BAHAN AJAR

Intensive Speaking
Kode Mata Kuliah: 20P01455
Bobot: 2 sks

JURUSAN BAHASA DAN SASTRA INGGRIS

FAKULTAS BAHASA DAN SENI
UNIVERSITAS NEGERI SEMARANG
2022
 VERIFIKASI BAHAN AJAR

Pada hari ini Selasa tanggal 10 bulan Agustus tahun 2022 Bahan Ajar Mata Kuliah Intensive Speaking
Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Fakultas Bahasa dan Seni telah diverifikasi oleh Ketua
Jurusan/ Ketua Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris.

Semarang, 10 Agustus 2022

Ketua Prodi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Tim Penulis

Widhiyanto, S.Pd., M.Pd., Ph.D Girindra Putri Dewi S., S.Pd., M.A.
NIP. 197309052005011001 NIP. 199008192019032023
 PRAKATA

Sebagai upaya mempermudah mahasiswa dalam memahami materi

terkait kemampuan berbicara dalam Bahasa Inggris, Handout ini hadir
dalam Bahasa yang mudah dipahami mahaiswa. Selain itu, handout
ini juga dilengkapi dengan beberapa latihan yang dapat membantu
mahasiswa memahami materi dengan baik serta mengaplikasikan
pengetahuan yang mereka dapatkan secara langsung. Handout ini
digunakan sebagai acuan dalam pembelajaran di kelas. Untuk
penambahan dari sumber lain, dapat disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan
pengajar.
 DESKRIPSI MATA KULIAH
Acquiring the ability of developing lexical items by identifying and using various English
expressions, idioms and proverbs: the idiomatic expressions include those developed from
the allocation of preposition, noun, adjective, verb as well as the combination of these features
and acknowledging the aspect of punctuality and politeness in communication.
 DAFTAR ISI

PRAKATA

DESKRIPSI MATA KULIAH

UNIT 1. Greetings and Socializing

UNIT 2. Describing person
UNIT 3. Describing places
UNIT 4. Expressing Likes and Dislikes
UNIT 5. Offering Choices and Expressing Preferences
UNIT 6. Making Orders and Requests
UNIT 7. Reporting Past Events
UNIT 8. Giving Suggestions and Recommendations
UNIT 9. Expressing Wishes
UNIT 10. Presenting Future Plan
 UNIT I
Indicators:
1. Cognitive Aspect Explaining the speaking skills to express greetings
2. Process Aspect: Gaining the material in speaking to express greeting
3. Skill Aspect: Practicing speaking skills to express greetings in daily routines
4. Affective aspect: Having a creative and tolerable thinking to be able to use the
expression politely

Greetings
Expressions of Informal and Formal Greetings

Dialogue Example:

James: Good morning, Professor Austin. How are you doing?

Professor Austin: Good morning, James. I am doing well. And you?

James: I’m great, thank you. This is my friend Emma. She is thinking about
applying to this college. She has a few questions. Would you mind telling us about
the process, please?

Professor Austin: Hello, Emma! It’s a pleasure to meet you. I’m more than happy
to speak with you. Please stop by my office next week.

Emma: It’s a pleasure to meet you, professor. Thank you so much for helping us.

Professor Austin: Don’t mention it. Hopefully, I will be able to answer your
questions!
Language notes

• The greetings good morning/good afternoon/good evening are used at

different times of the day to greet people. “Good evening” is often used after 6
p.m. or generally when the sun has set.

• “Good night” is not a greeting: It is used when leaving a place or group of

people. Thank you and good night!/Good night, and see you tomorrow.

• When people meet in the United States, it is customary for them to shake hands.
A handshake should be firm and usually lasts for about two to three seconds —
which allows enough time to say “Nice to meet you.”

• “Don’t mention it” is another way of saying “You’re welcome.” The phrase “You
are welcome” is more formal. However, responses such as Don’t mention it/No
problem/Happy to help are informal ways of responding to a thank you.

Common English Greetings and Expressions

English-speaking people usually greet each other in an informal way, so you can
use these common conversational greetings for friends, family, as well as people
you meet in casual settings.

