Revisi Panduan Praktikum Struktur Hewan - 210920

PAND UAN PRAKTIKUM
STRUKTUR HEW AN
An at om i d an Hist olog i
TIM PRAKTIKUM STRUKTUR HEW AN

Lab orat oriu m St ru kt u r d an Perkem b an g an Hew an
Program St udi S1 Jurusan Biologi

Fak ultas M atem at ik a dan Ilm u Penget ahuan Alam
UNIVERSITAS AND ALAS
D AFTAR ISI
Daftar Isi ................................................................................................................................................... 2
Daftar Gambar ......................................................................................................................................... 5
Kata Pengantar ........................................................................................................................................ 6
Tata Tertib Praktikum .............................................................................................................................. 7
Jadwal Praktikum .................................................................................................................................... 8
Learning Outcome ................................................................................................................................... 9
Praktikum Struktur Hewan...................................................................................................................... 9
Anatomi Pisces ...................................................................................................................................... 10

Tu ju an Prak t ik u m ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
Lan d asan Teori ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
Alat d an Bah an Prak t ik u m ......................................................................................................................................................................13
Cara Kerja ............................................................................................................................................................................................................13
Anatomi Amphibia ................................................................................................................................. 14

Tu ju an Prak t ik u m ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 14
Lan d asan Teori ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 14
Cara Kerja ............................................................................................................................................................................................................17
Anatomi Reptilia .................................................................................................................................... 19

Tu ju an Prak t ik u m ..........................................................................................................................................................................................19
Lan d asan Teori ................................................................................................................................................................................................19
Alat d an Bah an Prak t ik u m .....................................................................................................................................................................22
Cara Kerja ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................22
Anatomi Aves ........................................................................................................................................ 23

Tu ju an Prak t ik u m .........................................................................................................................................................................................23
Lan d asan Teori ...............................................................................................................................................................................................23
Alat d an Bah an Prak t ik u m : ................................................................................................................................................................. 28
Cara Kerja :........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 28
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La b ora t oriu m St ru kt u r & Perkem b a n g a n Hew a n ©20 20
Anatomi Mammalia ................................................................................................................................ 29
Lan d asan Teori ...............................................................................................................................................................................................29
Alat D an Bah an Prak t ik u m :..................................................................................................................................................................35
Cara Kerja :......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 35
Histologi Sistem Pencernaan ............................................................................................................... 36

Lan d asan Teori ...............................................................................................................................................................................................36
Alat d an Bah an Prak t ik u m : ................................................................................................................................................................. 4 2
Cara Kerja d i Lab orat oriu m ................................................................................................................................................................... 4 2
Cara k erja d i Lab orat oriu m Virt u al ................................................................................................................................................... 4 2
Histologi Sistem Respirasi & Sirkulasi ................................................................................................ 45

Tu ju an Prak t ik u m ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 4 5
Lan d asan Teori .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 4 5
Alat D an Bah an Prak t ik u m .....................................................................................................................................................................51
Cara Kerja d i Lab orat oriu m .....................................................................................................................................................................51
Cara Kerja d i Lab orat oriu m Virt u al ....................................................................................................................................................51
Histologi Sistem Urogenitalia ............................................................................................................... 54

Tu ju an Prak t ik u m ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 54
Lan d asan Teori .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 54
Alat d an Bah an Prak t ik u m .....................................................................................................................................................................63
Cara Kerja d i Lab orat oriu m ....................................................................................................................................................................63
Cara k erja d i Lab orat oriu m Virt u al ....................................................................................................................................................63
Histologi Sistem Saraf & Endokrin ...................................................................................................... 66

Tu ju an Prak t ik u m ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 66
Lan d asan Teori .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 66
Cara Kerja d i Lab orat oriu m .....................................................................................................................................................................71
Cara Kerja d i Lab orat oriu m Virt u al ....................................................................................................................................................71
Histologi Sistem Integumen, Otot, dan Rangka .................................................................................. 73

Lan d asan Teori ...............................................................................................................................................................................................73
Alat d an Bah an Prak t ik u m ..................................................................................................................................................................... 81
Cara Kerja d i Lab orat oriu m .................................................................................................................................................................... 81
Cara Kerja d i Lab orat oriu m Virt u al ................................................................................................................................................... 81
Daftar Pustaka ....................................................................................................................................... 84
Lembar Kerja Praktikum ....................................................................................................................... 85
Anatomi Pisces ...................................................................................................................................... 86
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Anatomi Amphibia ................................................................................................................................. 89
Anatomi Reptilia .................................................................................................................................... 92
Anatomi Aves ........................................................................................................................................ 95
Anatomi Mammalia ................................................................................................................................ 98
Histologi Sistem Pencernaan ............................................................................................................. 101
Histologi Sistem Respirasi & Sirkulasi .............................................................................................. 104
Histologi Sistem Urogenitalia ............................................................................................................. 106
Histologi Sistem Saraf & Endokrin .................................................................................................... 109
Histologi Sistem Integumen, Otot & Rangka .................................................................................... 112
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D AFTAR GAM BAR
Gam b ar 1. An at om i Ik an ........................................................................................................................................................11
Gam b ar 2. An at om i sist em ot ot p ad a ik an .............................................................................................................13
Gam b ar 3. An at om i t u b u h k at ak ..................................................................................................................................17
Gam b ar 4 . Sit u s viceru m d an sist em ran g k a p ad a u lar .............................................................................. 20
Gam b ar 5. Sist em ot ot p ad a rep t il ................................................................................................................................21
Gam b ar 6. An at om i ran g k a aves .................................................................................................................................. 25
Gam b ar 7. Org an resp irat ori p ad a aves ...................................................................................................................27
Gam b ar 8. An at om i sist em p en cern aan p ad a Rod en t ia ..............................................................................31
Gam b ar 9. Percab an g an sist em sirk u lasi p ad a Rod en t ia ........................................................................... 33
Gam b ar 10 . An at om i sist em rep rod u k si p ad a Rod en t ia.............................................................................. 34
Gam b ar 11. Pap illa filliform is p ad a p erm u k aan lid ah ......................................................................................37
Gam b ar 12. Pap illa circu m vallat a p ad a p erm u k aan lid ah ..........................................................................37
Gam b ar 13. Hist olog i oesop h ag u s................................................................................................................................38
Gam b ar 14 . Hist olog i lam b u n g ......................................................................................................................................39
Gam b ar 15. Hist olog i h at i .................................................................................................................................................... 4 1
Gam b ar 16. Hist olog i p an creas (A) p u lau lan g erh an s..................................................................................... 4 1
Gam b ar 17. St ru k t u r h ist olog i t rach ea ..................................................................................................................... 4 6
Gam b ar 18. Hist olog i p aru -p aru .................................................................................................................................... 4 7
Gam b ar 19. Hist olog i art eri d an ven a ........................................................................................................................ 50
Gam b ar 20 . Hist olog i g in jal .............................................................................................................................................. 55
Gam b ar 21. Hist olog i u ret er ..............................................................................................................................................56
Gam b ar 22. Hist olog i t est is ...............................................................................................................................................57
Gam b ar 23. Hist olog i p en is ...............................................................................................................................................59
Gam b ar 24 . Hist olog i ovariu m ....................................................................................................................................... 60
Gam b ar 25. Hist olog i ovid u ct ..........................................................................................................................................62
Gam b ar 26. Hist olog i u t eru s ............................................................................................................................................62
Gam b ar 27. Hist olog i cereb ellu m t ik u s d en g an p ew arn aan cresyl violet ........................................67
Gam b ar 28. Pot on g an sag it t al ot ak m en cit ..........................................................................................................67
Gam b ar 29. Tiroid , p arat iroid , d an t im u s .................................................................................................................69
Gam b ar 30 . Hist olog i k elen jar ad ren al .................................................................................................................... 70
Gam b ar 31. Hist olog i k u lit ..................................................................................................................................................75
Gam b ar 32. Hist olog i t u lan g raw an ............................................................................................................................77
Gam b ar 33. Hist olog i t u lan g k eras ............................................................................................................................. 78
Gam b ar 34 . Hist olog i ot ot lu rik ..................................................................................................................................... 80
Gam b ar 35. Hist olog i serat ot ot lu rik ..........................................................................................................................81
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KATA PENGANTAR
Pen u n t u n p rak t ik u m in i d isu su n ag ar m ah asisw a leb ih m u d ah m em ah am i d an
m elak san ak an k eg iat an p rak t ik u m p ad a m at a k u liah St ru k t u r Hew an . Lat ih an -lat ih an
yan g d ilak san ak an d alam p rak t ik u m in i t elah d ip ilih sed em ik ian ru p a, seh in g g a
m ah asisw a d ap at m elih at ob jek secara lan g su n g set elah d ib ek ali b eb erap a t eori d asar d i
p erk u liah an . Oleh seb ab it u , m ah asisw a m en jad i leb ih m u d ah m em ah am i m at eri
p erk u liah an d en g an m en g en ali secara lan g su n g st ru k t u r h ew an yan g m elip u t i an at om i
d an h ist olog i.
Pen u lis m en yad ari sep en u h n ya b ah w a d alam p en u lisan d an p en yu su n an
p en u n t u n p rak t ik u m in i b elu m m en cak u p sem u a p ok ok -p ok ok p en t in g ilm u an at om i
d an h ist olog i h ew an d an m asih t erd ap at b an yak k ek u ran g an yan g m est i d ip erb aik i d i
k em u d ian h ari sesu ai d en g an p erk em b an g an d an k eb u t u h an zam an . Oleh k aren a it u ,
d ip erlu k an n ya ad an ya saran d an m asu k an yan g m em b an g u n d ari seg en ap p em b aca.
Ak h ir k at a p en u lis m en yam p aik an t erim ak asih k ep ad a sem u a p ih ak yan g t elah
m em b an t u seh in g g a t erw u ju d n ya p en u n t u n p rak t ik u m in i.
Pad an g , Ok t ob er 20 20
Tim Pen u lis
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TATA TERTIB PRAKTIKUM
1. Prak t ik an t elah m em p ersiap k an d iri d en g an m em p elajari h al-h al yan g b erh u b u n g an
d en g an t op ik p rak t ik u m seb elu m p rak t ik u m d ilak san ak an .
2. Prak t ik an yan g ak an m elak san ak an p rak t ik u m h aru s d at an g t ep at w ak t u d en g an
t oleran si k et erlam b at an lim a m en it . Jik a p rak t ik an d at an g t erlam b at , m ak a t id ak
d ip erb oleh k an m en g ik u t i p rak t ik u m p ad a h ari t erseb u t .
3. Prak t ik an h aru s m en g g u n ak an jas lab orat oriu m yan g b erlam b an g Him p u n an
M ah asisw a Biolog i (HIM ABIO) selam a p rak t ik u m b erlan g su n g yan g d ip ak ai d an
d ilep as d i lu ar lab orat oriu m . Prak t ik an t id ak d ip erk en an k an m em ak ai k aos ob lon g d an
san d al selam a p elak san aan p rak t ik u m .
4 . Sem u a p rak t ik an yan g ak an p rak t ik u m d ih aru sk an m em b aw a ob jek at au b ah an d an
alat yan g d ip erlu k an selam a p rak t ik u m k ecu ali b ah an d an alat yan g t ersed ia d i
lab orat oriu m .
5. Prak t ik an h aru s m em b ersih k an d an m en g ecek p eralat an yan g ak an d ip ak ai seb elu m
d an sesu d ah m elak san ak an p rak t ik u m . Set iap p rak t ik an b ert an g g u n g jaw ab t erh ad ap
p eralat an yan g d ip ak ai selam a p rak t ik u m .
6. Prak t ik an b erh at i-h at i d alam m en g g u n ak an alat d an b ah an yan g d ig u n ak an selam a
p elak san aan p rak t ik u m .
7. Bag i p rak t ik an yan g t id ak h ad ir p rak t ik u m h aru s m em b erik an su rat k et eran g an
d ok t er b ag i yan g sak it d an su rat d ari w ali/oran g t u a b ag i yan g izin k ep ad a k oord in at or
p rak t ik u m .
8. Keh ad iran m in im al 75% d ari t ot al p ert em u an p rak t ik u m . Jik a ju m lah k eh ad iran
k u ran g d ari 75%, m ak a t id ak d ip erb oleh k an m en g ik u t i u jian ak h ir p rak t ik u m .
9. Prak t ik an d ilaran g m ak an , m in u m , m erok ok , m en g g u n ak an g aw ai b u k an u n t u k
k ep erlu an p rak t ik u m , d an m en im b u lk an k erib u t an selam a p rak t ik u m b erlan g su n g .
10. Set iap k elom p ok p rak t ik an ak an m elak u k an p ik et k eb ersih an lab orat oriu m yan g
d ilak u k an secara b erg iliran p er h ari p elak san aan p rak t ik u m .
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JAD W AL PRAKTIKUM
Pert em uan k e- Topik Prak t ik um
1 Asist en si Prakt iku m
2 An at om i Pisces
3 An at om i Am p h ib ia
4 An at om i Rep t ilia
5 An at om i Aves
6 An at om i M am m alia
7 Ujian Ten g ah Sem est er
8 Hist olog i Sist em Pen cern aan
9 Hist olog i Sist em Resp irasi d an Sirku lasi
10 Hist olog i Sist em Urog en it alia
11 Hist olog i Sist em Saraf d an En d okrin
12 Hist olog i Sist em In t eg u m en , Ot ot d an Ran g ka
13 Review Um u m
14 Ujian Akh ir Sem est er
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LEARNING OUTCOM E
PRAKTIKUM STRUKTUR HEW AN
“
Exp ect ed Lea rn in g Ou t com e (ELO) 5 Ju ru sa n Biolog i FM IPA UNAND :
Bein g a b le in u sin g in st ru m en t s a n d rela t ed m et h od s in ob servin g a n d

m ea su rin g b iolog ica l ob ject s (m a m p u m en g g u n a ka n in st ru m en -in st ru m en d a n
m et od e t erka it u n t u k m en g ob serva si d a n m en g u ku r ob jek-ob jek b iolog i)
1. M am p u m elaku kan ob servasi d an m en g id en t ifikasi an at om i sist em t u b u h

h ew an vert eb rat a p ad a kelas Pisces, Am fib ia, Rep t ilia, Aves, d an M am m alia.
2. M am p u m elaku kan ob servasi d an m en g id en t ifik asi sed iaan h ist olog i d ari
sist em p en cern aan , resp irasi, sirku lasi, u rog en it alia, saraf, en d okrin ,
in t eg u m en , ot ot d an ran g ka h ew an vert eb rat a.
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ANATOM I PISCES
Tujuan Prak t ik um
Un t u k m en g et ah u i d an m em ah am i m orfolog i d an an at om i sist em t u b u h Pisces.
Landasan Teori
Bagian luar t ubuh Pisces
Tu b u h Pisces t erd iri d ari t ig a b ag ian , yait u Ca p u t (k ep ala), Tru n cu s (Bad an ), d an Ca u d a
(Ek or).
1. Pad a Ca p u t t erd ap at :
a. Bu lb u s Oceli (b ola m at a) yan g t erlet ak d i sam p in g k ep ala.
b . Op ercu lu m (t u t u p in san g ) yan g d ap at m em b u k a d an m en u t u p p ad a w ak t u
p ern ap asan . Op ercu lu m t erd iri d ari b eb erap a b ag ian , yait u : Preop ercu la re,
Op ercu la re, In t er Op ercu la re, Su b Op ercu la re d an Ra d iib ra n ch iost eg il.
c. Fovea Na sa lis (cek u n g h id u n g ), m eru p ak an lu b an g h id u n g yan g t erlet ak d i d ep an
m at a.
d . Ora l (m u lu t ), t erlet ak d i d ep an k ep ala.
e. Rim a oris (celah m u lu t ), t erlet ak d ian t ara b ib ir at as d an b ib ir b aw ah .
f. Ca vu m Oris (ron g g a m u lu t ), ron g g a yan g t erd ap at d i d alam m u lu t .
g . Su n g u t , t erd ap at p ad a b eb erap a jen is ik an t ert en t u .
2. Pad a Tru n cu s d it u t u p i oleh sisik . Perm u k aan k u lit yan g licin d iseb ab k an oleh sek resi
m u k osa (len d ir) oleh k elen jar u n iselu ler d ian t ara sel-sel ep it elia. D i sisi t u b u h ,
m em an jan g k e b elak an g t erd ap at Lin ea La t era lis yan g m eru p ak an k u m p u lan saraf
p ad a vert eb ra e. Pad a t ru n cu s t erd ap at b eb erap a sirip (Pin ae), yait u P. D orsa lis, P.
Pect ora lis, P. Ab d om in a lis (Pelvis), P. An a lis, d an P. Ca u d a lis.
3. Pad a Ca u d a t erd ap at sirip ek or yan g b erfu n g si seb ag ai alak g erak .
Bagian dalam t ubuh Pisces

1. Sist em Pen cern aan (Tract u s D ig est ivu s & Glan d u la D ig est oria)
a. Tra ct u s D ig est ivu s: Ca vu m oris, Ph a ryn k, Oesop h a g u s, Ven t ricu lu s (lam b u n g ),
In t est in u m Ten u e (u su s h alu s), In t est in u m Cra ssu m (u su s b esar), d an Kloa ka .
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b . Gla n d u la D ig est oria : Hep a r (h at i), Vesica Velea (k an t u n g em p ed u ), Pa n crea s.
2. Sist em Sirk u lasi
Jan t u n g ik an t erlet ak d i d alam Ca vu m Perica rd ii yan g t erd ap at d i b aw ah Oesop h a g u s
d an in san g . Org an in i t erd iri d ari Sin u s Ven osu s, At riu m , Ven t rikel, d an Bu lb u s
Art eriosu s. Bu lb u s Art eriosu s m eru p ak an p an g k al d ari Aort a Ven t ra lis. Aort a Ven t ra lis
m en u ju k e k ran ial d an m em p u n yai cab an g -cab an g yait u Art eri Efferen t ia Bra n ch ia lis
yan g b erjalan p ad a Arcu s Bra n ch ia lis d an Art eria Afferen t ia Bra n ch ia lis yan g b erjalan
p ad a Fila m en Bra n ch ia lis. Art eri Efferen t ia b erjalan m en u ju Art eri Ep ib ra n ch ia lis yan g
b erm u ara k e d alam Aort a D orsa lis.
Gam b ar 1. An at om i Ikan (su m b er: Ud o M . Savalli)
3. Sist em Resp irasi

