DISUSUN OLEH :
SHOFYANA DAENURIE
LAXA ]KIOAIXAP
]uce syulur hai tkrena laseb lane paicatlai lkbaherat Xubai Uaio Naba
Ksa, larkia atas rabnat hai laruiea-Iya pkiudes hapat nkiykdksaelai
Naladab
Vestkn Eigjrnase yaio `krcuhud —Hanpal Xklijdjoe Eigjrnase paha
]kioouia Asubai Lkpkrawatai„.
]kiudes nkioufaplai tkrena laseb yaio sk`ksar-`ksariya lkpaha sknua
pebal yaio suhab tkrlaet hadan pkiyusuiai tuoas naladab eie larkia
tkdab nkn`krelai lksknpatai lkpaha pkiudes uitul pkiyusuiai naladab
eie.
Hkioai skoada lkrkihabai bate pkiudes nkiyahare skpkiubiya `abwa
hadan
pkiyusuiai naladab eie naseb caub hare lata sknpuria `ael hare skoe
pkianpedai naupui hare skoe luadetas pkiudesai. Jdkb sk`a` etu,
pkiudes nkiobaraplai lretel hai sarai yaio hapat nkn`aioui cela
tkrhapat lksadabai, lkluraioai, hai lata ‖ lata yaio luraio `krlkiai hadan
naladab eie, hai tkitu saca hkioai lk`aelai `krsana hai uitul `krsana.
Alber lata pkiudes nkioufaplai tkrena laseb lkpaha sknua pebal yaio
tkdab nkn`aitu hadan pkiyusuiai naladab eie hai sknjoa naladab eie
hapat `krnaigaat `aoe sknua pebal hai pkn`afa.
Hkipasar, 02 Cuie 0=0=
]kiudes
e
HAGXAP EVE
LAXA
]KIOAIXAP....................................................................................................e
HAGXAP
EVE.................................................................................................................ee
@A@ E
]KIHAB[D[AI.............................................................................................1
A. Dat ar `kda lai
o..................................................................................................1 @. Punu sai
Nas ada b............................................................................................0 F.
Xucuai ]kiudesai..............................................................................................0
@A@ EE
]KN@ABAVAI...............................................................................................6
A.
1.
Hanpal Xklijdjoe Eigjrnase ]aha ]kioouia Asubai Lkpkrawatai........6
Hanpal ]jseteg................................................................................................6
0. ................................................................................................?
Lkuituioai Nkioouialai Xklijdjoe Eigjrnase ]aha Asubai Lkpkrawatai
@A@ EEE
]KI[X[].......................................................................................................2 A.
Venpudai............................................................................................................2
@.
Varai...................................................................................................................2
HAGXAP ][VXALA
ee
A. Datar `kdalaio
@A@ E ]KIHAB[D[AI
Lk`utubai dayaiai lkskbatai tkrnasul lkpkrawatai yaio fkpat, kgeseki
hai kgklteg nkicahe tuitutai nasyaralatsaat eie.Bad tkrsk`ut tkdab
nkn`uat huiea lkpkrawatai he Eihjiksea nkicahe tkrtaitaio uitul tkrus
nkiokn`aiolai luadetas pkdayaiai lkpkrawatai yaio `kr`ases tklijdjoe
eigjrnase (Peie, 0==5). ]krlkn`aioai pkioktabuai nasyaralat, nkn`uat
nasyaralat dk`eb nkiuitut pkdayaiai lkskbatai yaio `krnutu hai hapat
hepkrtaioouiocawa`lai.
]krawat sk`aoae sadab satu tkiaoa yaio nknpuiyae ljitre`use `ksar `aoe
pkdayaiai lkskbatai, nknpuiyae pkraiai pkiteio uitul nkieiolatlai nutu
pkdayaiai lkskbatai. Hadan upaya pkieiolatai nutu, skjraio pkrawat
barus nanpu nkdalsaialai asubai lkpkrawatai sksuae staihar, yaetu
nudae hare pkiolaceai sanpae
hkioai kvaduase `krelut hkioai hjlunkitase.
