia and the
Philippines are the most affected countries, according to the World Health
Organization’s (WHO’s) latest TB report, published this month.
Lessons from COVID-19 must be applied to the fight against TB and other
infectious diseases. Advances in rapid and reliable diagnostics, advanced
computation, sequencing and clinical-trial capacity for new vaccines and
treatments can all be harnessed for TB and other infectious diseases. The TB
vaccine in use today is essentially the same as the Bacillus Calmette–Guérin
(BCG) vaccine introduced in July 1921. The COVID-19 pandemic has shown that
it’s possible to produce new vaccines in one year, not 100 — provided that there is
funding and political will.
(Adapted from nature.com)
Nomor 12
Materi Exposition Text
Soal What is the background of the passage above?
A. Tuberculosis researches are abandoned by governments.
B. More people die because of COVID-19.
C. People learn nothing from COVID-19 pandemic.
D. Many researches don’t continue researching tuberculosis.
E. Tuberculosis treatent doesn’t imoprove for over 100 years.

Jawaban A
Pembahasan Perhatikan kalimat-kalimat di paragraf pertama berikut:
▪ Researchers and clinicians are upset and frustrated that decades of work in
diagnosing, treating and researching tuberculosis (TB) have massively stalled.
▪ As the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease held its
annual conference online last week, Guy Marks, the union’s president, spoke
for many when, comparing efforts against COVID-19, he said, “Many of us
who work in the [TB] field feel robbed that equivalent efforts to develop a TB
vaccine have never been as well committed or funded.”

Paragraf pertama menjelaskan latar belakang suatu isi atau alasan kenapa
penulis menulis tulisan tersebut. Dari kalimat tersebut, dapat diketahui bahwa riset
mengenai tuberkulosis terhenti karena tidak didanai, tidak seperti penelitian
COVID-19 yang gencar dilakukan. Maka, dapat kita simpulkan bahwa tulisan
tersebut adalah bahwa riset mengenai tuberkulosis ditinggalkan oleh pemerintah
atau tuberculosis researches are abandoned by governments.

Nomor 13
Materi Exposition Text
Soal In which paragraph is the impact of the issue regarding the number of medical
professionals emphasized?
A. Paragraph 1
B. Paragraph 2
C. Paragraph 3
D. Paragraph 4
E. Paragraph 5

Jawaban D
Pembahasan A crucial problem is that fewer medical professionals have been available to
diagnose and treat TB. As a result, the number of people diagnosed with the
disease fell from 7.1 million in 2019 to 5.8 million in 2020. India, Indonesia and the
Philippines are the most affected countries, according to the World Health
Organization’s (WHO’s) latest TB report, published this month.

Perhatikan paragraf 4 tersebut. Bagian yang ditebalkan menunjukkan bahwa

semakin sedikit tenaga medis yang tersedia untuk mendiagnosis tuberkulosis. Hal
ini merupakan akibat dari isu yang dibahas.

Nomor 14
Materi Exposition Text
Soal What is the writer’s position regarding the issue?
A. The writer is defending decision makers and governments.
B. The writer is promoting anti tuberculosis campaign.
C. The writer is supporting the idea of improving research on tuberculosis.
D. The writer is against the government for abandoning people for dying.
E. The writer is objecting the idea of focusing the research on COVID-19.

Jawaban C
Pembahasan Perhatikan kalimat-kalimat utama teks:
▪ Researchers and clinicians are upset and frustrated that decades of work in
diagnosing, treating and researching tuberculosis (TB) have massively stalled.
▪ Researchers are again urging decision-makers to revive diagnosis, treatment
and research programs for TB and other infectious diseases, such as malaria.
▪ Their warnings are not being heeded.
▪ A crucial problem is that fewer medical professionals have been available to
diagnose and treat TB.
▪ Lessons from COVID-19 must be applied to the fight against TB and other
infectious diseases.

Dari kalimat-kalimatnya, penulis selalu berada di sisi yang mengkritik pemerintah

dan terus menjelaskan akibat buruk dari hal itu. Penulis berada di sisi para peneliti
yang menginginkan agar riset di bidang tuberkulosis terus didanai dan
dikembangkan karena ini penting. Oleh karena itu, posisi penulis adalah the writer
is supporting the idea of improving research on tuberculosis.

Nomor 15
Materi Exposition Text
Soal From the writer’s perspective, what can we learn from COVID-19 issue?
A. Governments should take action fast to prevent more death.
 B. Advancement and support in COVID-19 research can be applied in
tuberculosis.
C. Tuberculosis have the same pattern with COVID-19 so we can apply
COVID-19 solution in tuberculosis.
D. Researchers should not give up developing vaccines for tuberculosis as in
COVID-19.
E. Vaccines for diseases must be developed under 1 year to prevent the disease
from becoming a pandemic.

Jawaban B
Pembahasan ▪ Lessons from COVID-19 must be applied to the fight against TB and other
infectious diseases.
▪ Advances in rapid and reliable diagnostics, advanced computation,
sequencing and clinical-trial capacity for new vaccines and treatments can all
be harnessed for TB and other infectious diseases.
▪ The TB vaccine in use today is essentially the same as the Bacillus
Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine introduced in July 1921.
▪ The COVID-19 pandemic has shown that it’s possible to produce new
vaccines in one year, not 100 — provided that there is funding and political
will.

Perhatikan paragraf terakhir di atas. Kalimat pertama merupakan pandangan

penulis untuk belajar dari COVID-19. Kalimat kedua merupakan penjabaran
penulis terkait apa yang harus dipelajari. Dari kalimat tersebut, dapat kita
simpulkan bahwa penulis menyarankan bahwa pengembangan dan dukungan
dalam COVID-19 juga dapat diterapkan di kasus tuberkulosis, advancement and
support in COVID-19 research can be applied in tuberculosis.