Ok sig en yan g d ip erlu k an ik an d iam b il d ari ok sig en t erlaru t yan g t erd ap at d i d alam air.
Bag ian yan g b erfu n g si m en yerap ok sig en ad alah p em b u lu h k ap iler d arah yan g
t erd ap at p ad a lem b aran in san g . In san g t erd iri d ari :
a. Arcu s Bra n ch ia lis (len g k u n g in san g ) : t u lan g raw an yan g t erd ap at p ad a in san g
b eru p a lek u n g an .
b . Gill Rack ers (rig i-rig i in san g ) seb ag ai p en yarin g .
c. Fila m en Bra n ch ia lis, b erw arn a m erah d an b erb en t u k h u ru f “V”.
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d . La m ella Bra n ch ia lis m eru p ak an lip at an -lip at an t ip is yan g t erd ap at p ad a
p erm u k aan filam en .
Pad a ik an t erd ap at Vesica Na t a t oria (Pn eu m at ocys/Gelem b u n g Ren an g ) yan g
b erh u b u n g an d en g an Oesop h a g u s d en g an p eran t araan D u ct u s Pn eu m a t icu s. Vesica
Na t a t oria b erfu n g si seb ag ai p en g at u r k ed alam an ap u n g ik an d i d alam air at au
seb ag ai alat h id rost at ik . Selain it u ju g a b erfu n g si seb ag ai alat b an t u p ern ap asan d i
d alam air.
4 . Sist em Urog en it al
Sist em u rog en it al ik an t erd iri d ari :
a. Sep asan g g in jal (Ren ), b erw arn a m erah cok lat d an t erd ap at d ian t ara Vesica
Na t a t oria d an Vert eb ra e.
b . Uret er m eru p ak an salu ran Ren .
c. Test is (Kelam in jan t an )
d . Ovariu m (k elam in b et in a) b erb en t u k sep ert i ag ar-ag ar yan g p u t ih d an d id alam n ya
t erd ap at b u t iran -b u t iran sel t elu r (Ovu m ).
e. Vesica Urin a ria (k an d u n g k em ih )
f. Kloak a
5. Sist em Ot ot d an Tu lan g
Ot ot -ot ot p ad a ik an b erb en t u k b u lat -b u lat m elin g k ar yan g m elin g k ari vert eb ra e. Ot ot
ik an p ad a t ah ap em b rio d iseb u t d en g an M yom ere. Sed an g k an , p ad a ik an d ew asa d i
seb u t d en g an M yot om e. Lap isan p em b u n g k u s ot ot t erseb u t d iseb u t M yosep t u m . Ot ot
ik an t erb ag i at as d u a d aerah , yait u ot ot b ag ian d orsal (Ep axial) d an ot ot b ag ian ven t ral
(Hip axial). Ked u a ot ot in i d ip isah k an oleh sek at (sep t u m ).
Pad a b ag ian k ep ala ik an ju g a t erd ap at b eb erap a ot ot , d ian t aran ya Ad d u ct or
M a n d ib u la e (AM ), Leva t or Arcu s Pa la t in i (LAP), D ila t or Op ercu li (D O), Leva t or Op ercu li
(LOP), Ad d u ct or Op ercu li (AO) d an Ad d u ct or Arcu s Pa la t in i (AAP).
Ot ot -ot ot p ad a ik an m en em p el p ad a vert eb ra e. Vert eb ra e t erd iri at as :
a . Cen t ru m
b . Arcu s Neu ra lis, b erp an g k al p ad a d orsa l cen t ru m .
c. Sp in a Neu ra lis, lan ju t an d ari Arcu s Neu ra lis.
d . Ca n a lis Neu ra lis, ron g g a su m su m t u lan g b elak an g .
e. Arcu s Hem a lis, b erp an g k al p ad a d eret an ven t ral cen t ru m (h an ya t erd ap at d i
seb elah cau d al).
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f. Ca n a lis h em a lis, ron g g a yan g t erd ap at p ad a ven a d an a rt eri ca u d a lis.
g . Sp in a Hem a lis, lan ju t an d ari Arcu s Hem a lis.
Gam b ar 2. An at om i sist em ot ot p ad a ikan

(su m b er: h t t p s://w w w .b rit an n ica.com /scien ce/m u scle/Vert eb rat e-m u scle-syst em s)
Alat dan Bahan Prak t ik um

Sep asan g ik an Oreoch rom is n ilot icu s yan g t elah d ew asa (rep resen t at if), g u n t in g b ed ah ,
p isau b ed ah , b ak b ed ah , p in set , jaru m p en t u l, t issu e, p last ik , d an alat t u lis.
Cara Kerja
M at ik an ik an Oreoch rom is n ilot icu s yan g ak an d iam at i. Let ak k an ik an yan g t elah m at i d i
at as b ak b ed ah d an am at i m orfolog i t u b u h n ya. Bed ah b ag ian ab d om en ik an d an
k elu ark an selu ru h org an yan g t erd ap at p ad a b ag ian ab d om en d en g an h at i-h at i d an
ren t an g k an d i at as t em p at p eren t an g . Pisah k an m asin g -m asin g org an b erd asark an
sist em n ya (sist em p en cern aan , resp irasi, sirk u lasi, u rog en it al, d an saraf). Kem u d ian am b il
b ag ian ot ot d an t u lan g ik an . Ob servasi d an id en t ifik asi sem u a org an t erseb u t
b erd asark an sist em n ya. Cat at d an g am b ark an b esert a k et eran g an sem u a b ag ian -b ag ian
t u b u h ik an yan g d iam at i p ad a lem b aran k erja.
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ANATOM I AM PHIBIA
Tujuan Prak t ik um
Un t u k m en g et ah u i d an m em ah am i m orfolog i d an an at om i sist em t u b u h Am p h ib ia.
Landasan Teori
Bagian luar t ubuh Am phibia
Bag ian t u b u h am p h ib ia d ap at d ib ed ak an m en jad i t ig a b ag ian , yait u Ca p u t (k ep ala) ,
Tru n cu s (b ad an ), d an Ext rem it a s (an g g ot a t u b u h ). An u ra m em ilik i 2 jen is k u lit , ad a yan g
b erk u lit licin d an ad a yan g b erk u lit k asar at au b erb in t il-b in t il. Cap u t d an Tru n cu s p ad a
An u ra d ap at d ib ed ak an d en g an jelas, n am u n leh ern ya (Cervic) t id ak t erlih at jelas.
1. Pad a Cap u t Am p h ib ia t erd ap at :
a. Rim a Oris (Celah M u lu t ) yan g t erd iri at as M axila (rah an g at as) d an m an d ib u la
(rah an g b aw ah ).
b . Nares An t erior (Nares Ext ern a), sep asan g lu b an g h id u n g m en em b u s h in g g a k e
Cavu m Oris (Ron g g a M u lu t ).
c. Org an on Visu s (M at a), b eru k u ran b esar d an m en on jol. M at a t erd iri at as Palp eb ra
Su p erior (k elop ak m at a at as), Palp eb ra In ferior (Kelop ak m at a b aw ah ), d am
M em b ran Nict it an s (Selap u t M at a), lan ju t an d ari p alp eb ra In ferior.
d . M em b ran Tym p an i (Gen d an g Telin g a), b erju m lah sep asan g , t erlet ak d i b ag ian
p ost erior d ari Org an on Visu s, d an b esar. Pad a vert eb rat a d en g an t in g k at yan g
leb ih t in g g i, M em b ran Tym p an i t erlet ak d i d alam lu b an g t elin g a.
2. Pad a Tru n cu s t erd ap at :
a. D erm al (Ku lit ), t erd ap at b u t ir-b u t ir p ig m en d an Plica D orso Lat eralis (Lip at an Ku lit )
yan g t erd ap at p em b u lu h d arah d id alam n ya seh in g g a m elalu i k u lit d ap at t erjad i
p ert u k aran g as (resp irasi).
b . Cloaca p ad a u ju n g p ost erior t u b u h .
14
c. Ext rem it as t erd ap at d u a p asan g yait u Ext rem it as An t erior d an Ext rem it as
Post erior. Ext rem it as An t erior leb ih p en d ek d arip ad a Post erior. Sed an g k an p ad a
yan g jan t an m em ilik i b an t alan k aw in (Nu p t ia l Pa d ) yan g d ig u n ak an u n t u k
m en em p el p ad a b et in a saat k aw in . Ext rem it as b erfu n g si t eru t am a u n t u k
m elom p at d an b eren an g .
Ext rem it as An t erior t erd iri d ari:
• Bran ch iu m (len g an at as) yan g d isok on g oleh t u lan g Hu m eru s.
• An t eb ran ch iu m (len g an b aw ah ), yan g t erd ap at t u lan g Rad u s, Uln a,
M an u s (t elap ak t an g an ), Carp u s d an M et acarp u s.
• D ig it i (jari), m asin g -m asin g t erd iri d ari t ig a ru as Ph alan g es.
Ext rem it as Post erior t erd iri d ari:
• Fem u r (p ah a), d isok on g oleh t u lan g Fem u r.
• Cru s (k ak i b aw ah ) yan g d isok on g oleh t u lan g Tib io-Fib u la.
• Pes (t elap ak k ak i) d en g an t u lan g Tarsu s.
• D ig it i, lim a b u ah , m em p u n yai selap u t ren an g , d isok on g oleh t u lan g
Ph alan g es.
d . Bag ian k u lit p ad a An u ra t id ak m en em p el p ad a k u lit ot ot d ib aw ah n ya, b eru p a
ron g g a-ron g g a yan g b erisi cairan lym p h a yan g b erg u n a p ad a saat k ek u ran g an air.
Ron g g a-ron g g a in i d iseb u t Sa ccu s Lym p h a t icu s Su b cu t a n eu s, yan g d ib eri n am a
sesu ai d en g an let ak n ya yait u Sa ccu s Su b m a n d ib u la ris, Sa ccu s Pect ora lis, Sa ccu s
Bra ch ia lis (Hu m era lis), Sa ccu s Ab d om in a lis, Sa ccu s La t era lis, Sa ccu s Fem u ra lis,
d an Sa ccu s Cru ssa lis.
Bagian dalam t ubuh Am phibia (Sit us Viscerum )

Org an -org an t u b u h d i d alam ron g g a d ad a (Cavu m Th oracalis) d an ron g g a p eru t (Cavu m
Ab d om in alis) am p h ib ia t erd ap at :
a. Jan t u n g (Cor) t erlet ak d i b ag ian an t erior.
b . Salu ran art eri (Tru n cu s Art eriosu s) yan g k elu ar d ari ven t rik el jan t u n g m en u ju
an t erior d an b ercab an g k e arah lat eral m en jad i arcu s aort a.
c. Salu ran ven a (Ven a p u lm on alis) t ep at d i b aw ah Lin ea Alb a yan g m en u ju h ep ar.
d . Paru -p aru (Pu lm o) b erju m lah sep asan g b erw arn a m erah m u d a, t erlet ak d i b ag ian
k iri-k an an jan t u n g .
e. Hat i (Hep ar) t erd ap at p ad a b ag ian p ost erior d ari jan t u n g yan g b erw arn a cok lat .
15
f. Lam b u n g (Ven t ricu lu s) t erd ap at p ad a seb elah k iri d ari h ep ar, m elen g k u n g k e
k an an .
g . D u od en u m m eru p ak an salu ran p en cern aan lan ju t an d ari lam b u n g .
h . Ovariu m
i. Test is
j. Rect u m m eru p ak an b ag ian ak h ir d ari salu ran p en cern aan m en u ju k e k loak a.
k . Kloak a, lu b an g p en g elu aran .
l. Lym p h a yan g b erw arn a m erah k ecok lat an m en em p el p ad a in t est in u m
Sist em Pencernaan (D igest ive Syst em )

a. Ron g g a m u lu t (Cavu m oris)
b . Salu ran p en cern aan (Can alis D ig est ivu s) yan g t erd iri d ari Ph a ryn x, Oesop h a g u s,
ven t ricu lu s, in t est in u m t en u e, in t est in u m cra ssu m d an kloa ka .
c. Kelen jar p en cern aan (Glan d u la d ig est oria) yan g t erd iri d ari Hep a r (t ig a lob u s :
d ext er, cen t ra lis, sin ist er), Vesica velea.
Sist em Urogenit al (Urogenit alia Syst em )

a. Gin jal (Ren ) yan g b erju m lah sep asan g d alam b en t u k M eson efros b erw arn a
k ecok lat an .
b . Ovariu m , b erju m lah sep asan g , t erg an t u n g p ad a su at u selap u t yan g d iseb u t
M esova riu m .
c. Ovid u ct , b erju m lah sep asan g , t erlet ak d i k iri d an k an an Ren , d an b erb elit -b elit .
d . Corp u s a d ip osu m (b ad an lem ak /Fat Bod y), b erw arn a p u t ih k ek u n in g an , t erlet ak d i
at as ovariu m , m eru p ak an p ersed iaan m ak an an p ad a w ak t u m u sim k aw in .
e. Test is, b erju m lah sep asan g b erw arn a p u t ih k ek u n in g an , t erg an t u n g p ad a su at u
salap u t yan g d iseb u t M esorch iu m .
f. D u ct u s Urosp erm a t icu s
g . Vesica sem in a lis
Sist em Respirasi (Respirat ory Syst em )

a. An u ra b ern ap as d en g an in san g p ad a w ak t u m u d a (t ad p ole) d an d en g an p aru -p aru
d an k u lit p ad a saat d ew asa. Salu ran p ern ap asan n ya t erd iri d ari :
• Na res An t eriu s
16
• La ryn x yan g m em p u n yai d u a p it a elast is yan g d iseb u t Cord a Voca lis yan g
b erad a d i d alam Sa ccu s Voca lis. Ap ab ila u d ara d ik elu ark an d en g an cep at
d ari p u lm o, m ak a Cord a Voca lis ak an b erg et ar d an m en im b u lk an su ara.
• Pu lm o, b erju m lah sep asan g d an t erlet ak d i k iri d an k an an Ca vu m
Th ora ca lis.
Gam b ar 3. An at om i t u b u h kat ak (su m b er: Ud o M . Savalli)

D u a p asan g k at ak Fejerva rya sp . yan g t elah d ew asa (rep resen t at ive), g u n t in g b ed ah , b ak
b ed ah , p in set , jaru m p en t u l, t isu , p last ik , d an alat t u lis.
Cara Kerja
M at ik an Fejerva rya sp . d en g an cara d ib iu s m en g g u n ak an killin g b ot t le yan g t elah d ib eri
k ap as d an Ch loroform . Biark an b eb erap a saat h in g g a h ew an m at i. Let ak k an h ew an d i
17
at as b ak b ed ah d an am at i m orfolog i d ari h ew an t erseb u t . Bed ah b ag ian ab d om en d an
k elu ark an selu ru h org an yan g t erd ap at p ad a ab d om en d en g an h at i-h at i d an
d iren t an g k an d i at as t em p at p eren t an g . Pisah k an m asin g -m asin g org an b erd asark an
sist em n ya. Am b il b ag ian ot ot d an t u lan g u n t u k d iam at i. Am at i org an -org an yan g ad a
b esert a b ag ian ot ot d an t u lan g . Cat at d an g am b ark an b esert a k et eran g an sem u a b ag ian -
b ag ian t u b u h yan g d iam at i p ad a lem b aran k erja.
18
ANATOM I REPTILIA
Tujuan Prak t ik um
Un t u k m en g et ah u i d an m em ah am i m orfolog i d an an at om i sist em t u b u h Rep t ilia.
Landasan Teori
Bagian luar t ubuh rept ilia
Tu b u h rep t ilia secara u m u m d ib ed ak an m en jad i t ig a b ag ian , yait u Cap u t , Tru n cu s, d an
Cau d al. Rep t ilia m em ilik i k u lit t u b u h k erin g d an t ert u t u p oleh sisik (Sq u a m a ) at au
lem p en g ep id erm al. Sisik m en g an d u n g p rot ein k erat in yan g m en yeb ab k an k u lit m en jad i
k ed ap air d an m em b an t u m en ceg ah d eh id rasi d i u d ara yan g k erin g . Rep t il m eru p ak an
h ew an p oikilot erm . Rep t ilia m en g on t rol su h u t u b u h n ya b u k an d en g an m et ab olism e
t u b u h , m elain k an d en g an m elak u k an ad ap t asi t in g k ah lak u .
1. Pad a Cap u t Rep t ilia t erd ap at :
a . Rim a oris
b . Ca vu m Oris
c. Na res An t erior (Nares Ext ern a)
d . Org a n on visu s (M at a). Pad a u lar, t id ak t erd ap at selap u t m at a d an m at a u lar t id ak
b erk ed ip . M at a u lar d ilin d u n g i oleh k u t ik u la t ran sp aran . Pad a jen is Blin d Sn a ke
m at a vest ig ial d it u t u p i oleh sisik . Nam u n p ad a rep t il lain n ya, t erd ap at selap u t m at a
sep ert i p ad a Kad al d an Ku ra-k u ra.
e. M em b ran Tym p an i
f. Org an Jacob son , b erh u b u n g an d en g an ot ak p ad a rep t ilia. Org an in i m eru p ak an
org an yan g t erd iri d ari k u m p u lan saraf-saraf yan g b erp eran d alam p en ciu m an .
Org an in i d iseb u t ju g a Org a n Vom eron a sa l.
2. Pad a Tru n cu s Rep t ilia t erd ap at :
a. Sq u a m a (Sisik ), p ad a rep t ilia ak an m en g alam i M olt in g (Sh ed d in g ) at au p erg an t ian
k u lit . Sisik b erasal d ari p rot ein k erat in p ad a t u b u h n ya.
b . Cloaca
c. Cau d al, d it u t u p i oleh sisik d an d ig u n ak an seb ag ai alat b an t u d alam p erg erak an .
19
Bagian dalam t ubuh Rept ilia (Sit us Vicerum )
Org an -org an yan g t erd ap at p ad a t u b u h b ag ian d alam Rep t ilia ad alah :
a. Jan t u n g (Cor)
b . Paru -p aru (Pu lm o) yan g b erju m lah sep asan g d an t erlet ak p ad a b ag ian Th orax
c. Hat i (Hep ar) b erw arn a m erah k ecok lat an
d . Lam b u n g (Ven t ricu lu s)
e. In t est in u m (I. Ten u e d an I. Crassu m )
f. Ovariu m
g . Test is
h . Lym p h a
Gam b ar 4 . Sit u s viceru m d an sist em ran g ka p ad a u lar

(su m b er: h t t p ://w w w .an im alsp ot .n et /cat eg ory/rep t iles)
Sist em pencernaan (D igest ive Syst em )

a. Cavu m Oris
b . Can alis D ig est ivu s: Ph aryn x, Oesop h ag u s, ven t ricu lu s, in t est in u m t en u e, in t est in u m
crassu m , k loak a.
c. Glan d u la D ig est oria: Hep ar, Vesica felea, d an Pan creas.
20
Sist em urogenit al (Urogenit alia Syst em )
a. Ren , b erju m lah sep asan g d an m em an jan g (M eson efros).
b . Ovariu m , b erju m lah sep asan g yan g d id alam n ya t erd ap at ovu m .
c. Ovid u ct , b erju m lah sep asan g , t erlet ak d i k iri d an k an an , d an b erb elit -b elit .
d . Corp u s ad ip osu m (b ad an lem ak /Fat Bod y), b erw arn a p u t ih k ek u n in g an , t erlet ak d i
at as ovariu m .
e. Test is, b erju m lah sep asan g .
Sist em respirasi (Respirat ory Syst em )

a. Trach ea, p an jan g d en g an d in d in g n ya d ilen g k ap i oleh seju m lah cin cin cart ilag o.
b . Laryn x, t erlet ak d i u ju n g an t erior Trach ea. D in d in g Laryn x d ilen g k ap i oleh Ca rt ila g o
Cricoid a d an Ca rt ila g o An yt en oid ea . Ke arah p ost erior Trach ea m em b en t u k
p ercab an g an (Bifu rca t io) m en jad i Bron ch u s D ext er d an Bron ch u s Sin ist er.
c. Pu lm o, b erju m lah sep asan g d an m eru p ak an m u ara d ari Bron ch u s.
Gam b ar 5. Sist em ot ot p ad a rep t il

(Su m b er: h t t p s://w w w .b rit an n ica.com /scien ce/m u scle/Vert eb rat e-m u scle-syst em s)
Sist em ot ot dan rangk a

Rep t ilia m em ilik i sist em ot ot yan g leb ih k om p lek s d ib an d in g k an am p h ib ia k aren a ot ot
d ag in g h aru s m en d u k u n g t u b u h u n t u k b erg erak d i d arat an d an g erak an t erseb u t h aru s
21
cep at . Ot ot rep t il m em ilik i fu n g si u t am a u n t u k g erak an lat eral t u b u h d an m en g g erak k an
ru as-ru as t u lan g b elak an g . Ot ot rep t il t erb ag i at as :
a. Sp in alis, t erlet ak d i b ag ian d alam
b . Ot ot Sem isp in alis lat eral. Ot ot yan g ag ak m em an jan g p ad a p osisi t u lan g b elak an g
at au sejajar t en g k orak .