1. Hey, Hey man, or Hi

You can use “hey” and “hi” to greet someone instead of “hello”. Both are particularly
popular among younger people. While “hi” is appropriate to use in any casual
situation, “hey” is for people who have already met. If you say “hey” to a stranger,
it might be confusing for that person because he or she will try to remember when
you met before! You can also add “man” to the end of “hey” when greeting males.
Some people also use “hey man” to casually greet younger women, but only do
this if you know the woman very well. Remember that “hey” doesn’t always mean
“hello”. “Hey” can also be used to call for someone’s attention.

2. How’s it going? or How are you doing?

These are casual ways of asking “how are you?” If you’re trying to be particularly
polite, stick with “how are you?” but otherwise, you can use these expressions to
greet almost anyone. The word “going” is usually shortened, so it sounds more
like “go-in”. You can answer with “it’s going well” or “I’m doing well” depending on
the question. Although it’s not grammatically correct, most people just answer
“good” – and you can too. Like when responding to “how are you?” you can also
follow your answer by asking “and you?”.

3. What’s up?, What’s new?, or What’s going on?

These are some other informal ways of asking “how are you?” which are typically
used to casually greet someone you have met before. Most people answer with
“nothing” or “not much”. Or, if it feels right to make small talk, you could also briefly
describe anything new or interesting that’s going on in your life, before asking “what
about you?” to continue the conversation.

4. How’s everything ?, How are things?, or How’s life?

These are some other common ways of asking “how are you?” They can be used
to casually greet anyone, but most often they’re used to greet someone you already
know. To these, you can answer “good” or “not bad”. Again, if small talk feels
appropriate, you could also briefly share any interesting news about your life, and
then ask the person “what about you?” or another greeting question.

5. How’s your day? or How’s your day going?

These questions mean “how are you?” not just right now, but how you’ve been all
day. You would use these greetings later in the day and with someone you see
regularly. For example, you might ask a co-worker one of these questions in the
afternoon, or a cashier that you see at the grocery store every evening. “It’s going
well” is the grammatically correct response, but many people simply answer with
“fine”, “good” or “alright”. By the way, notice that “good”, “fine” or “not bad” are
perfect answers to almost any greeting question.

6. Good to see you or Nice to see you

These casual greetings are used with friends, co-workers or family members that
you haven’t seen in a while. It’s common for close friends to hug when they greet
each other, particularly if they haven’t seen each other in some time; so you might
use this greeting along with a hug or handshake depending on your relationship
with the person.

7. Long time no see or It’s been a while

These casual greetings are used when you haven’t seen someone in a long time,
particularly if you meet that person unexpectedly. How much is a long time? It
depends on how often you normally see that person. For example, you could use
one of these greetings if you normally see the person every week, but then don’t
see them for a few months or more. Usually, these phrases are followed with a
question like “how are you”, “how have you been?” or “what’s new?”

Business Greetings and Formal Greetings

It’s best to begin by using formal greetings in most business situations, and then
listen to how your co-workers or business partners greet you. It’s a good idea to
wait until someone speaks casually with you before you speak casually with them.
You may find that people will begin to use casual greetings with you over time, as
you get to know each other better. Formal greetings are also used when you meet
older people.

8. Good morning, Good afternoon, or Good evening

These are formal ways of saying “hello”, which change depending on the time of
day. Keep in mind that “good night” is only used to say “good bye”, so if you meet
someone late in the day, remember to greet them with “good evening”, rather than
“good night”. Good morning can be made more casual by simply saying
“morning”. You can also use “afternoon” or “evening” as informal greetings, but
these are less commonly used.

9. It’s nice to meet you or Pleased to meet you

These greetings are formal and polite. If you say this to someone when you meet
him or her for the first time, it will make you seem courteous. Remember to only
use these greetings the first time you meet someone. Next time you see the person
you can show that you remember him or her by saying “it’s nice to see you again”.

10. How have you been?

This greeting question is only asked by people who have already met. If someone
asks you “how have you been?” they want to know if you have been well since the
last time the two of you met.

11. How do you do?

This greeting is VERY formal, and quite uncommon, but it may still be used by
some older people. The proper response is “I’m doing well” or, as strange as it
seems, some people even ask “how do you do?” right back as an answer.

