Pengertian, Rumus, dan Contoh Direct and

Indirect Speech
Tenses dalam bahasa Inggris mempunyai banyak kegunaan sebagai
pengembangannya. Salah satunya adalah direct and indirect speech. Direct and
indirect speech biasa dipakai dalam percakapan melalui ujaran langsung dan tak
langsung. Dalam hal ini, direct speech menggambarkan ujaran langsung, sementara
indirect speech untuk ujaran tidak langsung atau mengutip perkataan orang lain.
Berikut akan dipaparkan pengertian, rumus, dan contoh direct and indirect speech
dalam bahasa Inggris.

Pengertian Direct and Indirect

Speech
Direct speech, atau dikenal juga dengan quoted speech (ucapan langsung), adalah
kalimat atau ujaran yang dikutip secara langsung dari pembicaranya, tanpa mengubah,
menambah, ataupun mengurangi isi pesan. Dalam penulisannya, kalimat ini ditandai
dengan quotation mark atau tanda kutip (“ ….”). Perhatikan contoh di bawah ini.

He said, “I will leave for Bandung tonight.”

My mom asked, “Where did you put the key?”
The teacher told the kids, “Don’t make much noise!”
Indirect speech, atau dikenal juga dengan reported speech (ucapan tak langsung),
adalah kalimat atau ujaran yang dinyatakan atau dilaporkan kembali oleh pembicara
lain dengan cara mengubah sudut pandangnya. Kalimat ini ditulis tidak dengan
membubuhkan tanpa kutip, tapi dengan menyematkan konjungsi, sesuai dengan
bentuk kalimatnya. Dalam hal ini, bentuk kalimat dibedakan tiga:

Dalam hal ini, bentuk kalimat dibedakan tiga:

Kalimat Konjungsi
1) Pernyataan that*
2) Pertanyaan:
a. Yes/no question if/whether (apakah)
who, whom, what, why, when, where, how, … (mengikuti
b. WH question kata tanya digunakan)
3) Perintah:
a. Perintah to V1
b. Larangan not to V1
* That bersifat opsional dalam indirect speech. Boleh ditulis, boleh tidak.
Berikut perbandingan direct speech dan indirect speech.
 Direct speech Indirect speech
He said (that) he would leave for Bandung
He said, “I will leave for Bandung tonight.” that night.
My mom asked, “Where did you put the
key?” My mom asked where I had put the key.
The teacher told the kids, “Don’t make The teacher told the kids not to make much
much noise!” noise.
Dari contoh di atas dapat dilihat bahwa direct speech ditandai dengan tanda kutip,
sedangkan indirect speech dengan konjungsi yang disesuaikan dengan bentuk kalimat
atau ujarannya.

Rumus dan Contoh Direct and

Indirect Speech
Rumus indirect speech bergantung pada pronoun dan verb pada main clause. Secara
umum, terdapat tiga jenis perubahan pada indirect speech, yaitu pronouns, tenses, dan
adverbs. Berikut rumus dan contoh direct and indirect speech.

A. Perubahan Pronouns
Perubahan pronoun terjadi saat direct speech berubah menjadi indirect speech. Seperti
dijelaskan sebelumnya, hal ini dikarenakan berubahnya sudut pandang. Dan berikut
adalah perubahan pronoun yang muncul dalam indirect speech.

Direct speech Indirect speech

I, me, my, myself, mine Menyesuaikan subjek main clause*
You, you, your, yourself/ves, yours Menyesuaikan objek main clause
Pronoun lain Menyesuaikan konteks kalimat
* Main clause adalah bagian yang tidak bertanda kutip dalam direct speech (pada
contoh sebelumnya: he said, my mom asked, the teacher told the kids).
Contoh:

Direct speech Indirect speech

Mr Gibson tells me, “I know your father
very well.”
They say, “We are learning speaking.”
He has told us, “Your books are on the
desk.”
Mr Gibson tells me he knows my father very
well.
They say they are learning speaking.
He has told us that our books are on the
desk.
B. Perubahan Tenses
Di samping pronoun, perubahan tenses dapat terjadi dalam indirect speech, khususnya
jika main clause ber-tense simple past. Adapun perubahan tenses-nya berlaku seperti
di bawah ini.

PRESENT PAST PERFECT

Simple present Simple past Past perfect
Present continuous Past continuous Past perfect continuous
Present perfect Past perfect
Present perfect continuous Past perfect continuous
PAST FUTURE
PRESENT FUTURE PAST FUTURE PERFECT
Simple future Past future Past future perfect
Future continuous Past future continuous Past future perfect cont
Future perfect Past future perfect
Future perfect continuous Past future perfect cont
PRESENT MODAL PAST MODAL
Can Could
Will Would
Shall Should
May Might
Must, has/have to Had to
… …
* Perubahan tenses mengikuti alur: present > past > past perfect

Contoh:

Direct speech Indirect speech

I said, “I don’t know.” I said that I didn’t know.
He asked me, “Were you so busy?” He asked me if I had been busy.
The police told us, “You can leave.” The police told us that we could leave.”

C. Perubahan Adverbs
Tak hanya tenses, adverbs juga dapat mengalami perubahan ketika main clause dalam
bentuk simple past. Di bawah ini adalah daftar perubahan adverbs dalam indirect
speech.
 Direct speech Indirect speech
Now Then
Today That day
Tomorrow The following/next day
Next month The following month
Next year The following year
Yesterday The day before
Last night The night before
Last week The week before
Two days ago Two days before
Five months ago Five months before
This That
These Those
Here There
Contoh:

Direct speech Indirect speech

David said, “I get to go now.” David said that he got to go then.
He told me, “We will meet tonight.” He told me we would meet that night.
The man reminded me, “be here at two.” The man reminded me to be there at two.