Sep asan g D en d rela p h is sp . at au Eu t rop is sp . yan g t elah d ew asa (rep resen t at ive), g u n t in g
b ed ah , b ak b ed ah , p in set , jaru m p en t u l, t isu , p last ik , Killin g Bot t le d an alat t u lis.
Cara Kerja
Biu s h ew an m en g g u n ak an killin g b ot t le yan g t elah d ib eri k ap as d an Ch loroform . Biark an
b eb erap a saat h in g g a h ew an p in g san . Let ak k an h ew an d i at as b ak b ed ah d an am at i
m orfolog i d ari h ew an t erseb u t . Bed ah b ag ian ab d om en d en g an h at i-h at i. Am at i d an
d ok u m en t asik an sit u s viceru m seb elu m d ik elu ark an . Kelu ark an selu ru h org an yan g
t erd ap at p ad a ab d om en d en g an h at i-h at i d an ren t an g k an d i t em p at p eren t an g .
Pisah k an m asin g -m asin g org an b erd asark an sist em n ya. Am b il b ag ian ot ot d an t u lan g
u n t u k d iam at i. Am at i org an -org an yan g ad a b esert a b ag ian ot ot d an t u lan g . Cat at d an
g am b ark an b esert a k et eran g an sem u a b ag ian -b ag ian t u b u h yan g d iam at i p ad a lem b ar
k erja p rak t ik u m .
22
ANATOM I AVES
Tujuan Prak t ik um
Un t u k m en g et ah u i d an m em ah am i m orfolog i d an an at om i sist em t u b u h Aves.
Landasan Teori
Bagian luar t ubuh Aves
1. Pad a cap u t aves t erd ap at :
a. Rost ru m (Paru h ) yan g d ib en t u k oleh M axilla (Rah an g At as) d an M an d ib u la (Rah an g
Baw ah ).
b . Na res (Lu b an g Hid u n g ), t erd ap at p ad a b ag ian lat eral d ari Rost ru m b ag ian at as.
c. Cera , yait u su at u t on jolan lu n ak p ad a b asis rost ru m b ag ian at as.
d . Org a n on visu s, d ik elilin g i oleh k u lit yan g b erb u lu , iris b erw arn a k u n in g at au jin g g a
k em erah an , p u p il relat if b esar, d an m em b ran n ict it an s t erd ap at p ad a su d u t m ed ial
m at a.
e. Poru s Acu st icu s Ext ern u s (Lu b an g Telin g a Lu ar), t erd ap at d i seb elah d orso cau d al
m at a, m em b ran t ym p an i t erd ap at d i seb elah d alam d an b erg u n a u n t u k
m en an g k ap g et aran su ara.
2. Tru n cu s aves d ilip u t i oleh b u lu -b u lu , p ad a u rop yg iu m (b ru t u ) b erp an g k al b u lu -b u lu
ek or. Aves m em ilik i m u ara k elen jar m in yak yan g d iseb u t g la n d u la u rop yg ia lis yan g
b erfu n g si u n t u k m em in yak i b u lu -b u lu yan g ad a p ad a t u b u h n ya. Bu lu -b u lu p ad a aves
b erfu n g si u n t u k m elin d u n g i k u lit d ari cu aca yan g t id ak cocok . Berd asark an
b en t u k n ya, b u lu -b u lu in i d ib ag i at as 3 b ag ian , yait u :
a. Plu m a e (Bu lu Pelin d u n g ), b ag ian -b ag ian n ya sep ert i Ca la m u s (t an g k ai b u lu ),
Ra ch is (lan ju t an d ari Calam u s), Um b ilicu s In ferior (Lu b an g p ad a b ag ian d ist al
Calam u s yan g m elan ju t k an d iri seb ag ai Su lcu s p ad a Rach is) d an Vexillu m .
b . Plu m u la e, t erd ap at d i b aw a b u lu p elin d u n g aves yan g m asih m u d a. Kad an g -
k ad an g ju g a t erd ap at p ad a b u ru n g yan g sed an g m en g eram i t elu r-t elu rn ya.
Plu m u la e ju g a m em ilik i Ca la m u s p en d ek , Ra ch is yan g ag ak m ered u k si, Ba rb a e
p an jan g , d an flek sib el.
23
c. Filop lu m a e (Bu lu Halu s), fu n g sin ya b elu m d ik et ah u i, t u m b u h p ad a selu ru h t u b u h
ak an t et ap i jarak n ya san g at p an jan g , ju g a m em p u n yai t an g k ai p an jan g d an
b eb erap a b a rb a e d an b a rb u la e.
Pen g g olon g an b u lu m en u ru t let ak n ya seb ag ai b erik u t :
a. Rem ig es (Bu lu p ad a Sayap ), d i sin i Vexillu m a sym et ris, b erg u n a u n t u k t erb an g .
M en u ru t t em p at n ya m elek at p ad a sayap , Rem ig es t erb ag i at as :
• Rem ig es Prim er (t erd ap at p ad a D ig it i d an M et acarp al)
• Rem ig es Sek u n d er (t erd ap at p ad a d aerah u ln a)
• Rem ig es Tersier (t erd ap at p ad a d aerah h u m eru s)
b . Rect rices, t erd ap at p ad a ek or d an b erg u n a seb ag ai k em u d i.
c. Tet rices (b u lu yan g m en u t u p i b ad an )
d . Pa ra p t eru m , b u lu yan g t erd ap at p ad a d aerah b ah u , an t ara b ad an d an sayap .
e. Alu la siva Ala Sp u ria , b u lu -b u lu k ecil yan g m elek at p ad a jari k e II p ad a ext rem it as
su p erior.
3. Ext rem it as aves t erd iri d ari:
a. Ext rem it as An t erior (b eru p a Sayap )
Bag ian -b ag ian sk elet on d ari b ag ian p roxim al k e d ist al, t erd iri d ari :
• Hu m eru s (Tu lan g Len g an At as) b ersen d i p ad a Cavit as p en g u m p il.
• Ra d iu s (Tu lan g Pen g u m p il), Uln a (Tu lan g Hast a)
• Ossa Ca rp a lia (Tu lan g Perg elan g an Tan g an ), p ad a aves t in g g al 2 b u ah , yait u
Os Sca p h oid eu m (m en em p el p ad a rad iu s) d an Os Cu n ciform e (m en em p el
p ad a Uln a).
• Ca rp o-Pert a ca rp u s, p ersat u an an t ara Ossa Ca rp a lia d en g an Ossa
M et a ca rp a lia .
• D ig it i
b . Ext rem it as Post erior (Tu n g k ai)
Bag ian -b ag ian sk elet eon d ari b ag ian p roxim al k e d ist al, t erd iri d ari :
• Fem u r (Tu lan g Pah a) d an Pa t ella (Tu lan g Lu t u t )
• Fib io Ta rsu s, yait u p ersat u an d ari 2 t u lan g , t ib ia (Tu lan g Kerin g ) d an Ta rsa lia .
• Fib u la (Tu lan g Bet is), b iasan ya k ecil sek ali d an p en d ek .
• Ta rso-M et a t a rsu s ad alah p ersat u an an t ara 2 t u lan g , yait u Ta rsa lia (Tu lan g
Perg elan g an Kak i) d en g an M et a t a rsa lia (Tu lan g t elap ak k ak i).
24
• Ph a la n g es (Tu lan g -t u lan g jari), d i sin i jari-jarin ya seb an yak 4 b u ah . M asin g -
m asin g jari m em ilik i Fa lcu la .
Gam b ar 6. An at om i ran g ka Aves

(su m b er: h t t p s://i.p in im g .com /736x/0 c/5b /c7/0 c5b c7fd 0 8290 7c774 3eacd ac174 a32e.jp g )
Sist em Pencernaan (Syst em a D igest oria)

Sist em Terd iri at as 2 b ag ian , yait u :
1. Tract u s D ig est ivu s
a. Rost ru m (Paru h ), Ca vu m Oris (M axila d an M an d ib u la t id ak m em ilik i g ig i, Lin g u a
k ecil d an p an jan g sert a d ilap isi lap isan t an d u k ), Ph aryn x p en d ek .
b . Oesop h ag u s
c. In g lu vien s (Tem b olok ), seb ag ai reservoir m ak an an yan g b isa d iisi d en g an cep at .
Tem b olok m eru p ak an t em p at p en yim p an an m ak an an sem en t ara. Pad a b u ru n g
p em ak an b iji-b ijian b eru p a t on jolan d ari Oesop h ag u s d ari seb elah ven t ral. Pad a
b u ru n g p em ak an d ag in g d an in sect a b eru p a t on jolan Oesop h ag u s yan g m elip u t i
d aerah yan g ag ak p an jan g .
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d . Proven t ricu lu s (Lam b u n g Kelen jar), b an yak m en g an d u n g k elen jar, d in d in g ot ot n ya
t ip is. Pad a org an in i t erjad i p en cern aan secara k im iaw i.
e. Ven t ricu lu s (Lam b u n g Pen g u n yah ), d in d in g ot ot n ya t eb al, k elen jar Pyloru sn ya
m en g h asilk an secret . D i d alam ven t ricu lu s t erd ap at b at u -b at u k ecil at au p asir d an
lem b aran k erat in oid yan g d iseb u t Heer’s Teet h yan g b erg u n a m em b an t u
p en cern aan .
f. In t est in u m Ten u e, org an in i m em ilik i M esen t eriu m , yait u alat p en g g an t u n g u su s.
g . In t est in u m Crassu m
h . Caeca at au Caecu m
i. Cloaca
2. Glan d u la D ig est oria
a. Hep a r, b erw arn a k em erah -m erah an yan g t erd iri at as 2 lob u s, yait u Lob u s D ext er
d an Lob u s Sin ist er. Tiap -t iap lob u s m em ilik i sat u D u ct u s Hep a t icu s yan g b erm u ara
p ad a In t est in u m Ten u e.
b . Vesica Fellea , ad a yan g m em ilik in ya d an ad a yan g t id ak .
c. Pa n crea s, t erlet ak an t ara Pa rs Ascen d en s d an Pa rs D escen d en s D u od en u m .
Sist em Respirasi (Syst em a Respirat orius)

1. Na res
2. La ryn x, t erd iri d ari t u lan g raw an , m em b at asi su at u ru an g an yan g d iseb u t Glot is.
3. Tra ch ea , m em p u n yai cin cin t u lan g yan g d iseb u t An n u lu s Tra ch ea lis. Trach ea
b ercab an g m en jad i Bron ch u s D ext er d an Sin ist er. Tem p at p ercab an g an n ya d iseb u t
Bifu rca t io Tra ch ea e.
4 . Syryn k (Alat su ara), t erd ap at ot ot yan g b erfu n g si d alam m en im b u lk an su ara yait u
M u scu lu s St ern ot ra ch ea lis d an M u scu lu s Syrin g ia lis.
5. Pu lm o, b erju m lah sep asan g .
6. Sa ccu s Pn eu m a t icu s (Kan t u n g Haw a at au Pu n d i-Pu n d i Ud ara), b erju m lah sem b ilan
d ian t aran ya :
a. 2 k an t on g d i leh er (Saccu s Pn eu m at icu s Cervicalis)
b . 1 k an t on g d i an t ara t u lan g selan g k a (Saccu s Pn eu m at icu s Korak oid /In t erclavicu lar)
c. 2 k an t on g d i d ad a d ep an (Saccu s Pn eu m at icu s Th oracalis An t erior)
d . 2 k an t on g d i d ad a b elak an g (Saccu s Pn eu m at icu s Th oracalis Post erior)
e. 2 k an t on g d i p eru t (Saccu s Pn eu m at icu s Ab d om in alis)
26
Gam b ar 7. Org an Resp irat ori p ad a Aves (a) Saccu s Pn eu m at icu s Cervicalis, (b ) Saccu s Pn eu m at icu s
Korakoid /In t erclavicu lar, (c) Saccu s Pn eu m at icu s Th oracalis An t erior, (d ) Saccu s Pn eu m at icu s
Th oracalis Post erior, (e) Saccu s Pn eu m at icu s Ab d om in alis
Sist em urogenit al (Syst em a Urogenit alia)

1. Syst em a Urop oet ica, t erd iri d ari:
a. Ren , t ip e m et an ep h ros, b erju m lah sep asan g yan g m asin g -m asin g n ya t erd iri d ari 3
lob u s.
b . Uret er, b erju m lah sep asan g , t id ak t erd ap at Vesica Urin aria, b erm u ara d i cloaca
(Urod eu m ).
c. Cloaca, t em p at b erm u aran ya salu ran -salu ran k elam in , k en cin g , d an m ak an an
yan g t erb ag i m en jad i t ig a b ag ian :
• Urod eu m : t em p at b erm u aran ya salu ran k en cin g d an salu ran k elam in .
• Cop rod eu m : t em p at b erm u aran ya salu ran m ak an an .
• Prot od eu m : salu ran k elu ar t u b u h .
2. Syst em a Gen it alia
a. Syst em a Gen it alia M ascu lin a (Jan t an )
• Test is, b erb en t u k oval d an b erju m lah sep asan g .
• Ep id id im ys, b erju m lah sep asan g d an b eru k u ran k ecil, t erlet ak p ad a sisi d orsal
d ari t est is.
• D u ct u s D eferen s, b erju m lah sep asan g d an b erm u ara k e Cloaca (Urod eu m ).
• M esorch iu m , alat p en g g an t u n g t est is.
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b . Syst em a Gen it alia Fem in a (Bet in a)
Um u m n ya h an ya seb elah k iri saja yan g t u m b u h d en g an b aik , sed an g k an seb elah
k an an ru d im en t er, yan g t erd iri d ari:
• Ovariu m
• Ovid u ct , t erd iri at as In fu n d ib u lu m Tu b ae, Tu b a, d an Ut eru s.
• M esovariu m , alat p en g g an t u n g ovariu m .
• M esosh alp in x, alat p en g g an t u n g ovid u ct .
Sist em ot ot (Syst em a M uscularis)

Tu b u h aves d isu su n at as ot ot -ot ot yan g m elek at p ad a ran g k a. W arn a ot ot p ad a ayam
b erb ed a d en g an b u ru n g p ad a u m u m n ya. Ot ot ayam b erw arn a p u t ih sed an g k an ot ot
b u ru n g b erw arn a m erah . W arn a m erah m eru p ak an w arn a m iog lob in . Sem ak in b an yak
m iog lob in p ad a ot ot , m ak a sem ak in m erah w arn a ot ot . Fu n g si m iog lob in sam a d en g an
fu n g si h em og lob in p ad a d arah , yait u seb ag ai p en g ik at ok sig en .
Alat dan Bahan Prak t ik um :

Sep asan g St rep t op elia ch in en sis yan g t elah d ew asa, g u n t in g b ed ah , b ak b ed ah , p in set ,
cu t t er, jaru m su n t ik , jaru m p en t u l, t isu , p last ik , Killin g Bot t le d an alat t u lis.
Cara Kerja :
Biu s h ew an d en g an in jek si ch loroform 0 ,25 cc. Biark an b eb erap a saat h in g g a h ew an
p in g san . Let ak k an h ew an d i at as b ak b ed ah d an d iam at i m orfolog i d ari h ew an t erseb u t ,
t erm asu k t ip e-t ip e b u lu yan g ad a p ad a t u b u h n ya. Bu lu -b u lu yan g ad a d icab u t i d an
b ed ah b ag ian ab d om en d en g an h at i-h at i. Am at i d an d ok u m en t asik an sit u s viceru m
seb elu m d ik elu ark an . Kelu ark an selu ru h org an yan g t erd ap at p ad a ab d om en d en g an
h at i-h at i d an ren t an g k an d i at as t em p at p eren t an g . Pisah k an m asin g -m asin g org an
b erd asark an sist em n ya. Kem u d ian am b il b ag ian ot ot d an t u lan g u n t u k d iam at i. Am at i
org an -org an yan g ad a b esert a b ag ian ot ot d an t u lan g . Cat at d an g am b ark an b esert a
k et eran g an sem u a b ag ian -b ag ian t u b u h yan g d iam at i p ad a lem b ar k erja p rak t ik u m .
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ANATOM I M AM M ALIA
Tujuan Prak t ik um
Un t u k m en g et ah u i d an m em ah am i m orfolog i d an an at om i sist em t u b u h M am m alia.
Landasan Teori
Bagian luar t ubuh m am m alia
Tu b u h m am m alia d it u t u p i oleh ram b u t p ad a p erm u k aan t u b u h . Tu b u h d ap at d ib ed ak an
at as em p at b ag ian , yait u Cap u t , Tru n cu s, Cau d a, d an Ek st rem n it as.
1. Cap u t
a. Rim a oris, m eru p ak an celah yan g d ib at asi oleh lab iu m su p erior d an lab iu m in ferior.
Terd ap at Vib rissae (k u m is/su n g u t ) d an m elalu i celah b ib ir d ap at t erlih at d u ah b u ah
d en t is in cicivu s.
b . Cavu m oris
c. Nares
d . Org an on visu s, m em ilik i p alp eb ra su p erior d an p alp eb ra in ferior.
e. Au ricu lae (D au n Telin g a)
2. Tru n cu s
Tru n cu s d ih u b u n g k an d en g an cap u t oleh leh er yan g p en d ek (Collu m /Cervics).
Tru n cu s d ap at d ib ag i m en jad i b eb erap a d aerah :
a. D aerah Th orax d en g an Cavu m Th oracis, t erd ap at p u lm o d an cor d id alam n ya. Pad a
t h orax ju g a t erd ap at p ap illa m am m ae seb an yak sep asan g d i k iri d an k an an d ari
m ed ial d aerah In g u in al. Pap ila m am m ae m eru p ak an t on jolan d im an a
b erm u aran ya g lan d u la m am m ae. Pad a jan t an , p ap ila m am m ae m en g alam i
ru d im en t er t et ap i m asih ad a.
b . D aerah Ab d om en d en g an Cavu m Ab d om in alis, t erd ap at Tract u s D ig est ivu s d an
Urog en it alia.
c. D aerah D orsu m (Pu n g g u n g )
d . D aerah Glu t ae (d aerah p an t at )
e. D aerah In g u in al (lip at an p ah a)
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3. Cau d a
An u s, t erlet ak ven t ral d ari p an g k al ek or d an d i seb elah ven t ral d ari lu b an g an u s
t erd ap at Poru s Urog en it alia (Lu b an g Gen it alia). Pad a b et in a t erd ap at Vu lva d i k iri d an
k an an d ib at asi oleh Lab iu m M ayor d an d i b ag ian u ju n g Ven t rocran ial d ari p oru s
u rog en it alia t erd ap at Clit oris, sed an g k an yan g jan t an t erd ap at p en is.
4 . Ek st rem it as
a. Ek t rem it as an t erior, m em ilik i b ag ian -b ag ian Brach iu m yan g d i sok on g oleh Os.
Hu m eru s. An t eb rach iu m d isok on g oleh Os. Rad iu s d an Os. Uln a sert a M an u s yan g
d isok on g oleh Os. M et acarp alia, Carp alia yan g m asin g -m asin g m em p u n yai 4 d ig it i
yan g d isok on g oleh Os. Ph alan g es. Set iap u ju n g jari t erd ap at Falcu la.
b . Ek t rem it as p ost erior, leb ih p an jan g d ari ek t rem it as an t erior yan g t erd iri d ari fem u r
yan g d isok on g oleh Os. Fem u r. Cru s yan g d isok on g oleh Os. Tib ia d an Os.
M et at arsalia.
Bagian dalam t ubuh m am m alia

