Materi pertemuan 2

Operasi Himpunan

1. Aplikasi Terhadap Himpunan

a. Irisan
A irisan B ditulis A ∩ B = {x | x ∈ A dan x ∈ B}
Dikatakan A ∩ B jika himpunan A memiliki anggota yang sama dengan himpunan
B.

S A S A S B
B A
B

b. Gabungan
A gabungan B ditulis A ∪ B = {x | x ∈ A atau x ∈ B}
Yang termasuk dalam A ∪ B adalah anggota himpunan A digabung dengan anggota
himpunan B.

S A S A S B
B A
B

c. Penjumlahan
A penjumlahan B ditulis A + B = {x | x ∈ A atau x ∈ B, x ∈ A ∩ B}.
A dijumlah dengan B (A + B), penyelesaiannya adalah gabungann anggota
himpunan A dan himpunan B kecuali irisan dari A dan B.

S A S A S B
B A
B

Lasia Agustina, M.Pd

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 d. Selisih
A selisih B ditulis A – B = {x | x ∈ A, tetapi x ∈ B}
A dikatakan selisih dengan B (A – B) adalah himpunan yang termasuk anggota
himpunan A selain anggota himpunan B.
B dikatakan selisih dengan A (B – A) adalah himpunan yang termasuk anggota
himpunan B selain anggota himpunan A.

S A S A S B
B A
B

e. Perkalian
A × B adalah pasangan berurutan dimana a ∈ A dan b ∈ B
A × B = {(a,b) | a ∈ A dan b ∈ B}
Contoh:
𝐴 = {1,2}
𝐵 = {𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 }
𝐴𝑥𝐵 = {(1, 𝑎), (1, 𝑏), (1, 𝑐 ), (2, 𝑎), (2, 𝑏), (2, 𝑐 )}
𝐵𝑥𝐴 = {(𝑎, 1), (𝑎, 2), (𝑏, 1), (𝑏, 2), (𝑐, 1), (𝑐, 2)}

f. Komplemen
A ditulis A', adalah semua anggota S selain anggota A.
A' = {x | x ∈ S, x ∈ A}
Contoh :
𝑆 = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10}
𝐴 = {2,3,5,7}
𝐴′ = {1,4,6,8,9,10}

Contoh Soal I :

Jika: S = {1, 2, 3, …, 15}

Lasia Agustina, M.Pd

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 A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
B = {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13}
C = {1, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10}
D = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}

Tentukan:
a. A - B g. (B ∩ D) + (A ∪ B)
b. A + B h. (A ∩ B) – (C ∩ B)
c. A ∩ B i. (A × D)
d. A ∪ B j. (A ∪ B) ∩ C
e. (A ∩ B) + (B ∩ C) k. (B ∩ C) ∪ D
f. (A ∪ B) - C l. (B ∩ C) + D

Pembahasan:
a. A - B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} – {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13} = {1, 4}

b. A + B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} + {2, 3, 5, 7, 11} = {1, 4, 7, 11, 13}

c. A ∩ B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} ∩ {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13} = {2, 3, 5}

d. A ∪ B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} ∪ {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13} = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 11, 13}

e. (A ∩ B) + (B ∩ C) = {2, 3, 5} + [{2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13} ∩{1, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10}]

= {2, 3, 5} + { }

f. (A ∪ B) - C = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 11, 13} - {1, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10}

= {2, 3, 6, 7, 11, 13}

g. (B ∩ D) + (A ∪ B) = [{2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13} ∩ {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}] + {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 11,

13}
= {2, 3, 5, 7} + {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 11, 13}
= {1, 4, 11, 13}