Slang English Greetings

Slang greetings are extremely informal, and should only be used with people that
you know very well, and feel very comfortable with. Keep in mind that a lot of slang
is regional, and using Australian slang, for example, in America can sound quite
strange. You’ll need to learn the local slang wherever you are, but these common
examples will help you get started.

12. Yo!

This extremely informal greeting is common in America. It comes from 1990’s hip-
hop slang and these days it’s often used jokingly. This greeting should only be
used with very close friends, and never in a business setting.
13. Are you OK?, You alright?, or Alright mate?

This casual way of asking both “hello” and “how are you” is common in Britain. You
can respond “yeah, fine”, or simply “alright”.

14. Howdy!

This is a very informal abbreviation of “how do you do?” that is common in certain
parts of Canada and the U.S. Keep in mind that if you say “howdy” outside of these
regions, you will sound like a cowboy, and it might make the other person laugh.

15. Sup? or Whazzup?

These greetings are abbreviations of “what’s up?” which are common among
teenagers. Like with “what’s up?” you can answer “nothing” or “not much”.

16. G’day mate!

This casual greeting is an Australian abbreviation of “good day”. Keep in mind that
Australian greetings often use “ya” instead of “you”. So “how are ya?” is the same
as “how are you?”, and “how are ya going?” is basically the same as “how’s it
going?” or “how are you doing?”

17. Hiya!

This greeting, short for “how are you?”, is commonly used in certain parts of
England. However, you don’t need to actually answer this question – you can just
say “hey!” right back. I hope you enjoy trying out these new English greetings.
You’ll find that greeting people in different ways will help your English sound more
natural, and it might even make English greetings more fun and interesting for you.
 UNIT 2
Indicators:
1. Cognitive Aspect: Explaining the skill to socialize oneself to others.
2. Process Aspect: Gaining the material about the speaking skills to socialize
oneself to others
3. Skill Aspect: Practicing speaking skills using expressions for socializing in pairs
and groups
4. Affective aspect: Having a creative and tolerable thinking to be able to use the
expression politely

Socializing

These are some events where people tend to do socialization with

others:

1. Going to a Party
2. Making Plans for the Weekend
3. Inviting a Friend to a Birthday Party
4. Inviting Boss to a Dinner Party
5. Accepting Invitation to a Party
6. Buying Flowers
7. Choosing a Gift
8. Greeting a Visitor
9. Greeting an Old Friend
10. Accepting Food or Drinks
11. Declining Food or Drinks
12. Gossiping
13. Wedding Discussion
14. Going to the Beach

Examples of dialogue:

Person A: "Hey John, I'm going to see The Matrix with Peter and Brad. Do you
wanna come?"
Person B: "When are you guys going?"
Person A: "We're going to see the eight O'clock showing."
Person B: "That would be great. Where are you guys meeting?"
Person A: "We're meeting at the theater at seven thirty."
Person B: "Great. I'll meet you guys there."

Person A: "Hey Jill."

Person B: "What's up Mike?"
Person A: "I was wondering if you have any plans for tomorrow night."
Person B: "Umm... I don't think I have anything special for tomorrow. Why?"
Person A: "Do you want to see The Titanic with me?"
Person B: "I wanted to see that. Yeah. Let's go."
Person A: "What time is good for you?"
Person B: "How about seven thirty."
Person A: "Sure. I'll meet you at the theater at seven.

Some important expressions:

How to make contact with someone

Mind if I join you?
Excuse me, you must be … . Excuse me, have we met?
I really enjoyed your talk this morning.
Are you giving a talk?

How to keep the conversation going

Do you often travel to Scandinavia? Have you been here before?
Is this your first visit to Denmark?
How long are you going to stay? What do you do, by the way?
What line of business are you in?
How are you enjoying the conference?
Do you know many people here? Can I get you a drink?
Would you like me to get you anything from the buffet? So, where are you
staying?