1. Sist em p en cern aan (Syst em a D ig est oria)
Terd iri at as d u a b ag ian , yait u :
a. Tract u s D ig est ivu s
• Cavu m Oris
• Oesop h ag u s
• Ven t ricu lu s, t erlet ak p ad a b ag ian Cavu m Ab d om in alis. Salu ran an t ara
Oesop h ag u s d an Ven t ricu lu s d in am ak an Sp h in ct er Card iac.
• In t est in u m Ten u e, t erd iri at as D u od en u m , Jeju n u m , d an Ileu m .
• Caecu m , k an t u n g yan g m en g u b u n g k an an t ara In t est in u m t en u e d an
In t est in u m Crassu m . Pad a h ew an h erb ivora, caecu m b eru k u ran b esar d an
m em ilik i en zim selu lolit ik yan g d ig u n ak an u n t u k m en cern a selu losa. Pad a
m an u sia, k arn ivora d an om n ivora lain n ya m em ilik i caecu m b eru k u ran k ecil
yan g d iseb u t d en g an Ap p en d ic.
• In t est in u m Crassu m , at au serin g d iseb u t d en g an Colon yan g b erfu n g si d alam
p en yerap an air.
• Rect u m , b ag ian t ract u s d ig est ivu s yan g p alin g p en d ek d an t erlet ak p alin g
b elak an g m en d ek at i an u s. Rect u m b erfu n g si m en yim p an feses sem en t ara
seb elu m d ik elu ark an d ari t u b u h .
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• An u s
b . Glan d u la D ig est oria
• Hep ar, t erlet ak d i seb elah k an an ab d om en d i b aw ah d iafrag m a.
• Lym p h , b erw arn a m erah t u a d an m en em p el p ad a b ag ian Ven t ricu lu s.
• Pan creas, t erlih at sep ert i seb u ah m em b ran t ip is. Biasan ya d it em u k an p ad a
b ag ian loop U d ari D u od en u m .
Gam b ar 8. An at om i sist em p en cern aan p ad a Rod en t ia
2. Sist em resp irasi (Syst em a Resp irat oriu s)

a. Cavu m n asi, yan g d ip isak an sat u sam a lain oleh sep t u m n asi.
b . Laryn x, m em iik i ep ig lot t is yan g fu n g sin ya m en ceg ah lew at n ya m ak an an k e d alam
Laryn x d an Tract u s Resp irat oriu s b ag ian b aw ah .
c. Trach ea, p ad a b ag ian p ost erior m em b en t u k d u a cab an g d ari Bron ch u s p rim er d an
ak an m em asu k i p u lm o. Trach ea d an Bron ch u s m em ilik i An n u lu s Trach ealis (Cin cin
Kart ilag o) yan g t ert an am d i d in d in g salu ran t erseb u t . D i d alam p u lm o, b ron ch u s
t erb ag i m en jad i cab an g sek u n d er yan g d iseb u t d en g an Bron ch iolu s.
d . Pu lm o, m em ilik i 1 lob u s p ad a p u lm o sin ist er d an 4 lob u s (Lob u s Cran ial, Lob u s
M ed ial, Lob u s Cau d al, d an Lob u s Accessories) p ad a p u lm o d ext er. Pu lm o m em ilik i
selap u t p elin d u n g yan g d iseb u t d en g an Pleu ra.
3. Sist em sirk u lasi (Syst em a Circu lat oria)
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a. Cor, b eru an g em p at d en g an sep t u m yan g t elah sem p u rn a.
b . Cab an g Aort a Th oracalis
• Art eri Koron er yan g t erlet ak d i sek it ar Cord a b erfu n g si m em asok Cor d en g an
ok sig en d i d arah .
• Cab an g k eat as yan g p ert am a d ari Aort a ad alah Art eri Brach iocep h alicu s yan g
t erb ag i m en jad i Art eri Carot is Com u n is D ext er yan g b erfu n g si m en su p lai sisi
k an an leh er d an k ep ala, d an Art eri Su b clavia D ext er yan g b erfu n g si m en su p lai
b ah u d an len g an k an an .
• Pad a b ag ian p alin g an t erior d ari t ik u n g an Aort a ad alah Art eri Carot is Com u n is
Sin ist er yan g b erfu n g si m en su p lai d arah k e sisi k iri leh er.
• Pad a seb elah k iri Art eri Carot is Com u n is Kiri ad alah Art eri Su b clavia Sin ist er
yan g b erfu n g si m en su p lai d arah k e b ah u d an len g an k iri. Art eri Su b lclavia
b eru b ah m en jad i Art eri Ak silaris saat m em asu k i len g an b aw ah
c. Cab an g Aort a Ab d om in alis
• Cab an g Art eri p ert am a d ari Aort a Ab d om in al (d i b aw ah d iafrag m a) ad alah
Art eri Celiaca yan g k em u d ian b ercab an g k e Art eri Gast rica yan g b erfu n g si
m en su p lai Gast er/Lam b u n g , Art eri Hep at ik a yan g b erfu n g si m en su p lai
Hep ar/Hat i, lim p a d an Art eri Sp len ica yan g b erfu n g si m en su p lai Lim p a.
• Art eri k ed u a yan g t ercab an g d ari Art eri Ab d om in alis ad alah Art eri M esen t erik a
Su p erior yan g b eru k u ran leb ih b esar d ari Art eri Celiaca d an b erfu n g si
m em b erik an d arah lan g su n g k e Usu s Halu s. Art eri Ren alis b eru k u ran p en d ek
d an m en g arah lan g su n g k e Gin jal
• Pad a b ag ian p ost erior d ari Art eri Ren alis ad alah Art eri Gen it alia yan g b erfu n g si
m en su p lai Test is at au Ovariu m .
• Pad a t en g ah -t en g ah Aort a Ab d om in alis t erd ap at Art eri Iliolu m b alis yan g
m en su p lai ot ot -ot ot p u n g g u n g .
• Art eri M esen t erik a In ferior yan g m en g arah k e Usu s Bu n t u .
• Aort a Ab d om in alis p ad a b ag ian u ju n g b ercab an g m en jad i Art eri Coccig ea yan g
b erfu n g si m en su p lai sep an jan g ek or d an b iasan ya d ig u n ak an untuk
m en g am b il d arah p ad a Rod en t ia (M en cit , Tik u s, at au M arm u t ) d en g an
m em ot on g n ya.
32
• Aort a Ab d om in alis p ad a b ag ian u ju n g ju g a t erb ag i m em b en t u k Art eri Iliaca
yan g m en su p lai d arah k e d aerah p elvis d an k ak i b elak an g . Art eriIliaca
k em u d ian b ercab an g m en jad i Art eri Fem oralis p ad a reg ion Fem u ralis.
d . Cab an g Ven a d i selu ru h t u b u h
• Ven a Cava Su p erior D ext er d an Sin ist er b erfu n g si m en g u m p u lk an d arah d ari
b ag ian at as t u b u h yan g d isalu rk an k e at riu m k an an .
• Ven a Su b k lavia t erb ag i m en jad i Ven a Ju g u laris Ek st ern al d an Ven a Ak silaris.
• Ven a Cava In ferior m em b aw a d arah d ari b ag ian b aw ah t u b u h k e at riu m k an an .
Ven a h ep at ica m en g u m p u lk an d arah d ari h at i d an m em asu k i Ven a Cava
In ferior d i d ek at d iafrag m a.
• Ven a Ren alis m en g u m p u lk an d arah d ari g in jal.
• Ven a Gen it alis m em b aw a d arah d ari Gon ad d an m asu k k e Ven a Cava In ferior.
• Ven a Iliaca d an Ven a Fem oralis m em b aw a d arah d ari k ak i sert a Ven a Coccig ea
m em b aw a d arah d ari ek or.
Gam b ar 9. Percab an g an sist em sirku lasi p ad a Rod en t ia
4. Sist em u rog en it al (Syst em a Urog en it alia)

a. Syst em a Urop oet ica
• Ren , t ip e m et an ep h ros d an b erju m lah sep asan g .
• Uret er, b erju m lah sep asan g .
33
• Vesica Urin aria (Kan d u n g Kem ih )
• Uret ra
b . Syt em a Gen it alia
Syst em a Gen it a lia M a scu lin a (Ja n t a n )
• Test is, b erju m lah sep asan g
• Ep id id im ys
• Vas D eferen s
• Pen is
Syst em a Gen it a lia Fem in a (Bet in a )
Org an Gen it alia In t ern a:
• Ovariu m , b erju m lah sep asan g .
• Ovid u ct , at au serin n g ju g a d iseb u t Tu b a Falop ii
• Ut eru s, m em ilik i t ip e D u p lex.
• Cervix
• Vag in a
Org an Gen it alia Ext ern a:
• Vest ib u lu m
• Lab ia, t erb ag i m en jad i Lab ia M ajora d an Lab ia M in ora
• Clit oris
Gam b ar 10 . An at om i sist em rep rod u ksi p ad a Rod en t ia

(Su m b er: h t t p s://w w w .b iolog ycorn er.com /w orksh eet s/rat _d issect ion 0 7.h t m l)
34
5. Sist em ran g k a d an ot ot (Syst em a En d osk elet on d an M u scu laria)
Secara u m u m Sk elet on d isu su n at as :
a. Sk elet Axial
• Cran iu m (Tu lan g Ten g k orak )
• Colu m n a Vert eb ralis (Tu lan g Belak an g )
• St ern u m (Tu lan g D ad a)
• Cost ae (Tu lan g Ru su k )
b . Sk elet Ep en d ix
Alat D an Bahan Prak t ik um :

Sep asan g M u s m u scu lu s yan g t elah d ew asa (rep resen t at ive), g u n t in g b ed ah , b ak b ed ah ,
p in set , jaru m p en t u l, t isu , p last ik , d an alat t u lis.
Cara Kerja :
M at ik an h ew an d en g an cara d islok asi vert eb rae cervicalis. Let ak k an h ew an d i at as b ak
b ed ah d an am at i m orfolog i d ari h ew an t erseb u t , t erm asu k ju m lah m am m ae d an d ig it i.
Bed ah b ag ian ab d om en d en g an h at i-h at i. Am at i d an d ok u m en t asik an sit u s viceru m
seb elu m d ik elu ark an . Kelu ark an selu ru h org an yan g t erd ap at p ad a ab d om en d en g an
h at i-h at i d an ren t an g k an d i at as t em p at p eren t an g . Pisah k an m asin g -m asin g org an
b erd asark an sist em n ya. Kem u d ian am b il b ag ian ot ot d an t u lan g u n t u k d iam at i. Am at i
org an -org an yan g ad a b esert a b ag ian ot ot d an t u lan g . Cat at d an g am b ark an b esert a
k et eran g an sem u a b ag ian -b ag ian t u b u h yan g d iam at i p ad a b u k u lem b ar k erja
p rak t ik u m .
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HISTOLOGI SISTEM PENCERNAAN
Tujuan Prak t ik um
Un t u k m en g et ah u i, m en g id en t ifik asi d an m em ah am i h ist olog i org an p ad a sist em
p en cern aan vert eb rat a.
Landasan Teori
Sist em p en cern aan t erd iri at as salu ran cern a (ron g g a m u lu t , farin g , esop h ag u s, lam b u n g ,
u su s h alu s, u su s b esar, rect u m d an an u s) d an k elen jar p en cern aan (h at i, p an creas, d an
k elen jar lu d ah ). Secara u m u m b en t u k d asar salu ran p en cern aan t erd iri d ari:
a. Lu m en
b . Lap isan m u k osa
c. Lap isan su b m u k osa
d . Lap isan m u sk u laris
e. Lap isan serosa/ lap isan ad ven t it ia
Rongga m ulut
Pad a ron g g a m u lu t t erd ap at b ib ir, lid ah d an g ig i.
1. Lid ah
Pad a p erm u k aan d orsal lid ah t erd ap at 3 m acam p ap illa, yait u :
a. Pap illa filiform is : t erseb ar d ip erm u k aan lid ah , b eru p a t on jolan -t on jolan yan g
m eru n cin g p ad a b ag ian u ju n g n ya, t id ak t erd ap at p u t t in g p en g ecap (t a st e b u d s).
b . Pap illa fu n g iform is : ju m lah n ya leb ih sed ik it , p ap illa b erb en t u k sep ert i jam u r,
t erd ap at t est b u d s. Pap illa in i t erseb ar secara acak d ian t ara p ap illa filiform is.
c. Pap illa sircu m valllat a : p ap illa t erb esar d ilid ah , b erb en t u k sep ert i g aris h u ru f V.
36
Gam b ar 11. Pap illa filliform is p ad a p erm u kaan lid ah
(su m b er: h t t p s://h ist olog y.m ed icin e.u m ich .ed u /fu ll-slid e-list )
Gam b ar 12. Pap illa circu m vallat a p ad a p erm u kaan lid ah

(su m b er: h t t p s://h ist olog y.m ed icin e.u m ich .ed u /fu ll-slid e-list )
Oesophagus
37
Lap isan -lap isan p ad a oesop h ag u s ad alah :
1. Lu m en
2. Tu n ica m u cosa :
a. t ersu su n d ari ep it el b erlap is b an yak p ip ih m en an d u k
b . lam in a p rop ria b eru p a jarin g an ik at lon g g ar
c. m u scu laris m u cosa, t erd iri d ari sel-sel ot ot p olos yan g t ersu su n m em an jan g d an
m en g elom p ok
3. t u n ica su b m u cosa : t erd iri d ari jarin g an ik at p ad at yan g m en g an d u n g m u cou s g la n d
4 . t u n ica m u sk u laris : t erd iri d ari jarin g an ot ot lu rik .
5. Tu n ica serosa/ad ven t it ia : t erd iri d ari jarin g an ik at lon g g ar
Gam b ar 13. Hist olog i oesop h ag u s, (A) t u n ica m u cosa, (B) t u n ica su b m u kosa, (C), t u n ica m u scu laris,
(D ) t u n ica ad ven t it ia (su m b er: h t t p s://h ist olog y.m ed icin e.u m ich .ed u /fu ll-slid e-list ).
Lam bung
Lam b u n g t erd iri d ari t ig a b ag ian yait u card ia, fu n d u s d an p yloru s. Lap isan -lap isan p ad a
lam b u n g ad alah :
a. t erd iri d ari ep it el selap is silen d ris yan g b erlek u k k ed alam lam in a p rop ria yan g
d iseb u t d en g an foveola g ast rik a (g ast ric p it ).
b . Lam in a p rop ia b eru p a jarin g an ik at lon g g ar
c. M u scu laris m u cosa, t erd iri d ari d u a lap isan ot ot p olos yan g m em an jan g d iseb elah
lu ar d an m elin g k ar d iseb elah d alam .
38
2. Tu n ica su b m u cosa : t erd iri d ari jarin g an ik at lon g g ar yan g d id alam n ya t erd ap at
m u cu s g lan d , art eri, sel m ast .
3. Tu n ica m u scu laris : t erd iri d ari t ig a lap is ot ot p olos, lap isan lu ar t ersu su n lon g it u d in al,
lap isan t en g ah t ersu su n sirk u lar, lap isan d alam t ersu su n ob lik .
4 . Tu n ica serosa/ad ven t it ia : t erd iri d ari jarin g an ik at lon g g ar yan g d ilap isi m esot eliu m
b eru p a ep it el p ip ih .
Gam b ar 14 . Hist olog i lam b u n g , (A) t u n ica m u cosa, (B) t u n ica su b m u kosa, (C), t u n ica m u scu laris,
(D ) t u n ica ad ven t it ia (su m b er: h t t p ://w w w .h ist olog yg u id e.org /slid eb ox/slid eb ox.h t m l).
Usus halus
Usu s h alu s t erd iri at as t ig a seg m en yait u d u od en u m , jeju n u m d an ileu m . Secara g aris
b esar k et ig a seg m en t erseb u t m em ilik i st ru k t u r h ist olog i yan g sam a. Lap isan -lap isan
p ad a u su s h alu s ad alah :
a. Ep it el selap is silen d ris
b . Lam in a p rop ia, t erd ap at k elen jar t u b u lar u su s (cryp t of lib erk u h n ) yan g d ib an g u n
oleh sel-sel sel p an et h , vili
c. M u scu lar m u cosa, t erd iri d ari ot ot p olos seb elah d alam t ersu su n m elin g k ar d an
seb alah lu ar m em an jan g .
2. Tu n ica su b m u cosa : t erd iri d ari jarin g an ik at lon g g ar yan g d id alam n ya t erd ap at
k elen jar b ru n eri yan g m en g h asilk an cairan len d er d an alk alis
39
3. Tu n ica m u scu laris : t erd iri d ari ot ot p olos seb elah d alam t ersu su n m elin g k ar d an
seb elah lu ar t ersu su n m em an jan g .
4 . Tu n ik a serosa/ad ven t it ia : m eru p ak an jarin g an ik at lon g g ar yan g d ilap isi m esot eliu m .
Usus Besar
Secara h ist olog i d in d in g k olon d an rect u m t erb ag i :
1. Tu n ica m u cosa, t erd iri d ari :
a. Ep it el selap is silen d ris
b . Lam in a p rop ia yan g m en g an d u n g cryp t of lib erk u h n yan g seb ag ian b esar t erd iri
d ari sel-sel g an d a.
c. M u scu laris m u cosa, t erd iri d ari d u a lap is ot ot p olos yan g t ersu su n m em an jan g
d iseb elah lu ar d an m elin g k ar d iseb elah d alam . Lap isan ot ot yan g m em an jan g in i
d isep an jan g k olon (t id ak t erd ap at p ad a rect u m ).
2. Tu n ica su b m u cosa, t erd iri d ari : jarin g an ik at p ad at .
3. Tu n ica m u scu laris, t erd iri at as ot ot p olos seb elah d alam t ersu su n m elin g k ar d an
seb elah d alam t ersu su n m em an jan g .
4 . Tu n ica serosa : t erd iri at as jarin g an ik at lon g g ar d an m essot elliu m .
Kelenjar pencernaan
1. Saliva g lan d (k elen jar lu d ah )
Terd ap at t ig a p asan g k elen jar lu d ah , yait u :
a. Kelen jar p arot is : k elen jar asin ar b ercab an g yan g h an ya t erd iri at as sel serosa.
b . Kelen jar su b m an d ib u lar : k elen jar t u b u loasin ar b ercab an g d en g an b ag ian sek resi
yan g m en g an d u n g sel-sel m u k osa d an serosa. Sel-sel serosa ad alah k om p on en
u t am a k elen jar su b m an d ib u lar d an m u d ah d ib ed ak an d ari sel m u k osa d en g an
in t in ya yan g b u lat d an sit op lasm an ya yan g b asofilik .
c. Kelen jar su b lin g u al : k elen jar t u b u lu s asin ar b ercab an g yan g t erd iri at as sel-sel
serosa d an m u k osa. Pad a k elen jar in i sel m u k osa leb ih d om in an .
2. Hat i
D isu su n oleh lob u lu s h at i b erb en t u k p olyg on al d en g an ven a sen t ralis d i p u sat .
D ian t ara d eret an sel h at i t erd ap at sin u sou id . Sin u soid in i d ib at asi sel en d ot el
b ert in g k at d an d ian t aran ya t erd ap at sel k u p ffer at au m acrofag .
40
Gam b ar 15. Hist olog i h at i, (A) cen t ral vein , (B) h ep at osit , (C) p ort al t riad
(su m b er: h t t p ://w w w .h ist olog yg u id e.org /slid eb ox/slid eb ox.h t m l )
Gam b ar 16. Hist olog i p an creas (A) p u lau lan g erh an s

