1326 wels dawerila WareliZis aznaur mangasar miqelaZisa da giorgi da

daviT gogotaSvilTa (gogitaSvili) sasisxlo saqmis ganCineba. davis gamrige

darbaiselTa Soris mxeiZec (pirsaxeli ar fiqsirdeba) saxeldeba:
`q. saxeliTa RmrTisaTa, mamisa, ZisaTa, sulisa wmidisaTa SavT,
SarvaSTa, kaxTa, afxazTa, somexT, kaxTa, qarTvelTa yovlisa mpyrobelman
miqael mefisa. omSida moxda es saqme: WareliZesa aznauri miqelaZe
Seakvda mangasar. gogotaSvilsa giorgis da daviTs mazeda didi saqme
mouvida. Semovidnes darbaiselni kaxaberiZe, mxeciZe, sxuani darbaiselni.
dasxnes mouravni, qaTalikozi, sxuani darbaiselni. qnes saglisa mokiTxuli.
TaTarTagan waRebuli qonda. movida misi maxsovari kaci da daifica
onforzeda: ewerao sigelsa miqelaZisa sasisxlo oTxmoci aTasi Zveli
kirmaneuli TeTri, eqvsi aTasi sanaxSire, ori aTasi saxo, meqvse sisxli,
sakoWio daRi eqvsi aTasi. coli Tu vinme gaupatios, naxevari gardauxados;
qali Tu vinme daugdos, sruli sisxli gardauxados. gardauxada sisxli
gogotaSvilman miqelaZesa mangasars. misca rva tani abjari misiTa
mowyobilobiTa, misca Svidi glexi mas, cxeni da xari uTvalavi.
gadauwyvida sasisxlo gogotaSvilman miqelaZes mangasars sasisxlo sigeli
oTxmoci aTasi Zveli TeTri kirmaneuli, eqvsi aTasi sanaxSire, ori aTasi
saigo, daRi eqvsi aTasi, meqvse sisxlis gomi. daiwera qoronikonsa
aToTxmetsa. damiweria qaTalikozsa, mowameca var am ganCenilisa.~
(xelnawerTa erovnuli centri; Hd-14793).

miqel afxaz-imereTis mefe 1325-1326 ww. amtkicebs miqelaZis

(miqelaZe) Zvel sasisxlos 80 aTas Zvel kirmaneuls TeTrs, sanaxSirod 6
aTass. am Tanxis saTvalavSi gogitaSvilma (gogitaSvili) miqelaZes misca
“rva tani abjari misiTa mowyobilobiTa, misca Svidi glexi mas, cxeni da
abjari uTvalavi”. sigelSi moxseniebulia Semdegi gvarebi: WareliZe,
gogotaSvili (gogitaSvili), kaxaberiZe, mxeciZe [e. TayaiSvili, saqarTvelos
siZveleni, wigni II, gv. 33-34]