Luadetas atau nutu pkdayaiai lkpkrawatai he runab salet `kroaituio
lkpaha
lkfkpatai, lknuhabai, hai lktkpatai hadan nkdalulai teihalai
lkpkrawatai. Hadan bad eiepkrawat `kraha hadan pjsese luife uitul
nkieiolatlai luadetas pkdayaiai lkskbatai nkdadue stratkoe hai
eitkrvkise yaio nkihuluio lkskdanatai paseki (Peie, 0==5).
Esu patekit sagkty nkrupalai sadab satu esu utana hadan pkdayaiai
lkskbatai. ]ara pkioan`ed lk`ecalai, pkn`kre pkdayaiai lkskbatai, hai
ljisunki nkiknpatlai lkanaiaisk`aoae prejretas pkrtana pkdayaiai.
]atekit sagkty nkrupalai sksuatu yaio caub dk`eb pkiteio harepaha
sklkhar kgesekise pkdayaiai. @kr`aoae reselj ale`at teihalai nkhel
hapat tkrcahe sk`aoae `aoeai hare pkdayaiai lkpaha paseki.
Ehkitegelase hai pknkfabai nasadab tkrsk`ut nkrupalai `aoeai utana
hare pkdalsaiaai ljiskp patekit sagkty (]eizji, 0==?).
]kioouiaai tklijdjoe eigjrnase hebaraplai hapat nkieiolatlai patekit
sagkty. ]aha tabui 0==8 Aokify gjr Bkadtbfark Pkskarfb aih Quadety
nkioaiooarlai $ 7=
1
@A@ EE ]KN@ABAVAI
A. Hanpal Xklijdjoe Eigjrnase ]aha ]kioouia Asubai Lkpkrawatai
]kdayaiai yaio `krluadetas hai anai, nknaio nkicahe tucuai hare skteap
eistaise pkdayaiai lkskbatai tkrnasul pkdayaiai lkpkrawatai. Vadab
satu upaya yaio hedalulai uitul nkifapae bad tkrsk`ut ahadab hkioai
pknaigaatai tkblbjdjoe eigjrnase. Ahapui hanpal tklijdjoe eigjrnase
paha pkioouia asubai lkpkrawatai aitara daei 3
1. Hanpal ]jseteg
a. Nknpkrfkpat arus eigjrnase
Arus eigjrnase saat eie nkicahe saioat fkpat, `ablai fkihkruio tehal
tkrljitrjd
beiooa saat eie. Ianui hkneleai, bad eie nkrupalai sadab satu hanpal
pjseteg, larkia hapat nkn`krelai eigjrnase nkiokiae suatu lkcaheai
skfara fkpat, nkslepui
tkrlahaio tehal alurat hai tehal tkpat.
`. Nknpkrnuhab alsks tkrbahap eigjrnase tkr`aru
Nkrupalai sadab satu kgkl hjneij hare `krtan`ab fkpatiya arus
eigjrnase. Hkioai ahaiya tklbijdjoe eigjrnase hai ljnuielase yaio
`krlkn`aio saioat pksat, nala seapapui alai `esa nknpkrjdkb eigjrnase
hkioai nuhab. Alsks tkrbahap eigjrnase eie `esa hedalulai lapaipui,
henaiapui hai hare seapapui etu. Bad eie alai nkn`aitu eihevehu hadan
nkieiolatlai eigjrnase hai pkioktabuai yaio henedeleiya, nksle
tkrlahaio rkade`etas hai vadehetas hare eigjrnase tkrsk`ut
hepkrtaiyalai. Nkhea sjsead cuoa nkrupalai hanpal pjseteg daeiiya
hare pkrlkn`aioai tklijdjoe eigjrnase hai ljnuielase. Nkhea sjsead
hapat nkn`krelai `aiyal sklade naigaat, sadab satuiya ahadab hapat
nknpkrtknulai eihevehu hkioai jraio `aru, hai nkian`ab rkdase aitar
eihevehu. Vk`aoae fjitjb, sadab satuiya ahadab gafk`jjl. Vetus yaio
fulup `ksar eie nkicahe satu nkhea sjsead yaio padeio `aiyal jraio
ouialai. Xehal baiya uitul nkian`ab careioai pkrtknaiai he huiea naya,
gafk`jjl cuoa nkicahe saraia prjnjse hadan `esies.
f. Nkn`aitu eihevehu hadan nkifare eigjrnase
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Hadan nkifare eigjrnase yaio `aru hai naseb baioat, nala tklijdjoe
eigjrnase hai cuoa ljnuielase saioat nknkoaio pkraiai yaio pkiteio.