(su m b er: h t t p ://w w w .h ist olog yg u id e.org /slid eb ox/slid eb ox.h t m l)
41
3. Pan creas
a. Ek sok rin p an creas : t ersu su n at as sel-sel asin ar yan g t erp olarisasi.
b . En d ok rin p an creas : t erd iri d ari p u lau lan g erh an s yan g t am p ak m em b u lat d i sek it ar
sel asin i, p ad a p u lau in i t erd ap at sel alfa d an sel b et a.
Alat dan Bahan Prak t ik um :

Alat yan g d ig u n ak an ad alah m ik rosk op d an alat t u lis. Bah an yan g d ig u n ak an ad alah
Prep arat p erm an en lin g u a, esofag u s, lam b u n g , d u od en u m , caecu m , k olon , u su s b esar,
h ep ar d an p an k reas.
Cara Kerja di Laborat orium

Am at i p rep arat d i b aw ah m ik rosk rop d en g an p erb esaran yan g rep resen t at if, id en t ifik asi
b ag ian -b ag ian h ist olog i d i b aw ah m ik rosk op d an g am b ark an d i lem b ar k erja p rak t ik u m .
Cara k erja di Laborat orium Virt ual

1. Hist olog i lid ah
a. Silah k an k lik t au t an p rep arat h ist olog i virt u al u n t u k m en g ak ses p rep arat h ist olog y
lid ah d i b aw ah in i:
- p ap illa filiform is d an circu m vallat a (h t t p ://w w w .h ist olog yg u id e.org /slid eview /M HS-
264 -t on g u e/14 -slid e-1.h t m l?x=0 &y=0 &z=-1&p ag e=1).
- p ap illa fu n g iform is (h t t p ://w w w .h ist olog yg u id e.org /slid eview /M HS-266-t on g u e/14 -
slid e-1.h t m l?x=0 &y=0 &z=-1&p ag e=1)
b . Ek sp lorasi h ist olog y p rep arat t erseb u t d i at as d an id en t ifik asi b ag ian -b ag ian
p en yu su n n ya
c. screen cap t u re p rep arat t erseb u t p ad a p erb esaran rep resen t at if d an lin g k ari/b eri
t an d a p an ah p ad a b ag ian p ap illa filiform is, fu n g iform is d an circu m vallat a
d . lak u k an p erb esaran p ad a h ist olog i lid ah t erseb u t d i at as d an screen cap t u re
b ag ian yan g t erd ap at ot ot lid ah , p u t in g p en g ecap , k elen jar serosa lid ah , d an
k elen jar m u k osa lid ah
e. t em p elk an screen cap t u re t erseb u t d i k ot ak yan g t elah d ised iak an d an len g k ap i
d en g an k et eran g an
2. Hist olog i esop h ag u s
42
a. Silah k an k lik t au t an p rep arat h ist olog y virt u al u n t u k m en g ak ses p rep arat h ist olog y
esop h ag u s (h t t p ://w w w .h ist olog yg u id e.org /slid eview /M H-10 9-esop h ag u s/14 -slid e-
1.h t m l?x=0 &y=0 &z=-1&p ag e=1)
p en yu su n n ya
c. Screen cap t u re p rep arat t erseb u t p ad a p erb esaran rep resen t at if d an lin g k ari/b eri
t an d a p ad ah p ad a b ag ian t u n ica m u k osa, t u n ica su b -m u k osa, t u n ica m u scu laris,
d an t u n ica ad ven t it ia
d . t em p elk an screen cap t u re t erseb u t d i k ot ak yan g t elah d ised iak an d an len g k ap i
3. Hist olog i lam b u n g
p yloru s lam b u n g (h t t p ://w w w .h ist olog yg u id e.org /slid eview /M HS-24 7-fu n d ic-
st om ach /14 -slid e-1.h t m l?x=0 &y=0 &z=-1&p ag e=1)
p en yu su n n ya
c. Screen cap t u re p rep arat t erseb u t p ad a p erb esaran rep resen t at if (4 0 x) d an
lin g k ari/b eri t an d a p an ah p ad a sel p ariet al d an ch ief sel
4 . Hist olog i Ileu m
ileu m (h t t p ://w w w .h ist olog yg u id e.org /slid eview /M H-119-ileu m /14 -slid e-
1.h t m l?x=0 &y=0 &z=-1&p ag e=1)
p en yu su n n ya
t an d a p an ah p ad a en t erosit , sel g ob let d an sel p an et
5. Hist olog i Hat i
43
h at i (h t t p ://w w w .h ist olog yg u id e.org /slid eview /M H-126b -liver/15-slid e-
1.h t m l?x=0 &y=0 &z=-1&p ag e=1)
p en yu su n n ya
e. Screen cap t u re p rep arat t erseb u t p ad a p erb esaran rep resen t at if (4 0 x) d an
lin g k ari/b eri t an d a p an ah p ad a b ag ian ven a cen t ral, h ep at osit d an p ort al t riad s
f. t em p elk an screen cap t u re t erseb u t d i k ot ak yan g t elah d ised iak an d an len g kap i
44
HISTOLOGI SISTEM RESPIRASI & SIRKULASI
Tujuan Prak t ik um
resp irasi & sirk u lasi vert eb rat a.
Landasan Teori
Hist ologi sist em respirasi
Secara g aris b esar salu ran resp irasi (b ag ian k on d u ksi) yan g t erd iri d ari ron g g a
h id u n g , farin g , larin g , t rach ea, b ron ch u s, d an b ron ch ioles. Bag ian resp irasi t erd iri
d ari p u lm o. Pu lm o seb ag ai alat resp irasi u t am a yan g d ib an g u n oleh b ron ch u s
in t ra p u lm on alis, b ron ch ioles resp irat ori, d u ct u s alveoli, d an alveoli. Seb elah lu ar
p u lm o d ib u n g ku s oleh selap u t t ip is yan g d in am akan p leu ra.
1. Hid u n g
St ru k t u r h ist olog is h id u n g d ari:
a. Tu n ik a m u kosa t erd iri d ari:
• Ep it el b erlap is silin d er b ersilia d en g an sel g ob let
• Lam in a p rop ria t erd iri d ari jarin g an fib ro elast is, kaya akan kelen jar serosa
d an m u kosa yan g b erm u ara p ad a p erm u kaan ep it el, sert a b an yak
jarin g an lim p oid yan g m em b en t u k t on sil p h aryn g eou s.
b . Tu n ik a su b m u kosa t erd iri d ari serab u t k olag en d an b ersifat elast is
c. Tu n ik a m u sku laris t erd iri d ari lap isan ot ot (ot ot lu rik )
2. Larin g
M en g h u b u n g kan farin g d an t rach ea. St ru kt u r h ist olog i larin g t erd iri d ari :
a. Tu n ik a m u kosa, t erd iri d ari:
• Ep it el b erlap is silin d er b ersilia d en g an sel g ob let b an yak
• Lam in a p rop ria t erd ap at seju m lah raw an larin g .
b . Tu n ik a su b m u kosa t erd iri d ari b an yak k elen jar m u k osa
45
c. Lap isan t u lan g raw an t erd ap at t u lan g raw an h ialin (t iroid , k rik oid , d an
aryt en oid ) an t ara raw an d ih u b u n g kan oleh jarin g an elast is. Pad a larin g
t id ak t erd ap at ot ot p olos.
3. Trach ea
St ru k t u r h ist olog is t rach ea t erd iri d ari:
a. Tu n ik a m u kosa:
• Ep it el b ert in g kat b ersilia, b an yak sel g ob let d an kelen jar.
• Lam in a p rop ria ad alah jarin g an ik at areolar d an ret ik u ler.
b . Tu n ik a su b m u kosa jarin g an Ikat lon g g ar, kelen jar serosa d an m u kosa
c. Keran g ka t u lan g raw an , keran g ka t rach ea d an b ron ch u s d ib an g u n raw an
h ialin , b erb en t kk C yan g t erb u ka ke arah p ost erior
d . Tu n ica ad ven t it ia t erd iri d ari jarin g an ik at lon g g ar
Gam b ar 17. St ru kt u r h ist olog i t rach ea, (A) t rach ea, (B) esh op h ag u s, (C) keran g ka t u lan g raw an , (D )
t u n ica ad ven t it ia, (E) ot ot t rach ea, (F) kelen jar sero-m u kosa, (G) lam in a p rop ria, (H) ep it el t rach ea
46
4 . Bron ch u s
Terd iri d ari b ron ch u s ekst rap u lm on alis yan g b erst ru kt u r sam a d en g an t rach ea
d an b ron ku s in t ra p u lm on alis d en g an st ru kt u r seb ag ai b eriku t :
a. Tu n ik a m u kosa, t erd iri d ari :
• Ep it el b erlap is b an yak p alsu b ersilia d an m em p u n yai sel g ob let
• Lam in a p rop ria t ersu su n d ari jarin g an ik at lon g g ar
• Kep in g -k ep in g raw an h ialin
b . Tu n ik a su b m u kosa t ersu su n d ari ot ot p olos, kelen jar serosa d an m u kosa.
c. Tu n ica ad ven t it ia t ersu su n d ari jarin g an ik at lon g g ar
Gam b ar 18. Hist olog i p aru -p aru , (A) b ron ku s, (B) b ron ku s t erm in al. (C) alveolu s, (D ) ep it el, (E)
kelen jar sero-m u kosa (su m b er: h t t p ://w w w .h ist olog yg u id e.org /slid eb ox/slid eb ox.h t m l)
47
5. Bron ch iolu s
Tid ak t erd ap at t u lan g raw an , t id ak m em iliki k elen jar, t erd ap at sel g ob let p ad a
lap isan ep it el. St ru k t u r h ist olog i b ron kiolu s t erd iri d ari:
a. Tu n ik a m u kosa t erd iri d ari:
• Ep it el silin d ris b ersilia
• Lam in a p rop ria t ersu su n oleh ot ot p olos d an serab u t elast in
• Lap isan ot ot p olos in i t ersu su n m elin g k ar
b . Tu n ik a ad ven t it ia t ersu su n oleh jarin g an ikat lon g g ar
6. Bron ch iolu s resp irat ory
Terd iri d ari ep it el b erlap is t u n g g al silin d ris b ersilia d an ot ot p olos
7. D u ct u s alveoli
D in d in g t id ak kon t in iu t ap i t erp u t u s-p u t u s karen a t erb u ka ke alveoli. Han ya
d ib an g u n oleh jarin g an fib rolast .
8. Alveoli t ersu su n d ari ep it el selap is, jarin g an ot ot p olos, serab u t kolag en d an
b an yak t erd ap at kap iler d arah .
Hist ologi sist em sirk ulasi

1. Jan t u n g
Secara h ist olog i t erd iri d ari t ig a lap isan u t am a:
a. En d okard iu m (t u n ika in t im a) t erd iri d ari:
• En d ot eliu m
• Su b -en d ocard iu m , jarin g an ik at lon g g ar, d an saraf p en g h an t ar
• Im p u ls
b . M iok ard iu m (t u n ika m ed ia):
• t erd iri d ari sel-sel ot ot jan t u n g yan g t ersu su n b erlap is-lap is
• sel jan t u n g d isu su n oleh sel k on t rak t il, sel yan g m en im b u lk an d an
m en g h an t ar sin yal (sel p u rk in je)
c. Ep ikard iu m :
• D ilap isi oleh ep it el selap is g ep en g (m esot el) yan g d it op an g oleh selap is
t ip is jarin g an ikat .
48
2. Pem b u lu h d arah
Secara g aris b esar p em b u lu h d arah d ap at d ib ed akan at as st ru kt u r-st ru k t u r
seb ag ai b eriku t :
a. Tu n ik a in t im a t erd iri d ari 3 lap isan yait u :
• Lap isan en d ot h eliu m b eru p a lap isan ep it el selap is p ip ih
• Lap isan su b en d ot eliu m b eru p a jarin g an ikat
• Lap isan m em b ran elast ika in t ern a b eru p a serab u t -serab u t elast is
b . Tu n ik a m ed ia t erd iri d ari lap isan -lap isan :
• Lap isan ot ot p olos
• Serab u t elast is
• Serab u t kolag en
• Serab u t ret iku lin
c. Tu n ik a ad ven t it ia t erd iri d ari lap isan -lap isan :
• Jarin g an ikat
• M em b ran elast ika ek st ern a
• Vasa vasoru m (p em b u lu h kap iler d alam p em b u lu h ) t erd ap at p ad a
p em b u lu h b esar.
3. Art eri
a. Art eri elast is (aort a)/art eri b esar
• Tu n ika in t im a
• Tu n ika m ed ia
• Tu n ika ad ven t it ia
b . Art eri p en yeb ar/art eri sed an g
c. Art eriol / art eri kecil.
49
Gam b ar 19. Hist olog i art eri d an ven a, (A) art eri, (B) ven a, (C) t u n ica in t im a, (D ) t u n ica
m ed ia, (E) t u n ica ad ven t it ia (su m b er: h t t p ://w w w .h ist olog yg u id e.org /slid eb ox/slid eb ox.h t m l)
4 . Ven a
a. Ven a b esar (ven a cava)
b . Ven a sed an g
c. Ven u l (ven a k ecil Tu n ika in t im a
50
5. Kap iler D arah
Alat D an Bahan Prak t ik um

Alat yan g d ig u n ak an ad alah m ik roskop d an alat t u lis. Bah an yan g d ig u n ak an
ad alah p rep arat p erm an en b ron ku s in t rap u lm on alis, b ron ku s ek st rap u lm on alis,
p u lm o, jan t u n g , ven a, aort a, t rach ea, b ron ch u s.

Am at i p rep arat d i b aw ah m ikroskop d an id en t ifikasi b ag ian -b ag ian h ist olog i
p rep arat t erseb u t kem u d ian g am b arkan d i lem b ar kerja p rakt iku m .
Cara Kerja di Laborat orium Virt ual

1. Hist olog i larin g
a. Silah k an k lik t au t an p rep arat h ist olog i virt u al u n t u k m en g ak ses p rep arat larin g
(h t t p ://w w w .h ist olog yg u id e.org /slid eview /M H-135-laryn x/17-slid e-
1.h t m l?x=0 &y=0 &z=-1&p ag e=1)
p en yu su n n ya
c. screen cap t u re p rep arat t erseb u t p ad a p erb esaran rep resen t at if d an lin g k ari/b eri
t an d a p an ah p ad a b ag ian ep it eliu m , sel g ob let , m em b ran e d asar (b asem en t
m em b ran e), k elen jar sero-m u k osa, d an ven t rik el larin g
2. Hist olog i t rach ea
t rach ea (h t t p ://w w w .h ist olog yg u id e.org /slid eview /M H-110 -t rach ea-an d -
esop h ag u s/17-slid e-1.h t m l?x=0 &y=0 &z=-1&p ag e=1)
p en yu su n n ya
t an d a p ad ah p ad a b ag ian ep it eliu m , lam in a p rop ria, k elen jar sero-m u k osa, t u lan g
t rach ea, ot ot t rach ea, d an t u n ica ad ven t it ia
51
3. Hist olog i p aru -p aru
g . Silah k an k lik t au t an p rep arat h ist olog y virt u al u n t u k m en g ak ses p rep arat h ist olog y
p aru -p aru (h t t p ://w w w .h ist olog yg u id e.org /slid eview /M H-139-lu n g /17-slid e-
1.h t m l?x=0 &y=0 &z=-1&p ag e=1)
h . Ek sp lorasi st ru k t u r h ist olog y p rep arat t erseb u t d i at as d an id en t ifik asi b ag ian -
b ag ian p en yu su n n ya
i. Screen cap t u re p rep arat t erseb u t p ad a p erb esaran rep resen t at if d an lin g k ari/b eri
t an d a p an ah p ad a ep it h eliu m , lam in a p rop ria, t u lan g raw an b ron k u s, k elen jar sero-
m u k osa, b ron k iolu s p rim er, k an t u n g alveolu s, d an alveoli.
j. t em p elk an screen cap t u re t erseb u t d i k ot ak yan g t elah d ised iak an d an len g k ap i
4 . Hist olog i jan t u n g
jan t u n g (h t t p ://w w w .h ist olog yg u id e.org /slid eview /M HS-24 5-h eart /0 9-slid e-
1.h t m l?x=722&y=150 15&z=12.5&p ag e=1)
b . Ek sp lorasi st ru k t u r h ist olog y p rep arat t erseb u t d i at as d an id en t ifik asi b ag ian -
b ag ian p en yu su n n ya
t an d a p an ah p ad a b ag ian serat p u rk in je
5. Hist olog i ven a d an art eri
ven a d an art eri (h t t p ://w w w .h ist olog yg u id e.org /slid eview /M H-0 61-0 62-p op lit eal-
art ery-an d -vein /0 9-slid e-1.h t m l?x=0 &y=0 &z=-1&p ag e=1)
p en yu su n n ya
t an d a p an ah p ad a b ag ian t u n ica in t im a, t u n ica m ed ia d an t u n ica ad ven t it ia art eri
d an ven a
52
53
HISTOLOGI SISTEM UROGENITALIA
Tujuan Prak t ik um
u rog en it alia.
Landasan Teori
A. Sist em u rin aria
Secara g aris b esar sist em u rin aria t erb ag i m en jad i g in jal d an salu ran u rin aria (u ret er,
vesica u rin aria d an u ret ra). Pan g k al salu ran (u ret er) m en g alam i p eleb aran d an
b erh u b u n g an d en g an g in jal p ad a d aerah h illu s. Pad a d aerah h illu s t erd ap at jalu r
k elu ar m asu k art eri, ven a, u ret er, saraf d an p em b u lu h lim fe.
1. Gin jal
Berb en t u k k acan g d an secara an at om i m ik ro t erb ag i at as b ag ian g lison cap su l
(t erd iri d ari serat k olag en , m em b u n g k u s k eselu ru h an b ag ian g in jal), k ort ek s
(b ag ian k e arah lu ar) d an m ed u lla (b ag ian k e arah d alam ). M ed u lla m elip u t i su at u
ron g g a, sin u s ren al yan g t erb u k a k e h illu s. Bag ian -b ag ian k ort ek s g in jal:
a. Bad an m alp ig h i, t erd iri d ari g lom eru lu s yan g b erb en t u k m em b u lat , d ib an g u n
oleh k ap iler d arah d an Kap su la Bow m an yan g t erd iri d ari ep it el p ip ih selap is,
b eru p a caw an b erd in d in g ran g k ap . Kap su la Bow m an viseral ad alah lap isan
b ag ian d alam yan g m en g ik u t i lek u k -lek u k k ap iler d arah g lom eru lu s. Kap su la
Bow m an p ariet al ad alah lap isan b ag ian lu ar.
b. Tu b u li Gin jal t erb ag i at as:
• Tu b u lu s con t ort u s p roxim al yan g d ib at asi oleh ep it el silin d ris selap is,
sit op lasm an ya b erw arn a g elap d an p ad a sel t erd ap at b ru sh b ord er.
• Tu b u lu s con t ort u s d ist al, d ib at asi oleh ep it el kubus selap is, p ad a
p erm u k aan n ya t erd ap at m ik rofili.
• Len g k u n g Hen le, b eru k u ran k ecil, d ib at asi oleh ep it el p ip ih d an k u b u s
selap is.
• Pem b u lu h p en am p u n g , m em ilik i lu m en , leb ar, d ib at asi oleh ep it el k u b u s
selap is.
54
Gam b ar 20 . Hist olog i g in jal, (A) kort eks g in jal, (B) m ed u lla g in jal, (C) h illu m , (D ) p elvis g in jal, (E)
kap su la b ow m an , (F) lab irin kort eks, t erd iri d ari t u b u lu s-t u b u lu s, (G) art eri g in jal (su m b er:
h t t p ://w w w .h ist olog yg u id e.org /slid eb ox/slid eb ox.h t m l)
2. Salu ran u rin aria