1909 wels e. TayaiSvilma gamoaqveyna 1326 wliT daTariRebuli erTi

sabuTi, romelic man arqeografiul aRwerilobaSi gansazRvra rogorc
“sigeli sisxlis zRvevisa miqelaZisadmi” (TayaiSvili 1909: 33-34). aRniSnuli
dokumenti s. kakabaZem sasisxlo sigelad miiCnia (kakabaZe 1924:57), rac
gaiziara j. odiSelma (odiSeli 1966: 210). sabuTis dedani ar Semonaxula.
teqstis gamocemisas e. TayaiSvils xelT hqonda ilia nakaSiZis mier etratis
xelnaweridan 1893 wels gadmoRebuli piri (inaxeba xelnawerTa erovnuli
centris dokumentebis fondSi SifriT Hd 14793).
sigelis Sesavali ase ikiTxeba: “q. saxeliTa RmrTisaTa
mamisa ZisaTa sulisa wmidisaTa SavT SarvaSTa kaxTa afxazTa
somexT kaxTa qarTvelTa yovlisa mpyrobelman miqael mefisa omSida
moÃda es saqme WareliZesa aznauri miqelaZe Seakuda mangasar
gogotaSvilsa giorgis da daviTs mazeda didi saqme mouvida” (TayaiSvili
1909: 33).
moyvanili amonaweris mixedviT mTlad naTeli araa, Tu vis Seakvda
aznauri mangasar miqelaZe_ WareliZes Tu gogotaSvilebs.
damnaSave Tu WareliZea, maSin gaugebaria, miqelaZis
mokvlis gamo ratom “mouvida didi saqme” gogotaSvilebs da ratom
daekisraT maT miqelaZis sisxlis sazRauris gadaxda, rogorc amas sigelis
momdevno Txroba iuwyeba. vfiqrob, dokumentis Tavdapirveli teqstis
Cveneba und yofiliyo Semdegi: “WareliZisa aznauri miqelaZe”. sxvagvari
daskvna aralogikuria: rogorc iTqva, miqelaZis mkvleli WareliZe rom
yofiliyo, maSin sazRauris gadaxdac masve daekisreboda. raki sisxlis
fasis gadamxdeli gogotaSvilia, Sesabamisad, mkvlelic is aris.
qarTuli diplomatikis SeswavlisaTvis
 gansaxilvel fragmentSi “miqael mefisa” sityvebis Semdeg e. TayaiSvili
wertils
svams (TayaiSvili 1909:33). amasTan dakavSirebiT j.
odiSeli aRniSnavs, rom gasarkvevia
wertili aq unda davsvaT Tu vigulisxmoT, rom miqelaZe
miqael mefis omSi mokles.
mkvlevari iqve SeniSnavs, bolo SemTxvevaSi gamodis, rom sigeli
mefis gacemuli ar aris
(odiSeli 1966: 211).
eWvgareSea, rom sabuTis gamcemi mefea. amaze calsaxad miuTiTebs
is garemoeba, rom
sigelis TavSi Setanilia mefeTa titulatura. amitom
marTebulia wertili daisvas iq,
sadac Tavis droze dasva e. TayaiSvilma, riTac
sigelis gamcemi mefe miqaelia. es
ukanaskneli mkvlevarTa mier (TayaiSvili 1909:33;
odiSeli 1966:211) erTxmad miCneulia
imerTa mefis, daviT-narinis (1248-1293) umcros Zed, romelic, vaxuSti
batoniSvilis cnobiT,
dasavleT saqarTveloSi mefobda 1327-1329wlebSi
(yauxCiSvili 1973: 801). erTgvar
dabrkolebas qmnis erTwliani sxvaoba sigelis gacemis
TariRsa (1326 w.) da miqaelis
gamefebis vaxuStiseul TariRs (1327 w.) Soris, magram moulodneli
araferia imaSi, rom
vaxuStis miqaelis gamefebis TariRis dadgenaSi erTwliani Secdoma
mosvloda an sulac
 gansaxilveli sabuTis gadamwers qronikonis aRmniSvneli
sityvis gadmoRebaSi daeSva
Secdoma (“aToTxmeti” nacvlad dedniseuli sityvisa “aTxuTmeti”). asea
Tu ise, aRniSnuli
mcire qronologiuri sxvaoba ar iZleva safuZvels uarvyoT sigelSi
mocemuli TariRis
sandooba.
gansaxilveli sabuTi, rogorc iTqva, miCneulia sasisxlo sigelad da is,
rogorc
aseTi, i. javaxiSvilis zogadi mosazrebidan gamomdinare, nayalbevia
(javaxiSvili 1996: 501-
523). mas, iseve, rogorc yvelasasisxlo sigels, srul
ndobas ucxadebs s. kakabaZe
(kakabaZeE 1924: 9-10). j. odiSeli gansaxilvel sabuTs
nayalbev sasisxlo sigelTa rigSi
aTavsebs imis gamo, rom sabuTis zemoT moyvanil fragmentSi
“mefeTa titulatura
damaxinjebulia. “kaxTa”-s gameorebas rom Tavi davaneboT,
“SarvanSahi” da “SahanSa” “kaxTa,
afxazTa, somexT” gverdiT “SavT da SarvaSTad” rom qceulan, eTnikur
saxelebad SeiZleba
miviCnioT. areulia titulaturis TiTqmis uryevi tradiciiT
miRebuli Tanmimdevroba”
(odiSeli 1966: 211).
dRes, rodesac sabuTis mxolod aslia SemorCenili,
Znelia imis garkveva,
aRniSnuli xarvezebi Tavdapirveli teqstis kuTvnilebaa Tu
gviandel gadamwerTa
 Secdomebis nayofi. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT im garemoebas, rom i.
nakaSiZes, savsebiT
mizanmimarTulad, xelnawerebidan asli zedmiwevniT zustad
gadmohqonda, maSin aSkaraa,
rom es xarvezebi ukve iyo mis xelT arsebul etratis xelnawerSi. aqedan
cxadia, rom es
ukanaskneli, Tavis mxriv, sabuTis piri yofila da
ara Tavdapirveli teqsti. amaze
metyvelebs isic, rom Hd-14793 xelnawerSi zedmetad aris
gameorebuli sisxlis fasebi,
agreTve, isic, rom gaurkvevelia damtkiceba _ xelrTva.
vin icis, Cvenamde moRweuli
xelnaweri rigiT meramdene piria sabuTis Tavdapirveli
teqstisa. amis dadgena
praqtikulad SeuZlebelia. aseT viTarebaSilogikuria, rom
dReisaTvis cnobili
xelnaweristeqstobrivi damaxinjebani umal gadamwerTa
Secdomebis nayofad miviCnioT,
vidre Segnebul yalbismqmnelobad. marTlac, Znelia moinaxos amgvari
daniSnulebis
dokumentis falsificirebis motivi.
gansaxilveli sabuTi mefis sasamarTlos mier sasisxlo saqmis garCevis,
miRebuli
gadawyvetilebisa da misi aRsrulebis Sesaxeb mogviTxrobs, rac
aucilebels xdis misi
saxeobrivi kuTvnilebis Sesaxeb samecniero literaturaSi gabatonebuli
mosazrebis
 gadasinjvas. amaSi gvarwmunebs Tavad sabuTis teqsti, romelic aqve
momaqvs xelnawerisa da
gamocemis mixedviT. aRdgena da gasworeba Seexo im adgilebs,
romlebic gamorCenili an
damaxinjebulia xelnawerSi.

