MATRIKULASI Etika Profesi

Bagian 1: Dampak Solusi

Keteknikan
Teguh Prakoso, Ph.D.
Departemen Teknik Elektro
10 Januari – 4 Februari 2022
PENGANTAR
Pemantik Diskusi
 Pelajaran
• Solusi/aktivitas keteknikan bisa memberikan
dampak positif maupun negatif terhadap
sosial, budaya, & lingkungan.
• Perlu analisis yang komprehensif untuk dapat
melihat dampak secara menyeluruh.
• Alat yang bisa digunakan:
– Life cycle assessment
– Risk analysis
Kompetensi Insinyur
 PSSTE Undip: CPL ke PPM

9. Mempunyai kemampuan 2. Taat terhadap kode

bertanggung jawab secara
mandiri atas pekerjaannya etik profesi dan
dan menunjukkan ketaatan
terhadap etika profesi dalam
3-5 tahun berperilaku yang
akuntabel secara
setiap permasalahan
keteknikan. profesional.

Capaian Berkiprah di
Profil
Pembelajaran profesi →
Profesional
Lulusan (CPL) Lulus GROWTH
Mandiri (PPM)
 Capaian Pembelajaran
1. Mahasiswa mampu mengenali dan
menangani dampak sosial, budaya, dan
lingkungan dari aktivitas kerekayasaan
kompleks.
2. Mahasiswa dapat membuat keputusan
secara terstruktur dan masuk akal terhadap
dilema etika yang terdapat dalam kasus yang
diberikan.
Jadwal Matrikulasi
 Agenda Bagian 1
1. Life cycle analysis
2. Analisis risiko
3. Latihan (contoh kasus)
4. UTS
Kuliah ke-1:

LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS/ASSESSMENT

(LCA)
 Life Cycle Analysis/Assessment
(LCA)

Life cycle assessment is a

technique to quantify the
environmental impacts linked to
the complete life cycle of a
Wouter Achten, Jean Hugé, Pascale Caes and Claude Croizer,”
product or a function Sustainability assessment, KLIMOS seminar Feb 3rd, 2017.
 Defining system
boundaries for E85
Raw Material Production Use
Acquisition Stage Stage
Stage

Blendstock
Crude Oil Bulk Terminal
Gasoline
Extraction Storage
Refining

Vehicle
Refueling
Station

EtOH Bulk Terminal

Corn Growing
Production Storage
Vehicle
Operation
 LCIA usually models to midpoints
(unlike Risk Assessment)
Emissions (CFCs, Halons)

Chemical reaction releases Cl- and Br-

Cl-, Br- destroys ozone

MIDPOINT measures ozone depletion potential (ODP)

Less ozone allows increased UVB radiation

which leads to following ENDPOINTS

skin cancer
cataracts

crop damage marine life damage

immune system suppression damage to materials like plastics

 Contoh Analisis PLTS Grid

Yanru Pu, Peng Wang, Yuyi Wang, Wenhui Qiao, Lu Wang, Yuhu Zhang,
“Environmental effects evaluation of photovoltaic power industry in China on life
cycle assessment,” Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume 278, 2021,
 Carbon emission sources of photovoltaic
power industry from life-cycle

Yanru Pu, Peng Wang, Yuyi Wang, Wenhui Qiao, Lu Wang, Yuhu Zhang,
“Environmental effects evaluation of photovoltaic power industry in China on life
cycle assessment,” Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume 278, 2021,
 LCA applied to photovoltaic panels

Michela Vellini, Marco Gambini, Valentina Prattella, “Environmental impacts of PV technology

throughout the life cycle: Importance of the end-of-life management for Si-panels and CdTe-panels,”
Energy, Volume 138, 2017.
 The production process of mc-
silicon panel (mass balance).

Michela Vellini, Marco Gambini, Valentina Prattella, “Environmental impacts of PV technology

throughout the life cycle: Importance of the end-of-life management for Si-panels and CdTe-panels,”
Energy, Volume 138, 2017.
 Life cycle of a Si-panel

Michela Vellini, Marco Gambini, Valentina Prattella, “Environmental impacts of PV technology

throughout the life cycle: Importance of the end-of-life management for Si-panels and CdTe-panels,”
Energy, Volume 138, 2017.
 Life cycle of a Si-panel

Michela Vellini, Marco Gambini, Valentina Prattella, “Environmental impacts of PV technology

throughout the life cycle: Importance of the end-of-life management for Si-panels and CdTe-panels,”
Energy, Volume 138, 2017.
 Summary of environmental effects

Mahesh Kumar, “Social, Economic, and Environmental Impacts of Renewable Energy Resources,” in Wind Solar Hybrid
Renewable Energy System, Intechopen, 2020.
 Social impacts assessment for different
renewable energy sources [7] (MK)