Terd iri d ari u ret er d an vesica u rin aria. Pad a p en am p an g m elin t an g d ari u ret er
d an vesica u rin aria m am alia, ak an t erlih at lap isan -lap isan b erik u t :
55
• Tu n ica m u cosa yan g t erd iri d ari ep it el t ran sision al, lam in a p rop ria, jarin g an
ik at k en d u r
• Tu n ica m u scu laris yan g t erd iri d ari d u a lap isan ot ot p olos, seb elah d alam
m elin g k ar d an seb elah lu ar m em an jan g .
• Tu n ica ad ven t it ia : t erd iri d ari jarin g an ik at k en d u r
Gam b ar 21. Hist olog i u ret er, (A) ep it h eliu m yan g t erd iri d ari sel u m b rella yan g m am p u
m en g em b an g d an m en g eru cu t , (B) lam in a p rop ria, (C) t u n ica m u scu laris, d an (D ) t u n ica ad ven t it ia
B. Sist em Gen it alia Jan t an

Terd iri d ari t est is, salu ran k em ih , k elen jar-k elen jar p em b an t u d an p en is.
1. Test is
Berb en t u k lon jon g , t erlet ak p ad a k an t u n g sk rot u m . Jik a t erjad i t ek an an k e arah
an t erior, t est is ak an m asu k k e ron g g a p eru t . Bag ian lu ar t est is d ilip u t i oleh st rom a
b eru p a jarin g an ik at . Pad a lap isan d alam t erb ag i at as d u a b ag ian yait u :
• Tu n ica a lb u g en ia yan g t erd iri d ari sel-sel fib rob last , serab u t k olag en d an sel-sel
ot ot p olos
• Tu n ica va scu losa yan g t erlet ak d i seb elah d alam b ag ian t u n ica alb u g en i. Terd iri
d ari jarin g an ik at k en d u r d an b an yak p em b u lu h d arah .
56
Gam b ar 22. Hist olog i t est is, (A) t est is, (B) t u b u lu s sem in iferu s, (C) sp erm a d alam u ju n g t u b u lu s
sem in iferu s, (D ) lap isan ot ot t est is, (E) sel-sel p rin cip al (su m b er:
h t t p ://w w w .h ist olog yg u id e.org /slid eb ox/slid eb ox.h t m l)
Selap u t p em b u n g k u s t est is m em b u n g k u s sek u m p u lan t u b u lu s sem in iferu s. D ian t ara

t u b u lu s t erseb u t t erd ap at jarin g an ik at k en d u r yan g d iseb u t sel leyd ig . D alam sat u
t est es t erd ap at 4 0 0 -60 0 t u b u lu s d en g an p an jan g m asin g -m asin g 7-8 cm d en g an
d iam et er 0 ,1-0 ,3 m m . Secara h ist olog i t erlih at :
a. Tu b u lu s sem in iferu s. Terd iri d ari b eb erap a lap isan sel ep it el sem in iferu s. Seb ag ian
sel ep it el in i t erd iri d ari sel-sel k elam in d alam b erb ag ai st ad iu m p ert u m b u h an d an
sel p en yok on g (sel sert oli).
b . Sel k elam in . M en u ru t t in g k at p ert u m b u h an n ya d ap at d ib ed ak an at as :
• Sp erm at og on iu m . Berad a p alin g d ek at d en g an m em b ran b asal d an
m eru p ak an sel k elam in p alin g m u d a
• Sp erm at osit . Leb ih b esar d an in t in ya m em p erlih at k an k eb erad aan k rom osom
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• Sp erm at id . Sel b eru k u ran k ecil d an let ak n ya d ek at lu m en
• Sp erm at ozoa. Terd iri d ari b ag ian k ep ala yan g m em an jan g d an b ag ian ek or
yan g p an jan g d an h alu s. Biasan ya d it an d ai d en g an ek or yan g m en ju u r k e arah
lu m en .
• Sel Sert oli. Sel-sel yan g h am p ir set eb al ep it el sem in iferu s, d asar sel m elek at
p ad a b ag ian b asal. Bat as sel in i t id ak jelas k aren a t erd esak sel k elam in . Pad a sel
sert oli in i m elek at sp erm at id p ad a st ad iu m t ran sform asi.
• Jarin g an ik at in t ert it ial. Beru p a sel leyd ig yan g b erb en t u k lon jon g at au
p olig on al d an m em ilik i in t i.
2. Salu ran Kelam in
Terd iri at as Tu b u li t ect i (ret e t est is), d u ct u s efferen t , d u ct u s ep id id im is, d u ct u s
d efferen t d an u ret ra.
a. Ep id id im is. M eru p ak an sep asan g salu ran b erlek u k . Terd iri d ari cap u t ep id id im is
(b ag ian an t erior), corp u s ep id id im is (b ag ian b ad an ) d an cau d a ep id id im is
(b ag ian p ost erior). Pad a p en am p an g m elin t an g d ap at d ilih at st ru k t u r seb ag ai
b erik u t :
• Lu m en
• Ep it el b erlap is sem u b ersilia
• Sel b erst ereocilia, b erb en t u k silin d ris d an g lan d u lar
• Jarin g an ik at b eru p a ot ot p olos.
b . D u ct u s D efferen t . M eru p ak an p em b u lu h yan g m em ilik i lu m en sem p it ,
b erd in d in g t eb al, t id ak b erlek u k . Pen g h u b u n g an t ara cau d a ep id id im is d en g an
u ret ra. D in d in g n ya d ib an g u n at as lap isan :
• Tu n ik a m u k osa : t erd iri d ari ep it el b erlap is sem u b erst ereocilia d an lam in a
p rop ria b eru p a jarin g an ik at k en d u r yan g t ip is.
• Tu n ik a m u sk u laris : b eru p a t ig a lap isan ot ot m em an jan g d an m elin g k ar.
• Tu n ik a ad ven t it ia : lap isan t erlu ar
c. Uret ra. M eru p ak an salu ran an t ara vesica u rin aria d an u ju n g p en is. D ig u n ak an
b ersam a-sam a seb ag ai salu ran u rin d an sp erm a.
3. Kelen jar-k elen jar p em b an t u .
Terd iri d ari g lan d u la vascu losa, k elen jar p rost at , k elen jar cow p er d an g lan d p en is.
a. Glan d u la vascu losa. Secara h ist olog is ak an t erlih at :
58
• Tu n ica m u k osa t erd iri d ari ep it el selap is silin d ris yan g g lan d u la, d an lam in a
p rop ria yan g m em b en t u k lip at an -lip at an k e d alam lu m en .
• Lap isan ot ot p olos, seb ag ian t ersu su n m elin g k ar d an p ad a b eb erap a d aerah
t erlih at m em an jan g .
• Tu n ica ad ven t it ia/serosa. M eru p ak an lap isan t erlu ar.
b . Kelen jar p rost at . Tid ak b erp asan g an d an b en t u k n ya t id ak b erat u ran .
c. Kelen ja cow p er. Sep asan g d an b en t u k n ya b u lat .
d . Glan d p en is. Terlet ak d i d aerah u ju n g k orp u s sp on g iosu m d an b en t u k n ya
k eru cu t .
4 . Pen is
Gam b ar 23. Hist olog i p en is, (A) corp ora cavern osa, (B) corp u s sp on g iosu m , (C) u ret h ra, (D ) t u n ica
alb u g in ea, (D ) su p erficial fascia (su m b er: h t t p ://w w w .h ist olog yg u id e.org /slid eb ox/slid eb ox.h t m l)
Terd iri d ari t ig a m assa jarin g an erek t il b erb en t u k silin d er. Pad a d aerah d orsal
t erd ap at sep asan g k orp ora cavern osa, d ib aw ah n ya t erd ap at sat u k orp u s
sp on g iosu m yan g m en g elilin g i u ret ra d an p ad a b ag ian u ju n g m em b en t u k k eru cu t
(g lan d p en is). Set iap k orp u s covern osu m d ib u n g k u s oleh jarin g an ik at p ad at
(t u n ica alb u g en ia) yan g t erd iri d ari serat k olag en .
C. Sist em g en it alia b et in a
Terd iri d ari alat g en it alia p rim er (ovariu m ) d an alat g en it alia sek u n d er (ovid u ct , u t eru s,
vag in a)
1. Alat g en it alia p rim er / Ovariu m . Bag ian -b ag ian n ya yait u :
a. Kort ek s
59
Pad a k ort ek s d ap at d it em u k an b erb ag ai t in g k at an p erk em b an g an folik el
b . M ed u lla t erd iri at as jarin g an ik at fib rosa lon g g ar, p em b u lu h d arah , p em b u lu h
lim fe d an saraf. St rom a p ad a b ag ian m ed u la m en g an d u n g jarin g an ot ot p olos.
Gam b ar 24 . Hist olog i ovariu m , (A) kap su l, (B) kort eks, (C) m ed u lla, (D ) folikel d e g raaf, (E) folikel
p rim er, (F) folikel p rim ord ial (su m b er: h t t p ://w w w .h ist olog yg u id e.org /slid eb ox/slid eb ox.h t m l)
2. Alat g en it alia sek u n d er

a. Ovid u ct . Tu b a fallop ii d ib ag i at as 4 d aerah yait u d aerah yan g b erb at asan
d en g an u t eru s, ist h m u s, am p u la d an in fu n d ib u lu m . Pad a in fu n d ib u lu m
t erd ap at ju m b ai-ju m b ai d iseb u t fim b riae, b erfu n g si u n t u k m en an g k ap oosit
yan g b aru d iovu lasik an . Am p u la m em ilik i d iam et er relat if b esar, d en g an b ag ian
b an yak lip at an m u k osa d an ep it eliu m b ersilia. Ist h m u s m em ilik i d iam et er leb ih
k ecil d ib an d in g k an am p u la d an t ersam b u n g d en g an u t eru s d en g an t it ik
sam b u n g d iseb u t u t erot u b a l ju n ct ion (UTJ). D in d in g m u sk u lar ist h m u s leb ih
t eb al d an lip at an m u k osa leb ih sed ik it d ib an d in g am p u la. Secara h ist olog is
t erd iri at as :
• Tu n ik a m u k osa
60
Terid ri d ari Ep it el selap is silin d ris, d ib an g u n oleh sel b ersilia d an sel m u k oid .
Lam in a p rop ria. Bersam a ep it el m em b en t u k lip at an lon g it u d in al.
• Tu n ik a m u sk u laris. Terd iri d ari 2 lap isan ot ot p olos, yait u ot ot p olos
m elin g k ar (b ag ian d alam ) d an ot ot p olos m em an jan g (b ag ian lu ar). D ian t ara
k ed u a lap isan ot ot t erd ap at jarin g an ik at yan g m en g an d u n g b an yak
p em b u lu h d arah .
• Tu n ik a serosa. Terd iri d ari jarin g an ik at m esot eliu m .
b . Ut eru s
D in d in g u t eru s t erd iri at as lap isan en d om et riu m , m iom et riu m d an
p erim et riu m .
• Perim et riu m m eru p ak an lap isan serosa, d an m asih b ag ian d ari p erit on eu m .
Lap isan p erim et riu m cen d eru n g t ip is d an h am p ir t ran sp aran .
• M iom et riu m m eru p ak an lap isan ot ot t ersu su n m elin g k ar yan g
m en yeb ab k an k on t rak si p ad a u t eru s.
• En d om et riu m , lap isan u t eru s p alin g d alam . Terd iri d ari ep it el, k elen jar u t eru s
d an jarin g an ik at
c. Vag in a
• Lap isan m u k osa t erd iri d ari ep it el p ip ih b erlap is d an lap isan lam in a p rop ria.
• Lap isan lam in a p rop ria t erd iri d ari jarin g an ik at lon g g ar d en g an b an yak
serab u t -serab u t elast ik . Selain jarin g an ik at , p ad a lam in a p rop ria d it em u k an
b an yak p em b u lu h d arah seb ag ai alat t ran sp ort asi.
• Lap isan m u sk u laris vag in a t erd iri at as serab u t -serab u t ot ot p olos. Bag ian
lu ar lap isan m u sk u laris t erd ap at jarin g an ik at p ad at yan g k aya ak an serab u t -
serab u t elast in t eb al. D alam jarin g an ik at p ad at in i t erd ap at p lek su s ven a,
b erk as-b erk as saraf d an k elom p ok sel-sel saraf
• Lap isan serosa, yait u lap isan t erlu ar.
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Gam b ar 25. Hist olog i ovid u ct , (A) t u n ica m u cosa, (B) t u n ica m u scu laris, (C) t u n ica serosa
Gam b ar 26. Hist olog i u t eru s, (A) en d om et riu m , (B) m yom et riu m , (C) p erim et riu m
62
p rep arat p erm an en vag in a, ovariu m , u t eru s, t est is, p en is, d u ct u s ep yd id im is, ren ,u ret er.

Am at i p rep arat d ib aw ah d an id en t ifik asi b ag ian -b ag ian h ist olog i d ib aw ah m ik rosk op
k em u d ian g am b ark an d i lem b ar k erja p rak t ik u m .
Cara k erja di Laborat orium Virt ual

