CONJUNCTION

Conjunction merupakan kelompok kata yang berfungsi sebagai penghubung antara dua buah bentuk
gramatikal berupa kata (word), frase (phrase), ataupun klausa (clause). Sebutan conjunction kurang
lebih sama padanannya dengan kata penghubung dalam bahasa Indonesia.

Adapun tujuan keberadaan  conjunction atau kata sambung dalam kalimat ialah untuk membentuk
sebuah kalimat yang kompleks dan mengalir sifatnya.

Selain itu dengan menggunakan  conjunction juga dapat menghindarkan terbentuknya kalimat-kalimat

yang pendek dan kurang efektif.

Fungsi dari conjunction:

1. Untuk menghubungkan ide atau tindakan
2. Untuk membuat suatu daftar atau urutan
3. Untuk menghubungkan kelas kata yang mempunyai struktur sama
Jenis-Jenis conjunction:

1. Coordinating Conjunction

Coordinating Conjunction memiliki fungsi utama untuk menghubungkan dua buah klausa dengan
konstruksi yang setara.

Kata Hubung Fungsi Contoh

And Menyatakan gabungan dua unsur atau lebih Jenny is diligent and active
But, However Menyatakan dua hal yang berlwanan I hate fishing, but my brother
likes it
Or Menyatakan pilihan You can watch TV or video
For Menyatakan alasan Jenny was absent for she was
unwell
So Menyatakan sebab akibat Tony did not want to miss the
flight, so he went to the airport
very early

2. Subordinating Conjuction

Subordination Conjunction pada dasarnya adalah kata penghubung yang menggabungkan dua buah
kalimat bertingkat atau yang memiliki derajat yang tidak sama.
 Kata Hubung
Kata hubung urutan waktu After (sesudah)
Before (sebelum)
When (ketika)
While (ketika sedang)
Since (sejak)
Until (hingga)
Kata hubung sebab-akibat Because (karena)
Since (karena)
As (karena)
Kata hubung pertentangan Even though/
Though/Although
(meskipun/ walaupun)
Whereas (sedangkan)
Kata hubung syarat Only if (hanya jika)
Unless (jika…tidak)
3. Correlative Conjunction
Sedangkan Correlative Conjunction  penggunaannya biasa dengan cara berpasangan. Adapun fungsinya
adalah untuk menghubungkan klausa, frase, maupun kata.
Kata Hubung Arti
Both… and … Baik … maupun …
Not only… but also… Tidak hanya … tetapi juga …
Neither… nor… Bukan … maupun … (atau tidak
keduanya)
Contoh
After Ira studies, she goes to sleep.
I had left before my father arrived.
When I was a child, I liked eating chicken
wing.
While I was studying, the phone rang.
I have not meet Tio since he moved to
Jakarta
They stayed here until the rain stopped
Father was angry because I went home
late.
I went to school by bus since my bicycle
was broken.
The boss was very happy as Johnny did
the work very well.
Even though/ Though/Although it rained
heavily, I went to the course.
Father likes coffee, whereas mother does
not.
The students are allowed to leave the class
only if they have done their work.
I will go swimming unless it is cold.
Contoh
I will buy both novel and
magazine.
The building is not only high but
also big.
Neither the students nor the
teachers go to school on
 Sunday.
Either… nor … Salah satunya/ mungkin … atau Either Mum or Dad will pick you
… up at school.

4. Adverbial Conjunction

Jenis kata penghubung yang keempat ialah adverbial conjunction. Kata penghubung Adverbial

Conjunction  ini merupakan adverbial phrase  atau kata keterangan yang fungsinya untuk
menggabungkan ide dalam satu paragraf.