1326 w. miqelaZisa da gogotaSvilebis sasisxlo saqmis gadawyvetilobis

sigeli
miqael mefisa

q. saxeliTa RmrTisaTa, mamisa[Ta], ZisaTa, sulisa

wmidisaTa
SahanSa1 da SarvanSa2, kaxTa, afxazTa, somexTa,
kaxTa, qarTvelTa,
yovlisa [aRmosavleTisa da dasavleTisa] mpyrobelisa3 miqael mefisa
[. . . ].
omSida moÃda es saqme: WareliZisa aznauri
miqelaZe Seakuda
mangasar gogotaSvilsa giorgis. [gogotaSvilsa giorgis] da daviTs
mazeda didi saqme mouvida.
Semovidesdarbaiselni: kaxaberiZe, mxeiZe, sxuani
darbaiselni.
dasxnes mouravni, qaTalikozi, sxvani darbaiselni. qnes
siglisa
mokiTxuli. TaTarTagan waRebuli qonda. movida
maxsovari kaci da
 daifica onforzeda, ewerao sigelsa miqelaZisa sasisxlo
oTxmoci
aTasiZveli kirmaneuli TeTri, eqvsi aTasisanaxSire, ori aTasi
sazao4, . . . me(e)qvse[di] sisxli[sa]5 [. . .] sakoWio daRi eqvsi
aTasi;
coli Tu vinme gauupatios, naxevari gardauxados;
gardauÃada sasisxlo gogotaSvilman6miqelaZesa
mangasars.
misca rva tani abjari misiTa mowyobilobiTa; misca Svidi glexi mas,
cxeni da xari uTvalavi. gardauwyvida sasisxlo gogotaSvilman7
miqelaZes mangasars8.
daiwera qronikonsa aToTxmetsa. damiweria qaTalikozsa,
mowameca var am ganCen(i)lisa.
xelrTva (gaurkvevelia).