Getting away politely

If you’ll excuse me, I have to make a phone call.
If you’ll excuse me, I must just go and say hello to someone.
Would you excuse me a moment? I’ll be right back.
 UNIT 3
Indicators:
1. Cognitive Aspect: Explaining the speaking skills to express past activities
2. Process Aspect: Gaining the speaking skills material in using expressions of past
activities in pairs and groups
3. Skills Aspect: Having the skill in Practicing and making the presentation about
speaking skills using expressions of past activities in daily routines
4. Affective aspect: Having a creative and tolerable thinking to be able to use the
expression

Past Activities
Expressions used for asking and answering about past activities

Examples of dialogue:

Person A: "Did you get a chance to go to that new restaurant down the street?"
Person B: "Yeah. I ordered the special, but the server screwed up my order."
Person A: "That sucks. So what ended up happening?"
Person B: "They finally got my steak out, but it was overcooked. It was a terrible
experience."

Person A: "What did you do last weekend?"

Person B: "I went on a date with Sammy."
Person A: "Really? How was it?"
Person B: "I couldn't ask for a better night. We talked all throughout our two hour
dinner, and then we sat by the river and cuddled in the night."

Person A: "Didn't you finish finals week?"

Person B: "Don't remind me. I think I failed most of the exams."
Person A: "Why did you do so terrible?"
Person B: "My mind just went blank. I think I overloaded my brain. I just couldn't
concentrate during the exams."

Some topics that you may explore, please ask your friends about:
Tell me about your last vacation. Where did you go? What did you do?

What did you do for you last birthday?

Who was your first crush?

What was the last really difficult thing you had to do?

What did you eat for you last meal?

Who did you meet last week? What did you do together?

Tell me about what you did for the last 24 hours.

When was the last time you were really excited about something?

Tell me about where you lived as a child.

When was the last time you went to an amusement park? How was it?

What was the best meal you ate recently?

How did you come here?

When was the last time you went to a movie theater? What did you see?

Talk about the last time you were really scared.

Tell me about your best or worst school teacher.

What tech problems annoyed you recently?

What was your first TV like?

What are some events in the past that made you who you are?

What did your bedroom look like when you were a teenager?

What bands were popular when you were young?

When was the last time you were shocked?

What chores did you have to do when you were young?

Where did you hang out with your friends last? What did you do?

Who were some of your favorite sports stars in the past?

What did they play?

Why were they your favorite?

Name some of your country’s famous sports stars of the past.

Why were they famous?

What was your best memory from when you were a child?

What is your earliest memory?

Who was your childhood best friend?

What games did you like to play when you were a child?

What were some of your favorite toys?

Which was better for you: elementary school, junior high school or high
school? Why?

Did you study hard in high school?

What kinds of food did you eat when you were a child? Do you eat the same
things now?

What was your country like when you were a child?

Do you think the past was better than the present? Why or why not?

What were some of the benefits of living in the past?

 UNIT 4
Indicators:
1. Cognitive Aspect: Understanding and explaining some speaking skills to express
future activities
2. Process Aspect: Practicing speaking skills using expressions of future activities
in pairs and groups
3. Skills Aspect: Practicing speaking skills using expressions of future activities in
daily routines
4. Affective aspect: Having a creative and tolerable thinking to be able to use the
expression politely