Kata Hubung Fungsi Contoh

In addition (sebagai
tambahannya)
Nonetheless (Namun)
As a result (sebagai hasilnya)
Meanwhile (sementara itu)
Addition (tambahan)
Contrast (pertentangan)
Result (akibat)
Time (waktu)
To appear on a show, a
contestant has to be talented
and a good performer. In
addition, the contestant has to
be extremely bold.
He was scared. Nonetheless, he
decided to open the door.
The warehouse was on fire last
night, as a result, they closed
the shop.
I was cleaning the floor.
Meanwhile, my brother was
watching TV.
Questions
1. The greenhouse effect occurs _______heat radiating from the Sun.
A. when does the Earth’s atmosphere trap
B. does the Earth’s atmosphere trap
C. when the Earth’s atmosphere traps
D. the Earth's atmosphere traps
E. the Earth’s atmosphere trapped

2. It is at the age of approximately eighteen months _____ children begin to make combinations of
two or three words.
A. when many
B. when are many
C. when do many
D. when have many of the
E. when is many

3. How’s your new car?

The speed is excellent but…
A. The acceleration is very smooth
B. The suspension is easily adjustable
C. The maintenance cost is high
D. The air conditioner us comfortably cool
E. Its fuselage is exciting

4. … hundreds of teenagers have been arrested for possessing and consuming narcotics, the
police do not figure out the main supplier yet.
A. Although
B. However
C. In spite of
D. Since
E. Despite

5. How was the interview?

It made me tense and nervous … I believed I will be accepted.
A. And
B. But
 C. Or
D. So
E. As

6. The school provides good facilities; still, many students …

A. Have enjoyed studying here
B. Have her friends join the school
C. Have a great hope from this school have
D. So much to complain about
E. Have been satisfied with them

7. “Why didn’t you wash your car at car-wash service?”

“Due to the crisis, all fares are killing me. Washing the car there is … expensive that I can't afford
it.”
A. Such
B. Very
C. So
D. Such an
E. Very much
8. … Prabu rarely does his vocal rehearsal, he is always one of the best singers in any singing
contest.
A. Whenever
B. Since
C. Because
D. Although
E. If

9. “The last three football match perfor mances of PSSI were disappointing.”
“You’re right … its manager has contacted Guus Hidding, professional coach in football training
for the next competition.”
A. So that
B. In addition
C. Therefore
D. In spite of that
E. Moreover
10. … she can operate the computer. Ratu always ask her assistant to type het manuscripts.
A. Since
B. When
C. Because
D. Whether
E. Although

11. … the price of gold rises sharply, people keep buying it.
A. However
B. Eventhough
C. Nevertheless
D. In spite of
E. On the other hands

12. Pak Hadi : The Usman family is poor. Pak Kasim : We all know it. …, they can send their
children to universities.
A. Despite the fact that they are poor
B. They are poor despite the fact
C. However they are poor
D. They are poor although
E. Because they are poor
13. Many people in the world are against the constructions of nuclear plants in their neighborhood
for fear of accidents that may harm their lives, nevertheless, …
A. Government insists on using nuclear power as alternative energy
B. Most recently established stations are dosed
C. There is no future for nuclear power industry
D. People still prefer various traditional kinds of energy
E. Nuclear energy has many disadvantages over traditional ones

14. Some studies suggest that coffee is a heaIthy food with its abundance of antioxidants, … other
studies highlight the negative side effect of caffeine on our bodies.
A. When
B. Because
C. While
D. Whether
E. Which

15. He does not earn much however, he …

A. Works very hard for it
B. Can afford to make a trip to Europe
C. Is unable to meet his daily necessities
D. Complains about his financial
E. Was careful in spending his money

16. My brother wants to go hiking in the mountains …, my sister prefers to go to the beach.
A. Moreover
B. On the other hand
C. Otherwise
D. Consequently
E. Is spite of

17. … the students were seated, the teacher started the lesson.
A. If
B. When
 C. Until
D. So that
E. Although

18. As I was jogging, a man stopped me and asked for the time.
The above sentence means …
A. l was jogging when the man asked for the time
B. A man asked for the time after I finished jogging
C. While the man and I were jogging, he asked me for the time
D. When a man was jogging, I asked for the time
E. A man asked me for the time when I was about to start jogging

19. She could not finish her study in four years … , she would have been entitled to a scholarship
for further study.
A. However
B. Consequently
C. Otherwise
D. Moreover
E. Nevertheless

20. He said that he had spent all his money on books … , he could have taken his girlfriend to a
good restaurant.
A. Moreover
B. Otherwise
C. Therefore
D. Besides
E. Yet

21. Although there is a vacancy for an experienced receptionist at the Ratna Hotel, I am not
interest in applying for it because the pay is not so good, moreover, …
A. The working condition is quite good
B. It gives incentives to motivate workers
C. There is no promise for advancement
D. There are no job opening at all
E. The pay includes various allowances
22.  I am not sure __________my project will be accepted _________not.
A. neither, nor
B. whether, or
C. either, or
D. both, and
E. not only, but also

23. Do ________ of you have any money I can borrow?

A. Both
B. Nor
C. Either
D. Or
E. Neither

24. _________ I’m feeling happy _________ sad, I try to keep a positive attitude.

