FUNGSI TRANSENDEN

Fungsi real secara umum dibagi menjadi dua bagian, yaitu:

1. Fungsi aljabar (polinom, rasional, akar, harga mutlak)
2. Fungsi transenden, yaitu fungsi yang bukan fungsi
aljabar, seperti fungsi logaritma asli, fungsi trigonometri,
fungsi eksponen, fungsi hiperbolik, dsb.
Selanjutnya hanya akan dibahas fungsi lograitma asli dan
fungsi eksponen.

A. Fungsi Logaritma Asli

Definisi
Fungsi logaritma asli dinotasikan dengan 𝑓(𝑥) =
log 𝑒 𝑥 = ln 𝑥, didefinisikan oleh
𝑥
1
ln 𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑡 , 𝑥>0
𝑡
1

Contoh 1
31
1. ln 3 = ∫1 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
3
1
↔ ∫ 𝑑𝑡 = [ln 𝑥]13 = ln 3 − ln 1 = ln 3 − 0 = ln 3
𝑡
1
51
2. ln 5 = ∫1 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
 5
1
↔ ∫ 𝑑𝑡 = [ln 𝑥]15 = ln 5 − ln 1 = ln 5 − 0 = ln 5
𝑡
1

Turunan Fungsi Logaritma Asli

𝑥1 1
𝐷𝑥 ln 𝑥 = 𝐷𝑥 ∫1 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑥
Misal 𝑢 = 𝑔(𝑥)
1
𝐷𝑥 ln 𝑢 = 𝐷𝑢 ln 𝑢 𝐷𝑥 𝑢 = 𝐷 𝑢
𝑢 𝑥

Contoh 2
Carilah
1. 𝐷𝑥 ln √𝑥
2. 𝐷𝑥 ln(𝑥 2 + 1)3
Penyelesaian:
1 1
1 1
1. 𝑢 = √𝑥 = 𝑥 2 ↔ 𝐷𝑥 𝑢 = 2 𝑥 −2 = 2
√𝑥
𝐷𝑥 ln √𝑥 = 𝐷𝑥 ln 𝑢
1
= 𝐷𝑥 𝑢
𝑢
1 1 1
= =
√𝑥 2√𝑥 2𝑥
2. 𝑢 = (𝑥 + 1)3
2

𝐷𝑥 𝑢 = 3(𝑥 2 + 1)2 (2𝑥) = 6𝑥(𝑥 2 + 1)2

𝐷𝑥 ln(𝑥 2 + 1)3 = 𝐷𝑥 ln 𝑢
1
= 𝐷𝑥 𝑢
𝑢
1
= 2 6𝑥(𝑥 2 + 1)2
(𝑥 + 1)3
6𝑥
= 2
𝑥 +1
 Integral Fungsi Logaritma Asli
1
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ln 𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑥

Contoh 3
Carilah :
1
1. ∫ 3𝑥+2 𝑑𝑥
𝑥
2. ∫ 2𝑥 2 +8 𝑑𝑥
2 ln 𝑥
3. ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥
Penyelesaian:
𝑑𝑢
1. Misal 𝑢 = 3𝑥 + 2 ↔ 𝑑𝑥 = 3
𝑑𝑢 = 3 𝑑𝑥
1 1 1
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 3 𝑑𝑥
3𝑥 + 2 3 3𝑥 + 2
1 1
= ∫ 𝑑𝑢
3 𝑢
1
= ln 𝑢 + 𝑐
3
1
= ln(3𝑥 + 2) + 𝑐
3
2 𝑑𝑢
2. Misal 𝑢 = 2𝑥 + 8 ↔ 𝑑𝑥 = 4𝑥
𝑑𝑢 = 4𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 1 𝑥
∫ 2 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 2 4 𝑑𝑥
2𝑥 + 8 4 2𝑥 + 8
1 1
= ∫ 2 4𝑥 𝑑𝑥
4 2𝑥 + 8
1 1
= ∫ 𝑑𝑢
4 𝑢
 1
=
ln 𝑢 + 𝑐
4
1
= ln(2𝑥 2 + 8) + 𝑐
4
𝑑𝑢 1
3. Misal 𝑢 = ln 𝑥 ↔ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥
1
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
𝑥
2 ln 𝑥 1
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 2 ∫ ln 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 𝑥
= 2 ∫ 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
1
= 2 𝑢2 + 𝑐
2
= 𝑢2 + 𝑐
= (ln 𝑥)2 + 𝑐

Sifat Logaritma Asli

Jika 𝑎 > 0, 𝑏 > 0 dan r bilangan rasional, maka
1. ln 1 = 0
2. ln 𝑎𝑏 = ln 𝑎 + ln 𝑏
𝑎
3. ln 𝑏 = ln 𝑎 − ln 𝑏
4. ln 𝑎𝑟 = 𝑟 ln 𝑎

