PENDAHULUAN
❖Adanya sumber bahaya di tempat kerja (UU 1/ 1970),
mempengaruhi kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja :
⚫Keadaan Mesin/Pesawat/Alat Kerja/Bahan
⚫Lingkungan Kerja
⚫Sifat Pekerjaan
⚫Cara Kerja
⚫Proses Produksi
❖Perlu ada perlindungan keselamatan dan kesehatan
kerja
❖Kewajiban melaksanakan syarat2 keselamatan kerja
(termasuk syarat2 kesehatan kerja)…psl 3 UU No. 1
tahun 1970
Keselamatan (Safety)
Kesehatan (Health)
Derajat/tingkat keadaan fisik dan psikologi
individu (the degree of physiological and
psychological well being of the individual)
3
1. Safety Hazard 1. Health Hazard
• Mechanic • Physic
• Electric • Chemical
• Kinetic • Biologic
• Substances → Flammable • Ergonomics
→ Explosive Accidental • Psychosocial
→ Combustible release
→ Corrosive
2. Konsekuensi → Minor 2. Konsekuensi
• Accident → Injuries → Mayor • Terpapar → kontak → penyakit
→ Fatal mendadak, menahun, kanker dan
→ Assets → Damage dampak terhadap masyarakat umum
(Prolonged Reaction)
• Mendadak, dramatis, bencana
(Sudden Reaction) 3. Konsentrasi kepedulian
• Environment (bahan • Titik berat pd
3. Konsentrasi kepedulian pencemar) bahaya tersembunyi
• Process • Titik berat pd
• Exposure • Sepertinya kurang
• Equipment, facilities, kerusakan asset,
• Work hours urgent (laten)
tools fatality
• PPE • Prinsip pendekatan
• Working practices • Sepertinya urgen
• Pendidikan • Pengkajian
• Guarding (bahaya mendadak)
• Karir jab. Sesuai kepaparan
• Pengalaman • Prinsip pendekatan
pendidikan • Utk
• Karir lapangan + • Pengkajian resiko
memperkecil
pelatihan • Utk memperkecil
kepapara14n
resiko
PERKEMBANGAN TEORI
1949 : GORDON
1967 : HADDON
1970 : Frank Bird JR
1972 : Wigglesworth
1976 : Bird and Loftus
1978 : Petersen
1980 : Johnson
1985 : Bird and German
5
Logika terjadinya kecelakaan
Setiap kejadian kecelakaan, ada hubungan
mata rantai sebab-akibat (Domino Squen)
BASIC
LACK OF CAUSES INSIDENT
INSIDENT
IMMIDIATE
CONTROL CAUSES L SSES
6
( H.W. HEINRICH, 1931)
ENVIRON
PERSON HAZARD ACCIDENT INJURY
MENT
SOCIAL
ENVIRON FAULT UNSAFE
MENT OF ACT/
PERSON UNSAFE
CONDITIO
N
7
( FRANK BIRD JR, 1970 )
Lack of SYMPTOM
ORIGIN CONTACT Loss
Control
LACK OF
CONTROL BASIC IMMEDIATED
INCIDENT INJURY /
CAUSES CAUSES / ACCIDEN
DAMAGE
8
( ILCI model - Bird & German, 1985 )
Inadequate
Program Personal Substandard Contact People
Factors Acts With
Inadequate Property
Standard Job Substandard Energy or Process
Conditions Substance
Inadequate Factors (Profit)
Compliance
9
LEMAHNYA SEBAB PENYEBAB
INSIDEN KERUGIAN
KONTROL DASAR LANGSUNG
(Kontak)
PROGRAM
TAK SESUAI FAKTOR PERBUATAN <KEJADIAN> KECELAKAAN