Future Activities

Examples of Dialogue:
Fay: Hi Jerry. The school year is almost over. Do you have any plans for the
summer holiday?
Jerry: I'm planning on sleeping all day, every day!
Fay: Oh, come on Jerry, you must be kidding.
Jerry: Yeah, I'm just pulling your leg. Actually, I'm going to go down to Guizhou
Province.
Fay: Really? Why would you go to Guizhou? It's not a very popular tourist site.
Jerry: Exactly! It's not very popular, so it won't be too crowded. I enjoyed my trip
to the Great Wall, but there were so many people there. I think it spoiled the
atmosphere a bit.
Fay: I'm sure Guizhou won't be so crowded. But won't it be too hot in the
summer?
Jerry: No, according to one of my students, it's very cool in the summer. He said
it is "naturally air conditioned".
Fay: Well, that sounds good. I wouldn't mind getting away from the Beijing heat
myself. Still, I wonder... is there anything worth seeing in Guizhou?
Jerry: Sure! For one thing, there's the beautiful natural scenery. I'm sure you've
heard of the Huang Guo Shu Waterfalls. There's also the Maling Gorge which is
said to be spectacular. There are mountains everywhere in Guizhou, even in the
capital city of Guiyang.
Fay: Yes, I have heard of Huang Guo Shu Pubu, but won't you get bored just
looking at the scenery?
Jerry: Come on Fay, there's lots of things to do. I can go hiking in Qian Ling Park
in Guiyang, visit Miao villages in the southeast, and I know you've heard of Zunyi,
a very historical city. It's where Mao Ze Dong first became the leader of the Red
Army.
Fay: Gee, when you describe it like that, it sounds really interesting!
Jerry: And that's not all. I'll be able to eat very delicious, spicy food, drink world-
famous maotai, and my student told me I can meet some very beautiful women
there!
Fay: I'm sure you'll have fun Jerry, but let me give you some advice. Be sure to
hold onto your wallet AND your heart!
Jerry: We'll see what happens!
Fay: Do you have a place to stay in Guizhou?
Jerry: Yes, I'm very lucky. My student's sister is the manager of the Guizhou Park
Hotel, the best hotel in the province. I've seen some pictures on the Internet, it's
really nice! But I think outside Guiyang, I'll stay in a Miao village or maybe buy a
tent and go camping.
Fay: That's great, Jerry. I'm looking forward to seeing your photos when you get
back.

Questions about future activities:

Will you have children?
What will life be like when you are 40?
Will computers ever take over the world?
Will we be able to add machines to our body to improve it in the future?
How will fashion change in the future?
After you graduate will you go for a higher degree like an M.A. or a Ph.D?
What kind of music will your children listen to?
When will humans live on another planet?
What will you do after this class?
What will you do after you finish university?
What will you do before you get married?
After your children grow up what will you do?
Where will you move after you finish university?
How will electronics be different?
In 50 years there are projected to be 10 billion people on the earth. How will that
affect the future?
How will medicine and health care change in the future?
China’s and India’s populations and economies are growing quickly, what do you
think China and India will be like in 50 years?
What other things will change about life in the future?
How do you think you will change in the future?
Where will you be and what will you be doing in 10 years?
What is something that will happen in the future that you are looking forward to?
How will you change the world?
 UNIT 5
Indicators:
1. Cognitive Aspect: Explaining and practicing and speaking skills to express orders
and requests
2. Process Aspect: Practicing speaking skills using expressions of orders and
requests in pairs and groups
3. Skills Practicing: speaking skills using expressions of orders and requests in daily
routines and practicing speaking skills to express orders and requests in pairs
and groups
4. Affective aspect: Having a creative and tolerable thinking to be able to use the
expression politely

Orders and Requests

Expressions of giving command/order, request, and direction

DIALOGUE EXAMPLES:
A: Excuse me. I was wondering how to order office supplies.
B: We have a requisition form on the company web site. What type of supplies do
you need?
A: I need paper, ink cartridges, and paper clips.
B: How quickly will you need your supplies?
A: I need all of my supplies right away.
B: We also will have to check your department budget. Do you know how much
money you have for office supplies?
A: I will check to see what my budget is.
B: Would you like these supplies delivered or would you like to pick them up?
A: Please deliver them to my office.
B: Fine, well just send the form to us and we will let you know as soon as your
supplies come in. Have a good day!
A: Thank you!

EXPRESSIONS USED IN ORDERS AND REQUESTS

1. Use the imperative form

 We use the imperative form to give orders, warnings and advice:
 Be quiet!
 Take care!
 Listen!
 Sit down.
 Get me something to drink.
You should soften the imperative form with let’s or please while talking to an
adult.
 Let’s go now, shall we?
 Let’s take a break, shall we?
 Please listen to what I’m saying. (More polite than ‘Listen to what I am
saying.’)
2. Use a modal verb to turn the order into a request
Modal auxiliary verbs can make orders and instructions sound more polite. For
example, ‘Could you help me?’ is more polite than ‘Help me!’
More examples are given below.
 Could you make me some tea?
 Could you post this letter?
 Could you lend me 50 dollars, please?
 Could you bring me that file, please?
 Could you pick up the kids from school, please?
 Can you come here please?
 Can you do something for me?
 Can you do this for me?
 Can you wait a minute?
 Can you give me a lift?
 Can you fetch Mary from the airport?
 Will you keep quiet please?
 Would you wait here until I’m back?
UNIT 6

Indicators:
1. Cognitive Aspect: Practicing speaking skills to express present habits
2. Process Aspect: Practicing speaking skills using expressions of present habits in
 pairs and groups
3. Skill Aspect: Practicing speaking skills using expressions of present habits in daily
routines
4. Affective aspect: Having a creative and tolerable thinking to be able to use the
expression politely

Present Habits
ADJACENCY PAIRS:

A : what time do you get up everyday ?