Mahesh Kumar, “Social, Economic, and Environmental Impacts of Renewable Energy

Resources,” in Wind Solar Hybrid Renewable Energy System, Intechopen, 2020.
Swapnil Dubey, Nilesh Y. Jadhav, BetkaZakirova,”
Socio-Economic and Environmental Impacts of
Silicon Based Photovoltaic (PV) Technologies,”
Energy Procedia, Volume 33, 2013
 Ikhtisar
• Life Cycle Assessment/Analysis (LCA) yang dibahas di
kuliah ini ditujukan agar Anda mampu mengenali dan
menaksir dampak aktivitas & solusi keteknikan
(setidaknya) dalam tiga aspek: sosial, ekonomi,
lingkungan.
• Setelah itu, diharapkan Anda mampu menimbang risiko
setiap dampak sehingga dapat menilai signifikansinya.
• Akhirnya, Anda mampu
– Memilih skema aktivitas dan solusi yang dampaknya masih
bisa diterima.
– Menentukan skema mitigasi risiko.
Kuliah ke-2:

PENGELOLAAN RISIKO
 What Is Risk Analysis?
• Risk Analysis is a process that helps you to identify and
manage potential problems that could undermine key
business initiatives or projects. However, it can also be
applied to other projects outside of business, such as
organizing events or even buying a home!
• To carry out a Risk Analysis, you must first identify the
possible threats that you face, then estimate their likely
impacts if they were to happen, and finally estimate the
likelihood that these threats will materialize.
• Risk Analysis can be complex, as you'll need to draw on
detailed information such as project plans, financial data,
security protocols, marketing forecasts, and other relevant
information. However, it's an essential planning tool, and
one that could save time, money, and reputations.
 1. Identify Threats
• The first step in Risk Analysis is to identify the existing and possible threats that you
might face. These can come from many different sources. For instance, they could be:
• Human – Illness, death, injury, or other loss of a key individual.
• Operational – Disruption to supplies and operations, loss of access to essential assets,
or failures in distribution.
• Reputational – Loss of customer or employee confidence, or damage to market
reputation.
• Procedural – Failures of accountability, internal systems, or controls, or from fraud.
• Project – Going over budget, taking too long on key tasks, or experiencing issues with
product or service quality.
• Financial – Business failure, stock market fluctuations, interest rate changes, or non-
availability of funding.
• Technical – Advances in technology, or from technical failure.
• Natural – Weather, natural disasters, or disease.
• Political – Changes in tax, public opinion, government policy, or foreign influence.
• Structural – Dangerous chemicals, poor lighting, falling boxes, or any situation where
staff, products, or technology can be harmed.
 When to Use Risk Analysis
• When you're planning projects, to help you to
anticipate and neutralize possible problems.
• When you're deciding whether or not to move forward
with a project.
• When you're improving safety and managing potential
risks in the workplace.
• When you're preparing for events such as equipment
or technology failure, theft, staff sickness, or natural
disasters.
• When you're planning for changes in your
environment, such as new competitors coming into the
market, or changes to government policy.

https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newTMC_07.htm
 Risk Management: Fundamental Steps

https://www.mitre.org/publications/systems-engineering-guide/acquisition-systems-
engineering/risk-management/risk-impact-assessment-and-prioritization
 1. Identifikasi Risiko
• Aktivitas dan solusi keteknikan dianalisis daur
hidupnya dalam aspek:
– Sosial
– Ekonomi
– Lingkungan
• Untuk mengetahui dampak yang ditimbulkan
• Sudah dibahas di kuliah terdahulu tentang life
cycle analysis (LCA).
https://www.mitre.org/sites/default/files/publications/se-guide-book-interactive.pdf
 2. Penilaian Risiko Setiap Dampak
• Once you've identified the threats you're facing, you need to calculate
both the likelihood of these threats being realized, and their possible
impact.
• One way of doing this is to make your best estimate of the probability of
the event occurring, and then to multiply this by the amount it will cost
you to set things right if it happens. This gives you a value for the risk:
• Risk Value = Probability of Event x Cost of Event
• As a simple example, imagine that you've identified a risk that your rent
may increase substantially.
• You think that there's an 80 percent chance of this happening within the
next year, because your landlord has recently increased rents for other
businesses. If this happens, it will cost your business an extra $500,000
over the next year.
• So the risk value of the rent increase is:
• 0.80 (Probability of Event) x $500,000 (Cost of Event) = $400,000 (Risk
Value)