PERORANGAN TAK AMAN KONTAK
STANDAR ATAU
& DENGAN
TAK SESUAI FAKTOR ENERGI KERUSAKAN
KONDISI
KERJA TAK AMAN ATAU YANG TAK
KEPATUHAN BAHAN/ ZAT
DIHARAPKAN
PELAKSANAAN
10
LEMAHNYA PENYEBAB PENYEBAB
INSIDEN KERUGIAN
KONTROL DASAR LANGSUNG
KERUGIAN
11
LEMAHNYA PENYEBAB PENYEBAB
INSIDEN KERUGIAN
KONTROL DASAR LANGSUNG
14
LEMAHNYA PENYEBAB PENYEBAB
INSIDEN KERUGIAN
KONTROL DASAR LANGSUNG
□ KEPATUHAN TERHADAP
STANDAR
15
JENJANG KEBUTUHAN MANUSIA
ABRAHAMMASLOW
I PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS
(KEBUTUHAN FISIK)
16
Source : Alvin Alviansyah dalam Introduction of HSE in Oil & Gas Sector
Source : Alvin Alviansyah dalam Introduction of HSE in
Oil & Gas Sector
Source : Alvin Alviansyah dalam Introduction of HSE in
Oil & Gas Sector
Source : Alvin Alviansyah dalam Introduction of HSE in
Oil & Gas Sector
Source : Alvin Alviansyah dalam Introduction of HSE in Oil & Gas Sector
Process Safety Management Element (OSHA)
• PERSONNE
IV SELECT OF
REMEDY
L ADJUST
• PLACEMENT
INSTRUCTION
III ANALYSIS •
•
FREQ. SEVERITY
OPERATION,
CAUSES
TOOLS
II FACT FINDING
SURVEY, INSPT. INVEST
ORGANIZATION
I MGTSUPPORT
SAFT. DIR SAFT. ENG
23
KEPNER - TREGOE
DECISION
CHOOSE
ANALYSIS
POTENTIAL
PROBLEM
PROBLEM
ANALYSIS
ANALYSIS
PROBLEM EXECUTE
MEASURE
24
MANAGEMENT OVERSIGHT RISK TREE (MORT)
BY JOHNSON
DECISION
ANALYSIS ACTION
PROBLEM
MEASUREMENT
25
INSPECTION SYSTEM
INPUT OUTPUT
PROCESS
SELECTED, IMPRO
ANALYSISOFFALL DATALEADSTODISCOVERYOFSYSTEM VE STRENGTHEN WE
WEAKNESS INTHEAREAS OF : CONTROLS MEASURE
RESULTS
COMMUNICATING
• MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES POICY RESPONSI- FREQUENCYRATE
ASSISTS THEM
POLICY, RESPONSIBILITY, ORG. STRUCTURE BILITY SYSTEMS SEFERITYRATE
COACHING
ACCOUNTIBILITY, STAFF &RELATIONSHIPS ACCOUNTIBILITY DOLLAR LOSSES
MONITOR RESULTS
INSPECTIONS INSURANCE RATE
MONITOR EFFORT
• CONTROLS SELECTION
MEASURING
SELCTION &PLACEMENT, PROCEDURES PLACEMENT WEMEASURE
DEFINING RESPONS-
MEASUREMENT, TARINING, INSPECTION TRAINING PERFORMANCE
IBILITY
SUPERVISION
FIXINGACCOUNTI-
• PROCEDURES, STANDARDS, METHODE EDUCATION ACTIVITIES
BILITY
MAINTINING, PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT MOTIVATION TASK COMPLETED
ACC. REPORT &INVESTIGATION MEDICAL TRAINING COMPLTD
CONTROLS OF SPECIFIC EXPOSURE MAINTENANCE
ACC. ANALYSIS ETC.
32
MANAGEMENT CONTROL
SYSTEM (ASSE)
PENGEMBG. PENC
PENGK.
IDENTIFIKASI KEC. & PROSEDUR KOM. INFO
EFEKTIFITAS
MASALAH KEC. PENGENDALIAN PENC. KEC.
RUGI
PENGEND
33
M.C.S. (DAN PATTERSEN)
FILOSOFI KEJADIAN &
PENCEGAHAN KEC.
PENDEKATAN DASAR
PENCEGAHAN KEC.
PENGUMPULAN
DATA