B : I get up at 05.00 o’clock in the morning

A : what do you after you get dressed ?

B : I wear shoes

A : what time do you have lunch each day ?

B : at 02.00 o’clock in the afternoon

A : what do you usually have for dinner ?

B : I usually learn

A : what time do you leave your house everyday ?

B : I leave my house at 6 a.m. in everyday

A : how often do you eat in one day?

B : I eat rice a day

A : do you always have dinner with your family ?

B : no, I don’t. Because, my family is rarely at home at night

A : do you get up early everyday ?

B : yes, I do. Because, I have to go to school

A : what do you usually have for breakfast ?

B : milk and bread
A : what do you usually have for dinner ?
B : fried rice

A : how do you feel when you get out of bed early ?

B : I feel very sleepy

A : what do you usually do before leaving home ?

B : I usually tidy room

A : do you always do your home activities regularly ?

B : no, I don’t. Because, sometimes, I am very busy

A : do you always go home on time ?

B : no, I don’t. Because, I usually do the work in a friend’s house

A : what do you do in the afternoon ?

B : I usually listen to the radio in the afternoon

A : What do you do in the morning ?

B : I have breakfast and read the newspaper

A : can you tell me the activities you do every day ?

B : I always get up at five o’clock. I take a bath and after that, I have breakfast
and go to school

A : how much vacation time do you get a year ?

B : four weeks

A : how far is your house from school ?

B : well, about 20 minutes by motorcycle

MONOLOGUE
Hi, let me tell you about my daily routine. First, I get up at 8.00, then I brush my
teeth, have a shower, and eat breakfast. I go to work at 8.50, and I start work at
9.30. Then I have lunch at 1.00, and finish work at 5.30. I go to bed at 11.00. That's
my day!
 UNIT 7
Indicators:
1. Cognitive Aspect: Practicing speaking skills to express completed activities
2. Process Aspect: Practicing speaking skills using expressions of completed
activities in pairs and groups
3. Skill Aspect: Practicing speaking skills using expressions of completed activities
in daily routines
4. Affective aspect: Having a creative and tolerable thinking to be able to use the
expression politely

Completed Activities
EXAMPLE OF DIALOGUES INDICATING COMPLETED ACTIVITIES

AT UNIVERSITY

Paul: Hello Sara, nice to meet you.

Sara: Nice to meet you too.
Paul: How long have you studied here?
Sara: I’ve studied here for three years, and you?
Paul: Two years.

TALKING ABOUT FOOD

David: Have you ever eaten Thai food?

John: Yes, I’ve had it a few times. What about you?
David: I’ve never tried it.

NEW BIKE

Lisa: I have some news.

Mark: What is it?
Lisa: I’ve bought a new bike!

ONG TIME NO SEE

Tom: Have you seen Henry recently?

Alejandro: No. Have you?
Tom: I haven’t seen him since the summer.

LONG TIME NO SEE

Ed: Has she arrived yet?

Fran: No she still hasn’t arrived.

EXERCISE

Please identify the conversation above and make your own with your friends.
HOW TO GIVE AN ORAL REPORT

RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE

1) Identify the question*

Usually you report on a paper in order to answer a specific question; this is not
necessarily the question the authors had in mind. So be sure to get your question
straight and to stick to the information in the paper that answers your question. Be
selective - your entire report should take 15-20 minutes (if you are focusing on one
question).

2) Explain how the author's approach is supposed to answer the question.

When you prepare a paper you often spend hours figuring this out, but then you
tend to get it so clear in your mind (and it seems so obvious) you don't explain it.
So don't forget to explain "why" before explaining "what".

