Animal Ecology

Animal ecology is the study of how animals interact with their

environment. In this presentation, we will explore different aspects of
animal ecology.

Ekologi hewan adalah studi tentang hubungan hewan dengan

lingkungannya, termasuk makanan, habitat, dan interaksi dengan spesies
lain.

by Mohamad Fajar Farid

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RUANG LINGKUP EKOLOGI HEWAN

EKOLOGI HEWAN EKOLOGI TUMBUHAN

ORGANISASI KEHIDUPAN, RANTAI MAKANAN, INTERAKSI HEWAN DAN

LINGKUNGAN, SUMBER DAYA, PEN
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RUANG LINGKUP EKOLOGI HEWAN

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DEFINISI DAN ISTILAH DALAM EKOLOGI
HEWAN
Ekologi : oikos berarti ‘’rumah’’ atau ‘’tempat untuk hidup’’ dan logos berarti ‘’ilmu’’.
Ekologi : Pengkajian hubungan organisme’’ atau kelompok’’ organisme terhadap
lingkungannya – Ilmu hubungan timbal balik antara organisme’’ hidup dan lingkungannya

Ekosistem: Interaksi Biotik Abiotik

- Biotik: Produsen, Konsumen, Dekomposer
- Abiotik: Suhu, Cahaya, Tanah, Air, Kelembapan, Angin, Garam garam mineral,
Topografi
- Interaksi: Kompetisi, Predasi, Simbiosis
Rantai Makanan:
Jaring-jaring Makanan:
Aliran Energi:
Piramida Ekologi:
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EKOSISTEM
“Hubungan timbal balik (Interaksi) organisme’’ hidup dengan lingkungannya”

BIOTIK

Produsen Konsumen Dekomposer

Herbivore Carnivore Omnivore
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EKOSISTEM
“Hubungan timbal balik (Interaksi) organisme’’ hidup dengan lingkungannya”

ABIOTIK

Suhu Tanah Air Angin Topografi

Garam - garam Mineral
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EKOSISTEM
“Hubungan timbal balik (Interaksi) organisme’’ hidup dengan lingkungannya”

INTERAKSI

Predasi:
Kompetisi:
- Kompetisi Interspesies
- Kompetisi Intraspesies
Simbiosis:
- Simbiosis Mutualisme
- Simbiosis Komensalisme
- Simbiosis Parasitisme
Ecosystems and Habitats

Corals and Reefs Tropical Rainforests Arctic and Antarctic

Coral reefs are one of the
most diverse ecosystems on
Earth, providing unique
habitats for many marine
species.
Tropical rainforests are home
to some of the most amazing
and diverse animal species.
Each layer of the forest
provides different habitats for
animals.
Polar regions are harsh
environments, but they are
home to some of the most
adapted and interesting
species on our planet, such as
the polar bear.

Savannahs

Savannahs are grasslands that

support large numbers of
grazing animals. They are also
home to predators such as
cheetahs and lions.
Makanan dan Habitat Hewan
Makanan 🍴 Habitat 🏡
• Hewan karnivora • Hutan

• Hewan herbivora • Laut dan Pantai

• Hewan omnivora • Sawah dan Ladang
Life Histories and Behaviors

1 Migration

Many animal species migrate long distances to find food and breeding grounds, some
traveling thousands of miles each year.

2 Social Behaviors

Animals exhibit many interesting social behaviors, such as mating rituals,

communication, and cooperation.

3 Reproduction

Reproduction strategies vary greatly among animal species, from asexual reproduction
in simple organisms to complex courtship behaviors and parental care in mammals.

4 Life Cycles

Animal life cycles can be simple or complex, from a single-celled organism to a multi-
stage metamorphosis like that of a butterfly.
Population Dynamics and Distribution
Population Growth
Animal populations can
grow or decline depending
on various factors such as
predation, food availability,
disease, and human
activities.
Range Distribution
Animal species occur all
over the world but their
distribution is not random.
Factors like climate,
geography, and
competition with other
species can impact their
range.
Endangered Species
Many animal species are at
risk of extinction due to
habitat loss, hunting, and
climate change.
Conservation efforts are
essential to protect these
species and their
ecosystem.
Perbedaan Antara Ekologi
Hewan dan Zoologi
1 Ekologi Hewan 🌿

Studi tentang hubungan hewan dengan lingkungannya, termasuk

pengaruh faktor lingkungan pada hewan.