Lasia Agustina, M.Pd

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 h. (A ∩ B) – (C ∩ B) = {2, 3, 5} – [{1, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10} ∩ {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13}]
= {2, 3, 5} – { }
= {2, 3, 5}

i. (A × D) = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} × {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
= {1, 2}, {1, 3}, {1, 4}, {1, 5}, {1, 6}, {1, 7}, {2, 2}, {2, 3}, {2,4}, {2, 5},
{2, 6}, {2, 7}, {3, 2}, {3, 3}, {3, 4}, {3, 5}, {3,6}, {3, 7}, {4, 2}, {4, 3},
{4, 4}, {4, 5}, {4, 6}, {4, 7}, {5,2}, {5, 3}, {5, 4}, {5, 5}, {5, 6}, {5, 7}

j. (A ∪ B) ∩ C = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 11, 13} ∩ {1, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10}

= {1, 4}

k. (B ∩ C) ∪ D = { } ∪ {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
= {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}

l. (B ∩ C) + D = { } + {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
= {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}

Contoh Soal II :

Jika: S = {1, 2, 3, …, 10}

A = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}
B = {2, 3, 5, 7}
C = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}

Tentukan:

Lasia Agustina, M.Pd

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 a. A’, B’, dan C’ e. (A + B)’ ∩ (B – C)’
b. (A ∩ B)‘ f. (A ∪ B)‘ ∩ (B ∪ C)’
c. (A ∪ B)‘ + (B – C)’ g. (A + B)’ – (B ∩ C)’
d. (A – B)‘ ∪ (B + C)’

Pembahasan:
a. A’ = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}, B’ = {1, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10}, dan C’ = {7, 8, 9, 10}
b. (A ∩ B)’ = {2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10}
c. (A ∪ B)’ + (B – C)’ = {4, 6, 8, 10} + {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10}
= {1, 2, 3, 5, 9}

d. (A – B)' ∪ (B + C)' = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10} ∪ {2, 3, 5, 8, 9, 10}

= {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}

e. (A + B)' ∩ (B – C)' = {3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10} ∩ {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10}

= {3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10}

f. (A ∪ B)' ∩ (B ∪ C)' = {4, 6, 8, 10} ∩ {8, 9, 10}

= {8, 10}

g. (A + B)' – (B ∩ C)' = {3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10} – {1, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}

= {3, 5}

Contoh Soal III :

Jika: 𝑆 ≠ 𝜙
𝐴∩𝐵 ≠ 𝜙
𝐴∩𝐶 ≠ 𝜙
𝐵∩𝐶 ≠ 𝜙
𝐴∩𝐵∩𝐶 ≠ 𝜙

Maka:
a. 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 b. 𝐴 ∩ 𝐶
s
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s B
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A A

C C
 c. 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶 d. 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶

s B
s B
A A

C C

e. 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 f. 𝐴 ∪ 𝐶

s B
s B
A A

C C

g. 𝐵 ∪ 𝐶 h. 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 ∪ 𝐶

s B
s B
A A

i. 𝐴 + 𝐵 j. 𝐴 + 𝐶
C C

s B
s B

A A

C C

k. 𝐵 + 𝐶 l. 𝐴 + 𝐵 + 𝐶

s B
s B

A A

C C

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 m. 𝐴 − 𝐵 n. 𝐴 − 𝐶

s B
s B
A A

C C

o. 𝐵 − 𝐴 p. 𝐵 − 𝐶

s B
s B
A A

C C

q. 𝐶 − 𝐴 r. 𝐶 − 𝐵

s B
s B
A A

C C

s. (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶)′ t. (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 ∪ 𝐶)′

s B
s B
A A

C C

u. (𝐴 + 𝐵 + 𝐶)′ v. (𝐴 − 𝐵)′

s B
s B
A A

C C

Contoh IV:
Tentukan daerah dari (𝐶 + (𝐵 ∪ 𝐴)) − (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)!

Lasia Agustina, M.Pd

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 (𝐵 ∪ 𝐴 ) (𝐶 + (𝐵 ∪ 𝐴))

S A B S A B

C C

(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) (𝐶 + (𝐵 ∪ 𝐴)) − (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)

S A B S A B

C C

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