Contoh 4
𝑑𝑦 𝑥+1
Carilah 𝑑𝑥 jika diketahui 𝑦 = √𝑥 3 !
+4
Penyelesaian:
𝑥+1
𝑦=
√𝑥 3 + 4
𝑥+1
ln 𝑦 = ln
√𝑥 3 + 4
ln 𝑦 = ln(𝑥 + 1) − ln √𝑥 3 + 4
 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
ln 𝑦 = ln(𝑥 + 1) − ln √𝑥 3 + 4
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 1
ln 𝑦 = ln(𝑥 + 1) − ln(𝑥 3 + 4)2
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 1
ln 𝑦 = ln(𝑥 + 1) − ( ln(𝑥 3 + 4))
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2
1 𝑑𝑦 1 𝑑 1 1 𝑑 3
= (𝑥 + 1) − (𝑥 + 4)
𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥 2 𝑥 3 + 4 𝑑𝑥
1 𝑑𝑦 1 1
= − (3𝑥 2 )
𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 + 1 2(𝑥 3 + 4)
1 𝑑𝑦 1 3𝑥 2
= −
𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 + 1 2(𝑥 3 + 4)
𝑑𝑦 1 3𝑥 2
= 𝑦( − )
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 + 1 2(𝑥 3 + 4)

LATIHAN 1
1. 𝐷𝑥 ln(4𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 1)3 = ⋯
ln(𝑥 2 +5)
2. 𝐷𝑥 =⋯
4𝑥−6
3. 𝐷𝑥 ln(𝑥 + 5)4 + 2𝑥 3 − 6 = ⋯
2
4. ∫ 4𝑥−5 𝑑𝑥 = ⋯
2𝑥−1
5. ∫ √2𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = ⋯
−2𝑥+5

B. Fungsi Eksponen

Definisi
Eksponen dari x ditulis 𝑒 𝑥 didefinisikan
oleh
𝑒 𝑥 = 𝑦 ↔ ln 𝑦 = 𝑥
Sifat Fungsi Eksponen
1. 𝑒 𝑎+𝑏 = 𝑒 𝑎 𝑒 𝑏
𝑒𝑎
2. 𝑒 𝑎−𝑏 = 𝑒 𝑏

Turunan Fungsi Eksponen

𝐷𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥
Misal 𝑢 = 𝑔(𝑥)
𝐷𝑥 𝑒 𝑢 = 𝐷𝑥 𝑒 𝑢 𝐷𝑥 𝑢 = 𝑒 𝑢 𝐷𝑥 𝑢

𝑦 = 𝑒𝑥
ln 𝑦 = ln 𝑒 𝑥
ln 𝑦 = 𝑥 ln 𝑒
ln 𝑦 = 𝑥
𝑑 𝑑
ln 𝑦 = 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1 𝑑𝑦
=1
𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
=𝑦
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= 𝑒𝑥
𝑑𝑥

Contoh 1
Carilah 𝐷𝑥 𝑒 √3𝑥+2 !
Penyelesaian:
1
Misal 𝑢 = √3𝑥 + 2 = (3𝑥 + 2)2
1
𝐷𝑥 𝑢 = 𝐷𝑥 (3𝑥 + 2)2
1 1
= (3𝑥 + 2)−2 (3)
2
 3
=
2√3𝑥 + 2
𝐷𝑥 𝑒 √3𝑥+2 = 𝑒 𝑢 𝐷𝑥 𝑢
3
= 𝑒√3𝑥+2
2√3𝑥 + 2
3𝑒√3𝑥+2
=
2√3𝑥 + 2

Integral Fungsi Eksponen

∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑐

Contoh 2
Carilah
1. ∫ 𝑒 4𝑥−2 𝑑𝑥
2
2. ∫ 𝑥𝑒 4𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Penyelesaian:
𝑑𝑢
1. Misal 𝑢 = 4𝑥 − 2 → 𝑑𝑥 = 4
𝑑𝑢 = 4 𝑑𝑥
1
∫ 𝑒 4𝑥−2 𝑑𝑥 =∫ 𝑒 4𝑥−2 4𝑑𝑥
4
1
= ∫ 𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
4
1
= 𝑒𝑢 + 𝑐
4
1
= 𝑒 4𝑥−2 + 𝑐
4
2 𝑑𝑢
2. Misal 𝑢 = 4𝑥 − 2 → 𝑑𝑥 = 8𝑥
𝑑𝑢 = 8𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2 1 2
∫ 𝑥𝑒 4𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 8𝑥𝑒 4𝑥 𝑑𝑥
8
 1
= ∫ 𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
8
1
= 𝑒𝑢 + 𝑐
8
1 2
= 𝑒 4𝑥 + 𝑐
8

LATIHAN 2
2
1. 𝐷𝑥 𝑒 3𝑥 +4𝑥−5 = ⋯
2. 𝐷𝑥 𝑒 4𝑥−3 (𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 1) = ⋯
𝑒 √5𝑥+2
3. 𝐷𝑥 4𝑥 2 +𝑥−5 = ⋯
2 +5
4. ∫ 2𝑥𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ⋯
2 +2𝑥−5
5. ∫(8𝑥 + 4) 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ⋯