2 Zoologi 🐾

Studi tentang hewan secara keseluruhan, termasuk struktur,

fungsi, dan perilaku.
Studi Kasus Ekologi Hewan di Indonesia

Komodo Orangutan Tarsius

Komodo ditemukan hanya di Orangutan adalah satwa Tarsius adalah primata

Indonesia. Mereka memainkan
peran penting dalam
mengontrol populasi hewan di
Taman Nasional Komodo.
endemik di Indonesia. Mereka
membantu menyebarkan benih
pohon dan mempertahankan
keanekaragaman hayati di
hutan.
nocturnal asli Sulawesi.
Mereka merupakan indikator
kesehatan ekosistem dan
penting bagi kelestarian hutan.
Peran Ekologi Hewan dalam Lingkungan
Memecah Bahan Organik 🍂
Beberapa hewan berfungsi sebagai
penyebar benih dan bahan organik,
membantu membentuk dan
memelihara habitat.
1 Memberikan Makanan 🍎
Hewan berfungsi sebagai polinator
atau pemakan tumbuhan, mengatur
2 populasi serangga dan hama, serta
memasok makanan bagi manusia.
3 Menjaga Keseimbangan 🔥
Hewan membantu menjaga
keseimbangan ekosistem dan
mencegah kerusakan lingkungan.
Ancaman terhadap Ekologi Hewan
Perusakan Habitat Perburuan Ilegal 🎯 Perubahan Iklim 🌡️

Perubahan lingkungan dan Banyak hewan diburu untuk Perubahan iklim global
hilangnya habitat diambil daging, tulang, mempengaruhi distribusi,
menyebabkan banyak tanduk, atau bulu mereka. kebiasaan makan, dan
hewan terancam punah. tingkah laku hewan.
Pentingnya Pengawetan Ekologi Hewan

Ekowisata Konservasi Penegakan Hukum

Ekowisata memberikan Konservasi hewan membantu Penegakan hukum yang lebih

kesempatan untuk melihat mempertahankan populasi dan
hewan secara dekat sambil habitat mereka, serta
juga membantu mengawetkan membantu meningkatkan
habitat mereka. kesadaran global tentang
pentingnya ekologi hewan.
ketat terhadap perburuan ilegal
dapat membantu melindungi
spesies yang terancam punah.
Conservation Challenges and
Solutions
Solutions

Efforts to conserve animal species and habitats can take many

forms, such as habitat restoration, captive breeding programs,
and eco-tourism that promotes conservation awareness and
provides economic benefits.

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Challenges

Conservation of animal species and their habitats can be

challenging due to many factors, such as lack of funding,
resistance from local communities, and difficulty in monitoring
wildlife populations.
Examples of current Animal Ecology
Research
Whale Sharks
Research on whale sharks, the
world's largest fish, is helping
scientists understand their
behavior and habitat needs,
and develop conservation
plans to protect these gentle
giants.
Avian Migration
Studying bird migration has
revealed many fascinating
insights into the factors that
drive this behavior, including
the role of genetics, magnetic
fields, and climate change.
Wolves in Yellowstone
Reintroduction of wolves to
Yellowstone National Park in
the 1990s has had far-reaching
impacts on the ecological
dynamics of the park, including
changes in vegetation,
waterways, and other animal
populations.
Conclusion and Future
Directions
Animal ecology is a diverse and exciting field that encompasses many
different aspects of animal life, from their behavior and habitat needs to
their conservation and management. As we face a changing climate and
other global challenges, the study of animal ecology will become
increasingly important for understanding and safeguarding our planet's
biodiversity.