1. Hist olog i g in jal
g in jal (h t t p ://w w w .h ist olog yg u id e.org /slid eview /M H-14 3-k id n ey/16-slid e-1.h t m l )
p en yu su n n ya
t an d a p an ah p ad a b ag ian k ort ek s, m ed u lla, cap su lla b ow m an , t u b u lu s g in jal
(d ist al/p rok sim al), p elvis d an h ilu m
d . Tem p elk an screen cap t u re t erseb u t d i k ot ak yan g t elah d ised iak an d an len g k ap i
2. Hist olog i u ret er
u ret er (h t t p ://w w w .h ist olog yg u id e.org /slid eview /M H-14 6-u ret er/16-slid e-
1.h t m l?x=0 &y=0 &z=-1&p ag e=1)
p en yu su n n ya
t an d a p an ah p ad a b ag ian t u n ica m u k osa, t u n ica m u scu laris d an t u n ica ad ven t it ia.
3. Hist olog i t est is
t est is (h t t p ://w w w .h ist olog yg u id e.org /slid eview /M HS-267-t est is-an d -ep id id ym is/19-
63
p en yu su n n ya
t an d a p an ah p ad a b ag ian t u n ica alb u g in ea, ep ip id im is, t u b u lu s sem in iferu s, sel
leyd ig d an sp erm a .
4 . Hist olog i p en is
p en is ( h t t p ://w w w .h ist olog yg u id e.org /slid eview /M H-184 -p en is/19-slid e-
1.h t m l?x=0 &y=0 &z=-1&p ag e=1 )
p en yu su n n ya
t an d a p an ah p ad a b ag ian t u n ica alb u g in ea, corp u s sp og n iosu m , corp ora
cavern osa, su p erficial fascia, d an u ret ra.
5. Hist olog i ovary
ovary (h t t p ://w w w .h ist olog yg u id e.org /slid eview /M HS-259-ovary/18-slid e-
1.h t m l?x=0 &y=0 &z=-1&p ag e=1 )
p en yu su n n ya
t an d a p an ah p ad a b ag ian k ort ek s, folik el p rim ord ial, oosit p rim er, folik el p rim er,
folik el sek u n d er, folik el d e g raaf, d an m ed u lla.
6. Hist olog i u t eru s
u t eru s (h t t p ://w w w .h ist olog yg u id e.org /slid eview /M HS-223-u t eru s/18-slid e-
1.h t m l?x=0 &y=0 &z=-1&p ag e=1)
64
p en yu su n n ya
t an d a p an ah p ad a b ag ian en d om et riu m , m yom et riu m , p erim et riu m .
65
HISTOLOGI SISTEM SARAF & END OKRIN
Tujuan Prak t ik um
Un t u k m en g et ah u i, m en g id en t ifik asi d an m em ah am i h ist olog i org an p ad a sist em saraf
d an en d ok rin .
Landasan Teori
A. Sist em saraf
Sist em saraf t erb ag i at as d u a, yait u sist em saraf p u sat d an sist em saraf t ep i.
1. Sist em saraf p u sat
a. Ot ak
• Cereb ru m (Ot ak b esar)
cereb ru m at au yan g leb ih d ik en al d en g an ot ak b esar t erd ap at sel-sel
p yram id d an sel st ellat a, d im an a sel st ellat a in i t erlet ak d ian t ara sel-sel
p yram id . Selain it u , cereb ru m m em ilik i d u a su b st an sia yait u su b st an sia alb a
d an su b st an sia g risea. Su b st an sia alb a t erd ap at p ad a b ag ian m ed u lla d an
b erisi serab u t -serab u t saraf sed an g k an su b st an sia g risea t erlet ak p ad a
b ag ian k ort ek s d an t erd iri d ari 3 lap isan yait u lap isan m olecu lar ( t erd iri d ari
sed ik it sel-sel g ran u ler), lap isan sel-sel p yram id ( m en g alam i p eru b ah an
u k u ran d an sem ak in m em b esar m en u ju m ed u lla) d an yan g t erak h irn ya
ad alah lap isan m u lt iform is, d im an a lap isan in i t erd iri d ari n eu ron d en g an
b erb ag ai b en t u k .
• Cereb ellu m (Ot ak k ecil)
Cereb ellu m at au ot ak k ecil ad alah b ag ian d ari sist em saraf p u sat yan g
t erlet ak d i b ag ian b elak an g t en g k orak (fossa p ost erior cran ial). Bag ian ot ak
in i t erp isah d ari lob u s occip it alis cereb ri oleh t en t oriu m cereb elli (d u p lik at u ra
d u ram at ris). Cereb ellu m ju g a b ert et an g g a d en g an p on s (t erlet ak d i ven t ral
cereb ellu m ) d an h an ya t erp isah k an oleh ven t rik el q u art u s. Sam a sep ert i
cereb ru m , cereb ellu m ju g a p u n ya su b st an sia g risea yan g m en u t u p i area
yan g leb ih b esar d ari su b st an sia alb a. Kon t u r n ya ju g a reg u ler d an b erlip at -
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lip at , lip at an n ya d iseb u t folia. Beb erap a folia leb ih d alam d ari yan g lain d an
m em b en t u k fisu ra.
Gam b ar 27. Hist olog i cereb ellu m t iku s d en g an p ew arn aan cresyl violet
Gam b ar 28. (A) Pot on g an sag it t al ot ak m en cit , (B) p yram id al n eu ron s, (C) sel p u rkin je, (D) d en d rit ,
(E) akson (su m b er: h t t p ://w w w .h ist olog yg u id e.org /slid eb ox/slid eb ox.h t m l)
67
b . M ed u lla sp in alis
Pad a p en am p an g m elin t an g m ed u lla sp in alis d ap at d ilih at b ag ian k an alis
sen t ralis, d aerah p u t ih d an d aerah ab u -ab u .
2. Sist em saraf p erifer
a. Pad a jarin g an ot ot : Uju n g saraf m ot oris m elek at p ad a ot ot lu rik d en g an
m en g h ilan g k an selu b u n g m yelin . Pad a b eb erap a serat ot ot , t erlih at serat saraf
m en em b u s sark olem a. Serat saraf in i b ercab an g , d iselu b u n g i oleh ot ot m ot oris.
b . Pad a jarin g an ik at
• Vat er p acin i. D ap at d it em u k an p ad a k u lit , k orn ea, alveolu s, jan t u n g d an
p an k reas. M eru p ak an b ag ian ak h ir saraf yan g d ilip u t i lap isan jarin g an ik at .
• Bad an M eisn er. D iselu b u n g i oleh jarin g an ik at , d ap at d it em u k an p ad a
lap isan k orion d ari t elap ak t an g an . Pad a p ap ila k orion k u lit jari, b ad an
m eisn er b erb en t u k lon jon g .
• M u scle Sp in d le. D ap at d iam at i p ad a p en am p an g m elin t an g ot ot lu rik .
D ian t ara ot ot m u scle sp in d le m eru p ak an b ag ian b erb en t u k b u lat yan g
d ilap isi oleh jarin g an ik at . Pad a b ag ian t erseb u t t erd ap at p ot on g an
m elin t an g serab u t ot ot d an serat saraf ju g a k ap iler d arah .
• Pu t in g p en g ecap p ad a lid ah . Pad a p ap ila sircu m va la t a d ap at t erlih at b ag ian
u ju n g saraf p en g ecap . Pu t in g p en g ecap t am p ak b erb en t u k lon jon g d an
t erb en am p ad a ep it el lid ah . t erd iri d ari 3 jen is sel yait u sel b asal yan g t erlet ak
d ib ag ian d asar p u t in g p en g ecap , sel p en yok on g yan g b erb en t u k k u m p aran
d en g an in t i m em an jan g , sel-sel sen soris yan g m em p u n yai in t i b erb en t u k
b u lat .
B. Sist em En d ok rin .
Sist em en d ok rin ad alah sist em yan g b erfu n g si u n t u k m em p rod u k si h orm on yan g
m en g at u r ak t ivit as t u b u h . Kelen jar en d ok rin d ik en al ju g a d ik en al d en g an k elen jar
b u n t u . M acam -m acam k elen jar en d ok rin d an let ak n ya:
1. Pan k reas
Terd ap at p u lau lan g erh an s d an art eri, sert a 2 m acam sel yait u sel α dan sel β. Sel β
b iasan ya t erlet ak d i t en g ah p u lau lan g erh an s, m em ilik i w arn a b iru d en g an
p ew arn aan h em at ok silin g om ori. Sel β ini berfungsi sebagai penghasil hormon insulin.
Sel α memiliki ukuran yang lebih besar dari pada sel β, terletak pada bagian perifer pulau
68
lan g erh an s d an m em p u n yai b u t ir-b u t ir sek resi yan g b erw arn a m erah jik a d ib eri
p ew arn aan d en g an h em at ok silin .
2. Parat iroid
Kelen jar p arat iroid t erd iri d ari 2 m acam sel yait u sel p rin cip a l d an sel ok sifil. Sel
p rin cip a l m em ilik i b en t u k p olig on k ecil, in t i vesik u ler sert a m em ilik i sit op lasm a
yan g p u cat . Fu n g si d ari sel p rin cip al in i ad alah seb ag ai h orm on p arat iroid . Sel
ok sifil m em ilik i ju m lah yan g leb ih sed ik it , b erg erom b ol, b erb en t u k p olig on al d an
b eru k u ran leb ih b esar, sit op lasm an ya cerah d ib an d in g k an sel p rin cip a l.
Gam b ar 29. (A) t iroid , (B) p arat iroid , (C) t im u s, (D ) sel foliku lar
3. Kelen jar Ad ren al

Kelen jar ad ren al t erd iri d ari d u a b ag ian yan g jelas, b ag ian lu ar d iseb u t k ort ek s yan g
b erasal d ari m esod erm al d an b ag ian d alam yan g d isb eu t m ed u lla d an b erasal d ari
n eu roek t od erm . Kelen jar ad ren al d ib alu t oleh k ap su la yan g t erd iri d ari jarin g an ik at
p ek at t id ak t erat u r d an k ad an g -k ad an g t erd ap at ot ot p olos. k ort ek s ad ren al it u
69
sen d iri t erb ag i m en jad i 3 d aerah yait u zon a g rom elu rosa (lap is p alin g lu ar), zon a
fascicu lat a d an zon a ret ik u laris yan g let ak n ya b erb at asan d en g an m ed u lla.
Gam b ar 30 . Hist olog i k elen jar ad ren al, (A) k ort ek s, (B) m ed u lla, (C) zon a g lom eru losa, (D )
zon a fascicu lat a, (E) zon a ret iicu laris
4 . Kelen jar p in eal

Terd ap at d u a jen is sel yan g d ap at d iam at i, yait u p in ealosit d an ast erosit .
5. Tiroid
Terlet ak d i d aerah servik al d ep an larin g , t erd iri d ari 2 lob u s yan g d ih u b u n g k an oleh
ist h m u s. Jarin g an t iroid t erd iri d ari folik el-folik el d en g an ep it el selap is silin d ris d an
lu m en yan g m en g an d u n g zat g elat in d an k oloid . D ian t ara folik el-folik el t iroid
t erd ap at jarin g an ik at yan g t ip is d an k ap iler-k ap iler d arah .
70
p rep arat p erm an en cereb ru m , cereb ellu m , p an creas, t iroid , p arat iroid , ad ren al, d an
p in eal.

Am at i p rep arat d i b aw ah m ik rosk op d an id en t ifik asi b ag ian -b ag ian p en yu su n n ya,

1. Hist olog i cereb ellu m
ot ak m en cit (h t t p ://w w w .h ist olog yg u id e.org /slid eview /M HS-283-b rain /0 6-slid e-
1.h t m l?x=0 &y=0 &z=-1&p ag e=1)
p en yu su n n ya
t an d a p an ah p ad a b ag ian cereb ellu m d an sel p u rk in je.
d en g an k et eran g an .
2. Hist olog i t iroid d an p arat iroid
t iroid d an p arat iroid (h t t p ://w w w .h ist olog yg u id e.org /slid eview /M HS-20 9-t h yroid -
p arat h yroid -t h ym u s/13-slid e-1.h t m l?x=0 &y=0 &z=-1&p ag e=1)
p en yu su n n ya
t an d a p an ah p ad a b ag ian t iroid , p arat iroid , t im u s, sel folik u lar, sel k ep ala d an sel
ok sifil.
3. Hist olog i k elen jar ad ren al
71
ad ren al (h t t p ://w w w .h ist olog yg u id e.org /slid eview /M HS-216-ad ren al/13-slid e-
1.h t m l?x=0 &y=0 &z=-1&p ag e=1)
p en yu su n n ya
t an d a p an ah p ad a b ag ian k ort ek s (zon a g lom eru losa, zon a fascicu lat a, zon a
ret icu laris) d an m ed u lla.
d en g an ket eran g an .
72
HISTOLOGI SISTEM
INTEGUM EN, OTOT, D AN RANGKA
Tujuan Prak t ik um
in t eg u m en t , ot ot d an ran g k a.
Landasan Teori
A. Sist em In t eg u m en
Sist em in t eg u m en t t erd iri d ari k u lit d an d erivat n ya (ram b u t , b u lu , k u k u , t an d u k ,
k elen jar cu t a n eou s). Terb ag i at as d u a jen is, yait u k u lit t eb al d an k u lit t ip is.
Karakt erist ik Ku lit t eb al Ku lit Tip is

Let ak Telap ak t an g an d an kaki Selu ru h p erm u kaan t u b u h
Ep id erm is 0 ,5 m m 0 ,1 m m
Ram b u t Tid ak ad a Ad a
Kelen jar kerin g at Ad a Ad a
Kelen jar seb asea Tid ak ad a Ad a
Ku lit d isu su n oleh 3 lap isan jarin g an yait u :

1. Ep id erm is
Ep id erm is b erfu n g si seb ag ai lap isan p rot ek t if yan g m en jag a lalu lin t as air d an zat -
zat yan g t erlaru t d i d alam n ya. Karak t er ep id erm is seb ag ai b erik u t :
a. D isu su n oleh ep it el b erlap is b an yak b erk erat in
b . Sel-sel m at i p ad a p erm u k aan
c. Tid ak m em ilik i p em b u lu h d arah
d . Nu t risi b erg an t u n g p ad a d ifu si d ari lap isan d erm is
e. M em ilik i ak h iran saraf sen soris – sen t u h an d an n yeri
Ep id erm is t erd iri d ari lap isan -lap isan :
a. St rat u m k orn eu m
• Lap isan t erlu ar (t erat as) k u lit t erd iri d ari ± 30 lap isan
• D isu su n oleh sel ep it el p ip ih b erlap is b an yak – t erk erat in isasi
73
• Tah an t erh ad ap ab rasi, p en et rasi, d an h ilan g n ya air
b . St rat u m lu sid u m
• Terd ap at k erat in osit yg b ersih , t id ak b erin t i, & t id ak jelas b at as an t ar seln ya
• Sel b erisi m at eri sep ert i g el (eleid in ) — d iu b ah m en jad i k erat in
• Han ya t erd ap at p ad a k u lit t eb al
c. St rat u m g ran u losu m
• D im u lain ya p roses k erat in isasi -> k erat oh ialin
• D isu su n oleh 3-5 lap is sel k erat in osit b en t u k k u b oid
d . St rat u m sp in osu m
• D isu su n 8-10 lap is sel k erat in osit b erb en t u k p olyh ed ral
• Ban yak sel-sel d en d rit ik
e. St rat u m b asale
• Sat u lap is sel ep it el
• Terd ap at k erat in osit , m elan osit , d an sel M erk el
2. D erm is
D erm is m eru p ak an lap isan jarin g an ik at d i b aw ah ep id erm is. Karak t er ep id erm is
seb ag ai b erik u t :
a. Ket eb alan : 0 ,3 – 6 m m
b . D isu su n t eru t am a oleh serab u t k olag en & elast in , serab u t ret ik u lin , d an
fib rob last
c. Terd ap at p em b u lu h d arah , k el. k erin g at , k el. seb asea, d an ak h iran saraf
d . Folik el ram b u t d an ak ar k u k u t erb en am d i lap isan d erm is
e. M em b en t u k d erm al p ap illae, m eru p ak an ek st en si k e at as d ari d erm is m en u ju
b ag ian ep id erm is m em b en t u k t on jolan sid ik jari
D erm is t erd iri at as lap isan :
a. St rat u m p ap ilaris – lap . Su p erficial
• Jarin g an ik at lon g g ar (areolar) d ek at p ap ila d erm is
• Tem p at m ob ilit as leu k osit d an sel-sel im u n lain – b an yak p em b u lu h d arah
• let ak b erad a d ib aw ah ep id erm is (d ek at )
b . St rat u m ret ik u laris – leb ih d alam d an t eb al (80 % d erm is)
• M eru p ak an jarin g an ik at p ad at t id ak t erat u r
• d iju m p ai ju g a k elen jar-k elen jar yg m eru p ak an t u ru n an ep id erm is,
p em b u lu h d arah , p em b u lu h lim fe d an saraf.
74
• let ak b earad a d ib aw ah s.p ap ilare
Gam b ar 31. Hist olog i k u lit , 1. Ku lit t eb al (k u lit t elap ak k ak i/t elap ak t an g an , 2. Ku lit t ip is (d i
selu ru h t u b u h . (A) ep id erm is, (B) d erm is, (C) st rat u m corn eu m , (D ) st rat u m g ran u losu m ,
(E) st rat u m sp on g iosu m , (F) st rat u m b asalis
3. Hip od erm is
a. Jarin g an su b k u t an — Jarin g an ik at leb ih lon g g ar d an leb ih b an yak
m en g an d u n g lem ak d arip ad a d erm is
b . M eru p ak an b an t alan t u b u h
c. M en g ik at k u lit p ad a jarin g an d ib aw ah n ya
d . Ban yak p em b u lu h d arah
e. Lem ak p ad a jarin g an b erfu n g si:
f. Cad an g an en erg y
g . In su lasi su h u t u b u h
h . Pad a w an it a 8% leb ih t eb al
B. Sist em Tu lan g d an ran g k a
75
Tu lan g m eru p ak an salah sat u jarin g an t erk eras d alam t u b u h m an u sia. Seb ag ai u n su r
u t am a k eran g k a t u b u h , ia m en yok on g st ru k t u r-st ru k t u r t u b u h lain n ya, m elin d u n g i
org an -org an vit al sep ert i yan g t erd ap at d i d alam ron g g a t en g k orak d an d ad a, sert a
m en g an d u n g su m su m t u lan g t em p at d i m an a sel-sel d arah d ib en t u k .
1. Tu lan g Keras
Pad a p em ot on g an , t u lan g m at an g t erlih at d ib en t u k oleh lap isan k om p ak lu ar
(k ort ek s, t u lan g k ort ik al, t u lan g k om p ak ) d an w ilayah t en g ah yan g b erb en t u k
sep ert i sp on s (sp on g iosa, m ed u la, d an t u lan g k an selu s). Tu lan g k om p ak m em ilik i
salu ran p em b u lu h d arah yan g u n ik , yan g t erb ag i m en jad i d u a jen is b erd asark an
orien t asin ya d an h u b u n g an n ya d en g an st ru k t u r lam elar t u lan g d isek it arn ya:
m em b u ju r (k an al Ha versia n ) d an m elin t an g /m irin g (k an al Volkm a n n ). Sel-sel
p en yu su n t u lan g k eras :
a. Ost eob las m em ilik i n u k leu s b u lat d an b esar d an g an k rom at in h alu s yan g
t erseb ar m erat a. M at rik s t u lan g yan g b aru d isin t esis, b elu m m en g alam i
k alsifik asi, d an t erlet ak d i d ek at ost eob las d iseb u t d en g an ost eoid .
b . Ost eosit ad alah sel yan g d it em u k an t erb u n g k u s d i d alam lap isan -lap isan
m at rik s t u lan g yan g t elah m en g alam i m in eralisasi.
c. Ost eok las ad alah sel yan g m ot il (d ap at b erg erak ) d an san g at b esar. Ost eok las
m em p u n yai sit op lasm a yan g leb ar d en g an ju m lah in t i 6-50 at au leb ih .
Ost eok las b iasan ya m en on jol d i at as p erm u k aan m at rik s.
2. Tu lan g raw an (k art ilag o)
Tu lan g raw an ad alah jarin g an ik at k h u su s yan g t erd iri d ari sel-sel yan g d iseb u t
k on d rosit d an m at rik s ek st rasel. Sel-sel k on d rosit b erad a d i d alam ron g g a-ron g g a
yan g d iseb u t lak u n a. Fu n g si d ari t u lan g raw an ad alah :
a. M en yok on g jarin g an lu n ak .
b . Un t u k p ert u m b u h an t u lan g p an jan g seb elu m at au sesu d ah lah ir.
c. m em p erm u d ah p erg erak an t u lan g .
Lap isan -lap isan k art ilag o t erd iri d ari:
a. Perik on d riu m m eru p ak an lap isan lu ar yan g m en g elilin g i t u lan g raw an yan g
t erd iri d ari jarin g an ik at p ad at . Perik on d riu m in i m em ilik i p em b u lu h d arah yan g
m em asok n u t risi k e k art ilag o. Perik on d riu m t erd iri d ari d u a lap isan :
76
• Lap isan lu ar (lap isan fib rosa), p ad a lap isan in i sel-sel m esen k im
b erd ifferen siasi m en jad i sel fib rob las yan g ak an m em b en t u k sert a-serat
k olag en
• Lap isan d alam (lap isan k on d rog en ik ), p ad a lap isan in i sel m esen k im
b erd iferen siasi m en jad i sel k on d rob las yan g ak an m en g h asilk an m at rik s
t u lan g raw an
Gam b ar 32. Hist olog i t u lan g raw an d i t elin g a, (A) p erikon d riu m , (B) m at riks
b . Kon d riu m m eru p ak an lap isan p alin g d alam , lap isan in i d ap at d iju m p ai sel-sel
d an m at rik s ek st rasel.
• Sel k on d rob las
Kon d rob las yan g m en g h asilk an m at rik s seh in g g a ak h irn ya t erp en d am
d alam m at rik s d an sek aran g d iseb u t k on d rosit yan g t erd ap at d alam ron g g a
lak u n a.
• Sel Kon d rosit
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Berad a d alam lak u n a, m am p u m em b elah b eb erap a k ali seh in g g a sel an ak
m en et ap d i lak u n a yan g sam a. Lak u n a yan g b erisi em p at sel d iseb u t sel
isog en “cell n est ”.
• M at rik s m eru p ak an g el am orf yan g m en g an d u n g g lik osam in og lik an s d an
serat k olag en . Selain it u t erd ap at k on d ron ek t in yan g m eru p ak an
p rot ein yan g m elek at k an k on d rosit p ad a serat k olag en d an k on d rok alsin
yan g b erp eran p roses p en g ap u ran t u lan g raw an .
Gam b ar 33. Hist olog i t u lan g keras, (A) salu ran h avers, (B) lam ella, (C) lacu n a, (D) kan aliku li
Tu lan g raw an t erb ag i at as 3 t ip e yait u :