3) Explain their procedures

Explain what they did in a way that is as clear as possible and that includes all
critical details but omits all unnecessary details. It usually works best to explain the
details one experiment at a time. If you try to explain all the experimental
procedures at the beginning of your talk you will probably bore everyone to death.
It usually helps your listeners a lot if you write the basic steps on the board, or
project them on a screen, as you go along. It is very hard to keep an experiment
straight in your head without anything to look at. If you use Power Point or the
equivalent, be sure to walk your listeners through the information on the slides as
carefully as if you were writing it out.

4) Present the results

Be sure to stick to the important results, i.e. the ones that answer your question.
Also be sure to translate the results into English, no matter how clear they seem to
you.

5) Explain how the results do (or do not) answer the question:

Don't just say "the results are as expected"; explain why the results are (or are not)
as expected. This may not seem necessary to you (especially if you explained point
2 properly) but remember that you have been thinking about this paper for a week
and your listeners haven't.
 UNIT 8
Indicators:
1. Cognitive Aspect: Practicing speaking skills to express likes and dislikes
2. Process Aspect: Practicing speaking skills using expressions of likes and dislikes
in pairs and groups
3. Skill Aspect: Practicing speaking skills using expressions of likes and dislikes in
daily routines
4. Affective aspect: Having a creative and tolerable thinking to be able to use the
expression politely

Likes and Dislikes

Dialogue
Amy: Do you like Lady GaGa?
You: Yes, I do. I really like her.
Amy: What do you think of Maths?
You: I quite like it, but I prefer Science.
Amy: Do you like the actor, Brad Pitt?
You: No, I don't. I don't like him at all.
Amy: What do you think of Linkin Park?
You: I like them. They're my favourite band.
Amy: Do you like singing?
You: Yes, I do. But I'm not a good singer!

Likes - advanced
There are many different phrases that English people use when they like
something. Here are ten of the more idiomatic phrases you might hear in the UK.
Ten Expressions to Use In Speaking And Writing
1. I'm a big fan of Indian food.
2. I'm (absolutely) crazy about it.
3. I'm quite partial to spicy things.
4. I'm really into it (in a big way).
5. You can't beat a good (Indian meal).
6. Give me Thai food any day.
7. I'm particularly fond of hot curries.
8. There's nothing I like more than...
 9. Thai food is what I live for.
10. What I wouldn't give for a Thai curry!
How To Use These Phrases In Your English
 Phrases 1 and 2 are saying quite strongly that speaker really likes Indian
food. Phrase 2 is a bit stronger than phrase 1.
 Phrase 3 is a bit more formal and more restrained than phrases 1 and 2.
 In phrase 4, we can make the basic expression 'into it' stronger by adding
'really' and much stronger with 'in a big way'. It is a very informal
expression.
 Phrases 5, 6 and 8 are saying that the speaker thinks something is best
and that nothing else is better.
 Phrase 7 is quite strong but a more formal expression that can be used in
writing and in polite company.
 Phrase 9 is almost certainly an exaggeration. It is saying that Thai food is
the most (only) important thing in the speaker's life.
 Phrase 10 is very informal and again quite exaggerated. The speaker is
saying that the speaker would anything (or everything they have) for a
Thai curry
 UNIT 9
Indicators:
1. Cognitive Aspect: Practicing speaking skills to describe preferences
2. Process Aspect: Practicing speaking skills using expressions for describing
preferences in pairs and groups
3. Skill Aspect: Practicing speaking skills using expressions for describing
preferences in daily routines
4. Affective aspect Having creative and tolerable thinking to be able to use the
expression politely

Describing Preferences and Offering Choices

Expressing Preferences
We often use words like prefer, would prefer, would rather to talk or ask about
preferences.
"I prefer living on my own."
"Would you prefer to see a movie or go to a club?"
"Would you rather go shopping with me?"
Those expressions are quite different in meaning and this is why learners of
English often find them challenging. So here is how we can separate them:

Difference in meaning:
We tend to use 'prefer' to talk generally about likes, dislikes, what we want.
“He prefers reading books.”
“I prefer going to the beach than going to a swimming pool.”
The expressions 'would prefer' and 'would rather', to be a little more specific.
“I would prefer to see him in person.”
“I would rather go home now.”