A. Either, or

B. Whether, or

C. when, I’m

D. But, also

E. Both, and

25. _________ had I taken my shoes off _________ I found out we had to leave again.

A. no sooner, than

B. rather, than

C. whether, or

D. neither, nor

E. Just as, so

26. ___ Sue ___ Sara will help you with your homework. They are both busy at the moment.
A. neither, nor
B. whether, or
C. either, or
D. both, and
E. not only, but also

27. We were working hard; _________, Jill and Jerry were lounging by the pool.
 A. Meanwhile
B. Instead
C. Therefore
D. Moreover
E. So

28. He is a weak leader; _________, he has plenty of supporters.

A. Otherwise

B. Moreover

C. Nevertheless

D. Hence

E. Thus

29. Our trip to the museum was interesting, _________ there were several new artifacts on display.

A. But

B. For

C. Yet

D. Thus

E. Hence

30. His father believed ___ his son ___ his friend. He thought that both were lying. 

A. neither, nor
B. whether, or
C. either, or
D. both, and
E. not only, but also

31. _________ only is dark chocolate delicious, _________ it can be healthy.

A. Whether, or
B. Either, or
C. Not, but
D. Neither, nor
E. Just as, so

32. _________ I have salad for dinner, _____________________I can have ice cream for dessert.
A. If, then
 B. When, than
C. Whether, or
D. But, also
E. Not, but

33. _________ flowers _________ trees grow during warm weather.

A. not only, or
B. both, and
C. not, but
D. when, then
E. either, or

34. _________ do we enjoy summer vacation, _________ we enjoy winter break.

A. Whether, or
B. Not only, but also
C. Either, or
D. Neither, nor
E. Both, and

35. In this game, you __ win __ lose. It depends on you.

A. neither, nor
B. whether, or
C. either, or
D. both, and
E. not only, but also

36. We had hoped to go to Spain; _________, we ended up in France.

A. Otherwise

B. Instead

C. Again

D. Therefore

E. Moreover

37. I’m afraid of heights, _________ I appreciate the view from the top of this building.

A. And

B. Yet
 C. Nor

D. So

E. Thus

38. Natalie wanted to make pie but didn’t have apples; _________, she decided to bake a cake.

A. Therefore

B. Namely

C. In contrast

D. Nevertheless

E. Despite of

39. ___ you return the money you had stolen ____ I'll call the police.
A. neither, nor
B. whether, or
C. either, or
D. both, and
E. not only, but also

40. I could not get a seat, _________ I came early.

A. As

B. Though

C. When

D. And

E. But

41. We are leaving Wednesday _________ or not it rains.

A. If

B. Whether

C. though

D. Otherwise

E. Nevertheless

42. Pay attention to your work _________ you will not make mistakes.

A. so that

B. unless
 C. or

D. therefore

E. since

43. The musicians delivered a rousing performance _________ they had rehearsed often.

A. Eventhough

B. As

C. Once

D. While

E. For

44. She’s honest _________ everyone trusts her.

A. If

B. So

C. When

D. Until

E. Since

45. She has an incredible voice; _________, she will go far in her music career.

A. Otherwise

B. Undoubtedly

C. Similarly

D. Even though

E. Furthermore

46. Living alone can be difficult … , many single people prefer to live with their family.
A. However
B. Moreover
C. Otherwise
D. Therefore
E. Nevertheless
47. Your glass is empty. … I get you some more fresh water?
A. Shall
B. Will
C. Can
D. Should
E. Shall have

48. You have to be on time; _________, you’ll miss the train.

A. Nonetheless

B. Moreover

C. However

D. Otherwise

E. Although

49. I love the color red; _________, this shade seems a little too bright.

A. Therefore

B. Nonetheless

C. In fact

D. Moreover

E. In spite of
50. I have to go to work at six, _________ I’m waking up at four.
A. But
B. So
C. Yet
D. Thus
E. For