a. Tu lan g raw an h ialin , m eru p ak an b en t u k yan g p alin g u m u m d iju m p ai, k olag en II
m eru p ak an t ip e k olag en u t am an ya.
b . Tu lan g raw an elast is, yan g leb ih len t u r, m em ilik i b an yak serat elast is d alam
m at rik sn ya selain k olag en t ip e II. Palin g b an yak d it em u k an p ad a d au n t elin g a,
78
d in d in g m eat u s ak u st ik u s ek st ern u s, t u b a au d it ori eu st ach ia, ep ig lot is, d an
seb ag ian laryn x. Tu lan g raw an elast is p ad a d asarn ya sam a d en g an t u lan g
raw an h ialin k ecu ali m em ilik i b an yak serat elast is selain serat k olag en t ip e II.
Sel-sel k on d rob las d an sel-sel k on d rosit p ad a t u lan g raw an elast is in i
m em p u n yai sifat sep ert i t u lan g raw an h ialin , p ad a sel-sel in i m em p rod u k si ju g a
serat elast is.
c. Fib rok art ilag o, d iju m p ai d i b ag ian -b ag ian t u b u h yan g m en g alam i t arik an at au
t ek an an d it an d ai m at rik s yan g m en g an d u n g an yam an p ad at serat k olag en
t ip e-I yan g k asar
C. Sist em Ot ot
Jarin g an ot ot m eru p ak an salah sat u b ag ian d ari sist em p erg erak an t u b u h m an u sia
yan g t erm asu k d alam sist em m u sk u losk elet al. Jarin g an ot ot t erd iri d ari sel-sel ot ot
yan g ju g a m en g an d u n g jarin g an ik at . St ru k t u r d ari seb u ah sel ot ot , ad alah seb ag ai
b erik u t :
1. M em b ran sel, d iseb u t d en g an sark olem m a at au p lasm alem m a
2. Sit op lasm a, d iseb u t d en g an sark op lasm a
3. Ret ik u lu m en d op lasm a, d iseb u t d en g an ret ik u lu m sark op lasm a
4 . M it ok on d ria, d iseb u t d en g an sark osom
5. M ik rofilam en , d iseb u t d en g an m iofib ril
Jarin g an ik at yan g t erd ap at p ad a ot ot b eru p a:
1. Ep im isiu m , p em b u n g k u s t erlu ar, m en g elilin g i ot ot , m em isah k an ot ot d ari jarin g an
d an org an sek it arn ya. M en g an d u n g p em b u lu h d arah , lim fe d an serab u t saraf
2. Perim isiu m , m em b u n g k u s fasik u lu s ot ot , t erd iri d ari serat k olag en d an elast is,
m en g an d u n g p em b u lu h d arah d an serab u t saraf
3. En d om isiu m , m em b u n g k u s serat ot ot , t erd iri d ari jarin g an ik at lon g g ar,
m en g an d u n g p em b u lu h d arah , serab u t saraf d an sel sat elit
Jen is-jen is jarin g an ot ot
1. Ot ot p olos
a. Sel-sel ot ot p olos b erb en t u k fu siform , lon jon g , t id ak b erlu rik .
b . D ik elilin g i oleh m em b ran a b asalis d an jarin g an ik at ret ik u ler.
c. Pan jan g b ervariasi b erk isar 20 μ m p ad a p em b u lu h d arah k ecil h in g g a 50 0 μ m
p ad a u t eru s d alam k ead aan h am il.
d . In t i 1 d i sen t ral.
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e. Serat ot ot leb ih k ecil d ari ot ot lu rik .
f. Tid ak m em ilik i sark om er d an T-t u b u les.
g . D it em u k an p ad a b ola m at a, d in d in g p em b u lu h d arah , salu ran n afas, salu ran
cern a, org an u rin ariu s d an org an rep rod u k si.
2. Ot ot lu rik
a. D iseb u t ju g a d en g an volu n t a ry m u scle at au st ria t ed m u scle.
b . Terd iri d ari sel-sel at au serat ot ot , jarin g an ik at , p em b u lu h d arah d an saraf.
c. Serat n ya p an jan g , b erb en t u k silin d ris d en g an in t i yan g b an yak d i p erifer.
d . Pan jan g serat n ya an t ara 1 m m – 4 cm .
e. Sark olem m a d ib u n g k u s oleh en d om isiu m d an t am p ak b erlu rik .
3. Ot ot jan t u n g
a. Han ya d it em u k an d i jan t u n g d an m em b en t u k m iok ard iu m .
b . Berb en t u k sel t u n g g al d an b u k an serat .
c. Sel ot ot jan t u n g b ercab an g -cab an g d an salin g b erh u b u n g an p ad a d isk u s
in t erk alaris. Nu k leu s b erju m lah 1-2 t erlet ak d i sen t ral. Barisan sel-sel jan t u n g
yan g salin g b erh u b u n g an m em b en t u k sep ert i serat .
Gam b ar 34 . Hist olog i ot ot lu rik

(su m b er: h t t p ://w w w .h ist olog yg u id e.org /slid eb ox/slid eb ox.h t m l )
80
Gam b ar 35. Hist olog i serat ot ot lu rik (su m b er:
h t t p s://w w w .b rit an n ica.com /scien ce/m u scle/Vert eb rat e-m u scle-syst em s)

p rep arat p erm an en k u lit t eb al, k u lit t ip is, k art ilag o, t u lan g k eras, ot ot lu rik , ot ot jan t u n g ,
ot ot p olos.

Am at i p rep arat d i b aw ah m ik rosk op d an id en t ifik asi b ag ian -b ag ian p en yu su n n ya,

1. Hist olog i k u lit t eb al d an t ip is
k u lit t eb al (h t t p ://w w w .h ist olog yg u id e.org /slid eview /M H-0 91b h r-t h ick -sk in /11-slid e-
1.h t m l?x=0 &y=0 &z=-1&p ag e=1) d an k u lit t ip is
(h t t p ://w w w .h ist olog yg u id e.org /slid eview /M H-0 90 -t h in -sk in /11-slid e-1.h t m l)
p en yu su n n ya
81
t an d a p an ah p ad a b ag ian ep id erm is (st rat u m b asalis, st rat u m sp in osu m , st rat u m
g ran u losu m , st rat u m corn eu m ) d an d erm is.
2. Hist olog i t u lan g raw an
t u lan g raw an t elin g a (h t t p ://w w w .h ist olog yg u id e.org /slid eview /VH-0 4 0 -ear/0 5-
p en yu su n n ya
t an d a p an ah p ad a b ag ian p erik on d riu m d an m at rik s.
3. Hist olog i t u lan g k eras
t u lan g k eras (h t t p ://w w w .h ist olog yg u id e.org /slid eview /M HS-20 2-g rou n d -b on e/0 5-
p en yu su n n ya
t an d a p an ah p ad a b ag ian salu ran h avers, lam ella, lacu n a, d an k an alik u li sert a
lam ella in t ersisial.
4 . Hist olog i ot ot lu rik
t u lan g k eras (h t t p ://w w w .h ist olog yg u id e.org /slid eview /M H-0 55ah r-sk elet al-
m u scle/0 4 -slid e-1.h t m l?x=0 &y=0 &z=-1&p ag e=1 )
p en yu su n n ya
82
t an d a p an ah p ad a b ag ian p it a A, p it a I, g aris Z, d an p it a H.
83
D AFTAR PUSTAKA
D i Fiore, M . S. (1964 ). An at las of h u m an h ist olog y. Aca d em ic M ed icin e, 39(2), 236.
Soren son , R. L., & Belje, T. C. (20 14 ). At la s of Hu m a n Hist olog y: A Gu id e t o M icroscop ic

St ru ct u re of Cells, Tissu es a n d Org a n s.
An at om i rep t ile d i su d u t at as aw al b ab :
h t t p s://w w w .d k fin d ou t .com /u k /an im als-an d -n at u re/rep t iles/in sid e-sn ak e/
An at om i am fib i d i su d u t at as aw al b ab :
h t t p s://w w w .d k fin d ou t .com /u k /an im als-an d -n at u re/rep t iles/in sid e-sn ak e/
An at om i p isces d i su d u t at as aw al b ab :
h t t p s://w w w .realan at om y.d e/w p -con t en t /u p load s/20 16/0 1/30 0 10 -0 0 1.jp g
An at om i aves d i su d u t at as aw al b ab :
h t t p s://w w w .p in t erest .com /p in /85990 6122572635981/
An at om i m am m alian d i su d u t at as aw al b ab :
h t t p s://st at ic.t u rb osq u id .com /Preview /20 14 /0 7/0 6__10 _0 7_13/Rat _an at om y_leo3d m od els_0
0 0 0 .jp g 9390 6fe5-30 a1-4 985-9397-51b 58f110 f9cLarg e.jp g
Prep arat h ist olog i d i su d u t at as b ab h ist olog i sist em p en cern aan :

h t t p ://w w w .h ist olog yg u id e.org /slid eview /M H-120 -ileu m /14 -slid e-1.h t m l?x=0 &y=0 &z=-
1&p ag e=1
Prep arat h ist olog i d i su d u t at as b ab h ist olog y sist em resp irasi d an sirk u lasi (t rach ea):
h t t p ://w w w .h ist olog yg u id e.org /slid eview /M H-136-t rach ea/17-slid e-1.h t m l?x=0 &y=0 &z=-
1&p ag e=1
Prep arat h ist olog i d i su d u t at as b ab h ist olog y sist em u rog en it alia:

h t t p ://w w w .h ist olog yg u id e.org /slid eview /M H-14 1b -k id n ey/16-slid e-1.h t m l?x=0 &y=0 &z=-
1&p ag e=1
84
LEM BAR KERJA PRAKTIKUM
St ru k t u r Hew an
Ju ru san Biolog i
Faku lt as M at em at ika d an Ilm u Pen g et ah u an Alam
Un iversit as An d alas
Nam a: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
NIM : ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
Kelas: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
Kelom p ok : ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
85
ANATOM I PISCES
M orfolog i t u b u h p isces Ket eran g an :
Jen is:…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Gam b ar at au sk et sa sist em p en cern aan p isces Ket eran g an :
86
Gam b ar at au sk et sa sist em resp irasi d an sirk u lasi p isces Ket eran g an :
Gam b ar at au sk et sa sist em saraf p isces Ket eran g an :
87
Gam b ar at au sk et sa sist em in t eg u m en t p isces Ket eran g an :
Gam b ar at au sk et sa sist em ot ot d an ran g k a p isces Ket eran g an :
88
ANATOM I AM PHIBIA
M orfolog i t u b u h am p h ib ia Ket eran g an :
Jen is:…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Gam b ar at au sk et sa sist em p en cern aan am p h ib ia Ket eran g an :
89
Gam b ar at au sk et sa sist em resp irasi d an sirk u lasi am p h ib ia Ket eran g an :
Gam b ar at au sk et sa sist em saraf am p h ib ia Ket eran g an :
90
Gam b ar at au sk et sa sist em in t eg u m en t am p h ib ia Ket eran g an :
Gam b ar at au sk et sa sist em ot ot d an ran g k a am p h ib ia Ket eran g an :
91
ANATOM I REPTILIA
M orfolog i t u b u h rep t ilia Ket eran g an :
Jen is:…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Gam b ar at au sk et sa sist em p en cern aan rep t ilia Ket eran g an :
92
Gam b ar at au sk et sa sist em resp irasi d an sirk u lasi rep t ilia Ket eran g an :
Gam b ar at au sk et sa sist em saraf rep t ilia Ket eran g an :
93
Gam b ar at au sk et sa sist em in t eg u m en t rep t ilia Ket eran g an :
Gam b ar at au sk et sa sist em ot ot d an ran g k a rep t ilia Ket eran g an :
94
ANATOM I AVES
M orfolog i t u b u h aves Ket eran g an :
Jen is:…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Gam b ar at au sk et sa sist em p en cern aan aves Ket eran g an :
95
Gam b ar at au sk et sa sist em resp irasi d an sirk u lasi aves Ket eran g an :
Gam b ar at au sk et sa sist em saraf aves Ket eran g an :
96
Gam b ar at au sk et sa sist em in t eg u m en t aves Ket eran g an :
Gam b ar at au sk et sa sist em ot ot d an ran g k a aves Ket eran g an :
97
ANATOM I M AM M ALIA
M orfolog i t u b u h m am m alia Ket eran g an :
Jen is:…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Gam b ar at au sk et sa sist em p en cern aan m am m alia Ket eran g an :
98
Gam b ar at au sk et sa sist em resp irasi d an sirk u lasi m am m alia Ket eran g an :
Gam b ar at au sk et sa sist em saraf m am m alia Ket eran g an :
99
Gam b ar at au sk et sa sist em in t eg u m en t m am m alia Ket eran g an :
Gam b ar at au sk et sa sist em ot ot d an ran g k a m am m alia Ket eran g an :
10 0
HISTOLOGI SISTEM PENCERNAAN
Gam b ar/sk et sa/screen ca p t u re h ist olog i lid ah (p ap illa-p ap illa) Ket eran g an :
Gam b ar/sk et sa/screen ca p t u re h ist olog i oesop h ag u s Ket eran g an :
10 1
Gam b ar/sk et sa/screen ca p t u re h ist olog i lam b u n g Ket eran g an :
Gam b ar/sk et sa/screen ca p t u re h ist olog i u su s h alu s Ket eran g an :
10 2
Gam b ar/sk et sa/screen ca p t u re h ist olog i u su s b esar Ket eran g an :
Gam b ar/sk et sa/screen ca p t u re h ist olog i rek t u m Ket eran g an :
10 3
HISTOLOGI SISTEM RESPIRASI & SIRKULASI
Gam b ar/sk et sa/screen ca p t u re h ist olog i t rach ea Ket eran g an :
Gam b ar/sk et sa/screen ca p t u re h ist olog i p aru -p aru Ket eran g an :
10 4
Gam b ar/sk et sa/screen ca p t u re h ist olog i jan t u n g Ket eran g an :
Gam b ar/sk et sa/screen ca p t u re h ist olog i ven a & art eri Ket eran g an :
10 5
HISTOLOGI SISTEM UROGENITALIA
Gam b ar/sk et sa/screen ca p t u re h ist olog i g in jal Ket eran g an :
Gam b ar/sk et sa/screen ca p t u re h ist olog i u ret er Ket eran g an :
10 6
Gam b ar/sk et sa/screen ca p t u re h ist olog i t est is Ket eran g an :
Gam b ar/sk et sa/screen ca p t u re h ist olog i p en is Ket eran g an :
10 7
Gam b ar/sk et sa/screen ca p t u re h ist olog i ovary Ket eran g an :
Gam b ar/sk et sa/screen ca p t u re h ist olog i u t eru s Ket eran g an :
10 8
HISTOLOGI SISTEM SARAF & END OKRIN
Gam b ar/sk et sa/screen ca p t u re h ist olog i cereb ellu m Ket eran g an :
Gam b ar/sk et sa/screen ca p t u re h ist olog i sp in a l ch ord Ket eran g an :
10 9
Gam b ar/sk et sa/screen ca p t u re h ist olog i h ip ofisa Ket eran g an :
Gam b ar/sk et sa/screen ca p t u re h ist olog i t iroid /p arat iroid /t im u s Ket eran g an :
110
Gam b ar/sk et sa/screen ca p t u re h ist olog i ad ren al Ket eran g an :
Gam b ar/sk et sa/screen ca p t u re h ist olog i p an k reas Ket eran g an :
111
HISTOLOGI SISTEM INTEGUM EN, OTOT &
RANGKA
Gam b ar/sk et sa/screen ca p t u re h ist olog i k u lit t ip is Ket eran g an :
Gam b ar/sk et sa/screen ca p t u re h ist olog i k u lit t eb al Ket eran g an :
112
Gam b ar/sk et sa/screen ca p t u re h ist olog i ot ot lu rik Ket eran g an :
Gam b ar/sk et sa/screen ca p t u re h ist olog i ot ot p olos Ket eran g an :
113
Gam b ar/sk et sa/screen ca p t u re h ist olog i t u lan g raw an Ket eran g an :
Gam b ar/sk et sa/screen ca p t u re h ist olog i t u lan g k eras Ket eran g an :
114

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Revisi Panduan Praktikum Struktur Hewan - 210920

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PAND UAN PRAKTIKUM

TIM PRAKTIKUM STRUKTUR HEW AN

Program St udi S1 Jurusan Biologi

Daftar Isi ................................................................................................................................................... 2

Daftar Gambar ......................................................................................................................................... 5

Kata Pengantar ........................................................................................................................................ 6

Tata Tertib Praktikum .............................................................................................................................. 7

Jadwal Praktikum .................................................................................................................................... 8

Learning Outcome ................................................................................................................................... 9

Praktikum Struktur Hewan...................................................................................................................... 9

Anatomi Pisces ...................................................................................................................................... 10

Anatomi Amphibia ................................................................................................................................. 14

Anatomi Reptilia .................................................................................................................................... 19

Anatomi Aves ........................................................................................................................................ 23

Histologi Sistem Pencernaan ............................................................................................................... 36

Histologi Sistem Respirasi & Sirkulasi ................................................................................................ 45

Histologi Sistem Urogenitalia ............................................................................................................... 54

Histologi Sistem Saraf & Endokrin ...................................................................................................... 66

Histologi Sistem Integumen, Otot, dan Rangka .................................................................................. 73

Daftar Pustaka ....................................................................................................................................... 84

Lembar Kerja Praktikum ....................................................................................................................... 85

Anatomi Pisces ...................................................................................................................................... 86

Anatomi Reptilia .................................................................................................................................... 92

Anatomi Aves ........................................................................................................................................ 95

Anatomi Mammalia ................................................................................................................................ 98

Histologi Sistem Pencernaan ............................................................................................................. 101

Histologi Sistem Respirasi & Sirkulasi .............................................................................................. 104

Histologi Sistem Urogenitalia ............................................................................................................. 106

Histologi Sistem Saraf & Endokrin .................................................................................................... 109

Histologi Sistem Integumen, Otot & Rangka .................................................................................... 112

Tim Pen u lis

Pert em uan k e- Topik Prak t ik um

1 Asist en si Prakt iku m

7 Ujian Ten g ah Sem est er

8 Hist olog i Sist em Pen cern aan

9 Hist olog i Sist em Resp irasi d an Sirku lasi

10 Hist olog i Sist em Urog en it alia

11 Hist olog i Sist em Saraf d an En d okrin

12 Hist olog i Sist em In t eg u m en , Ot ot d an Ran g ka

14 Ujian Akh ir Sem est er

Bein g a b le in u sin g in st ru m en t s a n d rela t ed m et h od s in ob servin g a n d

1. M am p u m elaku kan ob servasi d an m en g id en t ifikasi an at om i sist em t u b u h

Bagian dalam t ubuh Pisces

Gam b ar 1. An at om i Ikan (su m b er: Ud o M . Savalli)

3. Sist em Resp irasi

Gam b ar 2. An at om i sist em ot ot p ad a ikan

Alat dan Bahan Prak t ik um

Bagian dalam t ubuh Am phibia (Sit us Viscerum )

Sist em Pencernaan (D igest ive Syst em )

Sist em Urogenit al (Urogenit alia Syst em )

Sist em Respirasi (Respirat ory Syst em )

Gam b ar 3. An at om i t u b u h kat ak (su m b er: Ud o M . Savalli)

Alat dan Bahan Prak t ik um

Gam b ar 4 . Sit u s viceru m d an sist em ran g ka p ad a u lar

Sist em pencernaan (D igest ive Syst em )

Sist em respirasi (Respirat ory Syst em )

Gam b ar 5. Sist em ot ot p ad a rep t il

Sist em ot ot dan rangk a

Alat dan Bahan Prak t ik um

Gam b ar 6. An at om i ran g ka Aves

Sist em Pencernaan (Syst em a D igest oria)

Sist em Respirasi (Syst em a Respirat orius)

Sist em urogenit al (Syst em a Urogenit alia)