Difference in form:
Followed by a different verb form:

“I prefer living in a city.” (followed by the gerund; the '-ing' ending)

“I would prefer to be told the truth.” (followed by the infinitive; to+ the verb)
“Would you rather stay at a hotel?” (followed by the base form of the verb; the
verb without 'to'.

Different prepositions to state the choice.

prefer, would prefer – go with 'to'
“I'd prefer living in a city to living in the country.”
“I would (I'd) prefer being alone to being with the wrong person”.
would rather – goes with 'than'
“I would (I'd) rather talk to him in person than call him on the phone.”

***

1. You can check your understanding as you match the questions below with
suitable endings:
Would you prefer ...?
Would you rather ....?

- taking a nap or going for a walk

- a trip to Jamaica or a cruise to Alaska
- watch a talk show or see a movie
- to stay at home or go outside with friends

2. Practice asking and answering questions of the same type with friends.
 UNIT 10
Indicators:
1. Cognitive Aspect: Practicing speaking skills to offer choices
2. Process Aspect: Practicing speaking skills using expressions for offering choices
in pairs and groups
3. Skill Aspect: Practicing speaking skills using expressions for offering choices in
daily routines
4. Affective aspect Having a creative and tolerable thinking to be able to use the
expression politely

Asking about Persons

Giving your opinion

We often give our opinions to friends and colleagues. Here are ways of giving your
opinion about A vs B

Ten Expressions to Use In Speaking And Writing

1. In my opinion, this one would be better.

2. To my mind this one's better.
3. If you ask me, this one's better.
4. To my way of thinking, this one's fine.
5. In my view, this one is best.
6. Know what I think? That one's best.
7. I'd say tomorrow that one's better.
8. What I think is that one's better.
9. For me, that one's better.
10. I tell you what I think, that one's best.

How To Use These Phrases In Your English

 'In my opinion' is the classic expression - but it's not the only one. Use
moderately.
 'To my mind' is a common spoken form - and you can use it in writing, too.
 'If you ask me' is very, very common in spoken English, and can come first
or last in a sentence.
 'To my way of thinking' is often used with emphasis on 'my' to give a strong
opinion.
 'In my view' is common in spoken and written English.
 The abbreviated question '(Do you) know what I think?' is very popular and
is not rude.
 The conditional structure I'd say is rarely taught as a conditional, but this is
one of the most common ways of giving an opinion in English.
 'For me' is like 2 and 5.
 10 is similar to 6, and is quite direct.
Giving an opinion

It is very imporatnt to show people when you are saying an opinion and show that
it is not a fact. Giving an opinion as a fact is not very polite in the UK.

Ten Expressions to Use In Speaking And Writing

1. I reckon...
2. I'd say...
3. Personally, I think...
4. What I reckon is...
5. If you ask me...
6. The way I see it...
7. As far as I'm concerned...
8. If you don't mind me saying...
9. I'm utterly convinced that...
10. In my humble opinion...

How To Use These Phrases In Your English

 We follow all the phrases with a sentence or clause that shows the
speaker's opinion.
 Phrases 1 - 3 are really quite informal. You can use these phrases when
you are discussing something with friends or people who you know well.
 In phrase 1, 'reckon' is a very common word in the UK today. It means 'I
think' but British people use the word 'reckon' much more often than 'think'.
 Phrases 5, 6 and 7 are all quite polite and show clearly that the statement
is only an opinion.
 Phrase 8 is more polite because it says to the other speaker that they might
not agree with what you are saying.
 Phrase 9 shows a very strong opinion. The speaker has no doubt at all that
it is true.
 Phrase 10 is the most polite expression of the ten. It is often written on the
Internet as the abbreviatoin 'IMHO' or 'imho'.
 REFERENCES

1. Agustien, Helena I.R., .et.al. 2014. English Intensive Course: Book 1 .

Semarang: English Department FBS-UNNES
2. Agustien, Helena I.R., .et.al. 2014. English Intensive Course: Book 2 .
Semarang: English Department FBS-UNNES
3. Agustien, Helena I.R., .et.al. 2014. English Intensive Course: Book 3 .
Semarang: English Department FBS-UNNES
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