A. Sifat Kekongruenan
1. Relasi Ekuivalen
a. Sifat Refleksi
a ≡ a (mod m)
Contoh 1 :
a = 8, m = 2
8 ≡ 8 (mod 2)
.2│(8-8)
.2│0
b. Sifat Simetris
Jika a ≡ b (mod m)
Maka b ≡ a (mod m)
Contoh 1 :
a = 8, b = 6, m = 2
a ≡ b (mod m) b ≡ a (mod m)
8 ≡ 6 (mod 2) 6 ≡ 8 (mod 2)
.2│(8-6) .2│(6-8)
.2│2 .2│-2
c. Sifat Transitif
1
UIN Imam Bonjol Padang
maka a ≡ c (mod m)
Contoh 1 :
a = 8, b = 6, c = 10, m = 2
i. Teorema 1.1
Maka a + c ≡ b + d (mod m)
Contoh 1 :
a + c ≡ b .+ d (mod m)
45 …≡ 3 (mod 6)
6│(45-3)
6│42
2
UIN Imam Bonjol Padang
Contoh 1 :
x = 3, y = 4
ax + cy .≡ bx + dy (mod m)
133 ≡ 14 (mod 7)
.7│(133-14)
terbukti
.7│119
2. Relasi Kauselasi
Contoh 1 :
Jika 3x = 3 x 6 maka x = 6
24 ≡ 12 (mod 4)
8 ≡ 4 (mod 4) (c,d) = 1
24 ≡ 12 (mod 4)
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UIN Imam Bonjol Padang
i. Teorema 2.1
maka a ≡ b (mod m)
Contoh 1 :
a = 6, b = 2, c = 3, m = 3
ac ≡ bc (mod m)
..18 ≡ 6 (mod 3)
(c,m) = 1
maka a ≡ b
Bukti ;
𝑚 𝑐
Maka │𝑑 (a-b). karena d FPB dari c dan
𝑑
𝑚 𝑐
m, maka dan bilangan bulat.
𝑑 𝑑
𝑚 𝑐
Karena (c,m) = d maka ( │𝑑) = 1.
𝑑
Contoh 1 :
ac ≡ bc (mod m)
2x ≡ 2 (2) (mod 6)
(c,m) = 2
4
UIN Imam Bonjol Padang
2x ≡ 2 (2) (mod 6) (: 2)
x ≡ 2 (mod 3)
a = mk + b
x = 3x .+ 2
Contoh 1 :
Jawab :
248 ≡ 2 + 4 + 8 (mod 9)
14-9 = 5
.≡ 14 (mod 9)
.≡ 5 (mod 9)
324 ≡ 3 + 2 + 4 (mod 9)
9-9 = 0
.≡ 9 (mod 9)
.≡ 0 (mod 9)
627 ≡ 6 + 2 + 7 (mod 9)
.≡ 15 (mod 9) 15-9 = 6
.≡ 6 (mod 9)
…≡ 2 (mod 9) . . . . . (i)
5
UIN Imam Bonjol Padang
1244 ≡ 1 + 2 + 4 + 4 (mod 9)
B. Aplikasi Kekongruenan
Diketahui bahwa :
Contoh 1 :
..= 8 (mod 9)
.: 8234 ≡ 8 (mod 9)
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UIN Imam Bonjol Padang