https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newTMC_07.htm
https://www.south32.net/docs/default-source/gemco/draft-environmental-impact-statement-2015/4-environmental-risk-assessment.pdf
https://www.south32.net/docs/default-source/gemco/draft-environmental-impact-statement-
2015/4-environmental-risk-assessment.pdf
https://www.south32.net/docs/default-source/gemco/draft-environmental-impact-statement-
2015/4-environmental-risk-assessment.pdf
 3. Mengelola Risiko
• Avoid the Risk
– In some cases, you may want to avoid the risk altogether. This could
mean not getting involved in a business venture, passing on a project,
or skipping a high-risk activity. This is a good option when taking the
risk involves no advantage to your organization, or when the cost of
addressing the effects is not worthwhile.
– Remember that when you avoid a potential risk entirely, you might
miss out on an opportunity. Conduct a "What If?" Analysis to explore
your options when making your decision.
• Share the Risk
– You could also opt to share the risk – and the potential gain – with
other people, teams, organizations, or third parties.
– For instance, you share risk when you insure your office building and
your inventory with a third-party insurance company, or when you
partner with another organization in a joint product development
initiative.

https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newTMC_07.htm
 Accept the Risk
• Your last option is to accept the risk. This option is usually best
when there's nothing you can do to prevent or mitigate a risk, when
the potential loss is less than the cost of insuring against the risk, or
when the potential gain is worth accepting the risk.
• For example, you might accept the risk of a project launching late if
the potential sales will still cover your costs.
• Before you decide to accept a risk, conduct an Impact Analysis
• to see the full consequences of the risk. You may not be able to do
anything about the risk itself, but you can likely come up with a
contingency planto cope with its consequences.
• However, it's important to bear in mind that everyone's definition
of "acceptable risk" is different, so be sure to communicate with
others before you make a decision, and use tools like the Prospect
Theory to predict people's different reactions to risk.

https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newTMC_07.htm
 Control the Risk
• If you choose to accept the risk, there are a number of ways in
which you can reduce its impact.
• Business Experiments are an effective way to reduce risk. They
involve rolling out the high-risk activity but on a small scale, and in a
controlled way. You can use experiments to observe where
problems occur, and to find ways to introduce preventative and
detective actions before you introduce the activity on a larger scale.
• Preventative action involves aiming to prevent a high-risk situation
from happening. It includes health and safety training, firewall
protection on corporate servers, and cross-training your team.
• Detective action involves identifying the points in a process where
something could go wrong, and then putting steps in place to fix
the problems promptly if they occur. Detective actions include
double-checking finance reports, conducting safety testing before a
product is released, or installing sensors to detect product defects.

https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newTMC_07.htm
https://www.mitre.org/
sites/default/files/publi
cations/se-guide-
book-interactive.pdf
Manajemen Risiko
COVID19

• Penerapan Protokol

PROKES
Kesehatan ditujukan untuk
mengurangi kemungkinan
masuknya virus ke saluran Mitre.
pernapasan kita. org
• Vaksinasi dimaksudkan
untuk mengurangi derajat
keparahan yang dialami
pasien ketika terinfeksi virus.

Vaksinasi

Semarang, 29 Juni 2021/ Matrikulasi Etika Profesi

teguhprakoso@elektro.undip.ac.id
https://www.south32.net/docs/default-source/gemco/draft-environmental-impact-statement-
2015/4-environmental-risk-assessment.pdf
https://www.south32.net/docs/default-source/gemco/draft-environmental-impact-statement-
2015/4-environmental-risk-assessment.pdf
https://www.south32.net/docs/default-source/gemco/draft-environmental-impact-statement-
2015/4-environmental-risk-assessment.pdf
https://www.south32.net/docs/default-source/gemco/draft-environmental-impact-statement-
2015/4-environmental-risk-assessment.pdf
https://www.south32.net/docs/default-source/gemco/draft-environmental-impact-statement-
2015/4-environmental-risk-assessment.pdf
ALTERNATIF LAIN
https://eisdocs.dsdip.qld.gov.au/Port%20of%20Gladstone%20Western%20
Basin%20Dredging/EIS/19-environmental-management-plan.pdf
https://eisdocs.dsdip.qld.gov.au/Port%20of%20Gladstone%20Western%20Basin%20Dredging/EIS/19-
environmental-management-plan.pdf
https://eisdocs.dsdip.qld.gov.au/Port%20of%20Gladstone%20Western%20Basin%20Dredging/EIS/19-
environmental-management-plan.pdf
https://eisdocs.dsdip.qld.gov.au/Port%20of%20Gladstone%20Western%20Basin%20Dredging/EIS/19-
environmental-management-plan.pdf
 Penilaian
• Kuis
• Studi Kasus
• Ujian

• Akan diumumkan di MS TEAMS.