sigeli sisxlis zRvevisa miqelaZisadmi, dawerili yofila sqel tyavzed, sigZiT xuT naxevar
tkavqlze, ganiT erT cidaze. Cven dedani ara gvaqvs xelSi, aramed piri, zogjer namdvilis
mimsgavsebulaT gadmoRebuli, zogjer gadmowerili 1893 wels. sigeli dawerilia meToTxmete saukunis
mxedrulis xeliT da ekuTvnis 1326 wels. masSi ixsenieba miqael mefe, romelic Cvenis azriT aris mefis
daviT-narinis Ze. es miqael garda qarTlis cxovrebisa (I, 427-448) ixsenieba kidev sinas mTis qarTvelT
monastris aRapebSi, xolo sigelSi misi saxeli pirvelad gvxvdea. bolos xelCarTuli xelis mowera hqonia
xuT sityviT, romelic Cvens aslSi yarandaSiT aris dednis mimsgavsebulaT gadmoRebuli, magram ar
ganirCeva. kaTalikosis saxeli, romelsac sigeli dauweria, moxsenebuli ar aris, xolo unda
igulisxmebodes an abraam an evTimios. sigeli ixseniebs agreTve im drois warCinebulT pirT
kaxaberiZes da mxecisZes. piri gadmoRebulia ilia nakaSiZis mier.
`q. saxeliTa RmrTisaTa, mamisa, ZisaTa, sulisa wmiwdisaTa SavT, marvaSTa, kaxTa,
afxazTa, somesT, kaxTa, qarTvelTa yovlisa mpurobelman miqael mefisa. omSida moxda es saqme:
WareliZesa aznauri miqelaZe Seakuda mangasar. gogotaSvilsa giorgis da daviTs mazeda didi saqme
mouvida. Semovidnes darbaiselni kaxaberiZe, mxeciZe, sxvani darbaaselni, dasxnes mouravni,
qaTalikozi, sxvani darbaiselni, qnes siglisa mokiTxuli. TaTarTagan waRebuli qonda. movida misi
maxsovari kaci da daifica onforzeda: ewerao sigelsa miqelaZisa sasisxlo oTxmoci aTasi Zveli
kirmaneuli TeTri, eqvsi aTasi sanaxSire, ori aTasi saxo, meqvse sisxli, sakoWio daRi eqvsi aTasi. coli
Tu vinme gaumatios, naxevari gardauxados: qali Tu vinme daugdos sruli sisxli gadauxados.
gardauxada gogotaSvilman miqelaZesa mangasars. misca rva tani abjari misiTa mowyobilobiT, misca
Svidi glexi mas, cxeni da xari uTvalavi. gardauwyvida sisxli gogotaSvilman miqelaZesa mangasars
sasixlo sigeli oTxmoci aTasi Zveli TeTri kirmaneuli, eqvsi aTasi sanaxSire, ori aTasi saigo, daRi eqvsi
aTasi, meqvse sisxlis vomi. daiwera qronikonsa aToTxmetsa; damiweria qaTalikozsa, Sowameca var
am ganCenlisa.~
xelCarTuli xelis mowera.

sasisxlo sigeli, rogorc diplomatikuri faqti. rogorc ar unda

warmovadginoT sasisxlo sigelTa namdviloba-natyuarobis
sakiTxi, sasisxlo sigelis rogorc diplomatikuri faqtis realoba
eWvs ar iwvevs. rogorc zemoT iTqva, mkvlevarebi, savsebiT
samarTlianad SeniSnaven: realur cxovrebaSi namdvili
sasisxlo sigeli rom ar arsebuliyo, maSin yalbis Seqmnas azri
ar eqneboda. marTlac, warmoudgenelia, vinmes ecada iseTi
tipis yalbi iuridiuli aqtis Sedgena, rogoric praqtikaSi ar
arsebobda. aseTi teqstis iuridiul Zalas aravin aRiarebda da,
Sesabamisad, misi yalbad Seqmnis motivaciac aravis
gauCndeboda. qarTveli mefeebis mier sasisxlo sigelis, iseve
rogorc sxva saxis iuridiuli aqtebis gacemis praqtika rom ar
arsebuliyo, arc nayalbevi sasisxlo sigeli gaCndeboda, iseve
rogorc ar gaCndeboda, natyuari wyalobis an Sewirulobis
wigni. dReisaTvis cnobili yvela sasisxlo sigeli natyuaric rom
aRmoCndes, es mainc ar uaryofs sasisxlo sigelis, rogorc
diplomatikuri faqtis realobas _ piriqiT, adasturebs mas.
sasisxlo sigeli rom realur cxovrebaSi arsebobda amas
mowmobs sasamarTlo praqtika. mosamarTleebi mxareTa
sisxlis fasis odenobis dasadgenad uyoymanod iyenebdnen
sasisxlo sigels, Tu, ra Tqma unda, is gaaCda sasamarTlo
procesis monawile mxares. movitanT Sesabamis cnobebs
sasisxlo sigelebis Tanadrouli (XIV - XVII ss.) dokumentebidan.
 1326 w. miqael mefis mier gacemuli miqelaZisa da
gogotiSvilebis sasisxlo saqmis gardawyvedilobis sigeli
gvauwyebs, rom `omSida aznauri miqelaZe mangasar
Seakuda gogotiSvilsa giorgis~. mefem saqmis
gansaxilvelad bWeebi `dasxnes~, romlebmac miqelaZis
sasisxlo sigeli moikiTxes, magram aRmoCnda, rom
miqelaZeebis sigeli `TaTrTagan waRebuli~ yofila. maSin
bWeebma `maxsovari kacis~ ficiT micemuli Cvenebis
safuZvelze daadgines, rom miqelaZis dakargul sasisxlo
sigelSi `ewerao sasisxlo oTxmoci aTasi Zveli kirmaneuli
TeTri~. bWeebma damnaSaveze dakisrebuli sazRauris
dadgenisas amiT ixelmZRvaneles.