Hkioai ahaiya arus eigjrnase yaio nkicahe caub dk`eb fkpat, nala
eihevehu alai nkicahe dk`eb nuhab hadan nkifare eigjrnase yaio
heeioeilai.Nkhea be`urai pknaigaatai hare tklijdjoe eigjrnase hai cuoa
ljnuielase `krelutiya ahadab hadan bad be`urai. Xklijdjoe eigjrnase
hai cuoa ljnuielase saat eie nkihuluio nkhea be`urai yaio saioat `aiyal
raoaniya `aoe skteap jraio. Fjitjb saca hare nkhea be`urai `krupa oanks,
nusef, hai cuoa ehkj, `aiyal jraio yaio `esa bedaio hai cuoa dkpas hae
strkss larkia be`urai yaio hetawarlai jdkb pkrlkn`aioai tklijdjoe
eigjrnase hai ljnuielase eie. h. Vbareio hai `kr`aoe gedk
Gedk hai cuoa hjlunki saat eie suhab nkrupalai lk`utubai hare skteap
jraio. @ael hare gedk nusel ataupui hjlunki pkiteio, `esa he`aoelai
hkioai nkioouialai
eitkrikt yaio nkrupalai prjhul hare tklijdjoe eigjrnase hai cuoa
ljnuielase. Vkteap uskr hapat sadeio nkn`aoelai gedk hai hjlunki
hkioai nuhab, `ablai leta
saat eie `esa nkiyenpai gedk yaio leta nedele hkioai nuhab hadan
fdjuh stjraok, atau nkhea pkiyenpaiai he hadan eitkrikt. Nkn`aitu
nkiykdksaelai nasadab hkioai nuhab. Xklijdjoe eigjrnase hai cuoa
ljnuielase nknedele hanpal yaio pjseteg hadan bad pkiykdksaeai
nasadab. Hkioai ljnuielase yaio nkicahe dk`eb `ael hai cuoa arus
eigjrnase yaio fkpat, nala tklijdjoe eigjrnase hai cuoa ljnuielase hapat
nkicahe sjduse `aoe nasadab aiha.
Ianui tklbijdjoe eigjrnase tktap nknedele hanpal ikoateg yaio barus
hesahare hai heaitesepase aoar tehal nkicahe nasadab yaio custru
hapat nkn`abayalai paseki hai nkiuruilai luadetas pkdayaiai
lkpkrawatai. Hanpal ikoateg pkioouiaai tklijdjoe yaio nuiolei ten`ud
aitara daei 3
1. ]kradatai yaio nkn`abayalai larkia lktehalnanpuai pkrawat hadan
nkioouialaiiya.
0. ]kdaiooarai prevafy paseki, hai
6. Luraioiya skitubai atau ljital hkioai paseki.
Nkiurut Fjpk, Ikdsji hai ]attkrsji, 0==2, pkrawat sk`aoae ljisunki
eigjrnase hai pkioouia tklijdjoe hadan pkrawatai lkskbatai barus
tkrde`at hadan pknedebai
8
HAGXAP ][VXALA
Auga hai Bkru. Aiadeses Xeiolat Lknataioai Vestkn Eigjrnase ]aha
Punab Valet Aesyeyab Luhus. Curiad Edneab Vestkn Eigjrnase
[ievkrsetas Heai Iuswaitjrj
Banzab. 0=17. Paifaio @aioui Vestkn Eigjrnase Asubai Lkpkrawatai
@aoe ]kihkreta ]ikunjiea. Curiad Vestkn Eigjrnase (CVE), WJD. 2, IJ. 1,
Apred 0=17, EVVI 0=2;-1;22
Ljzekr, kt add. 0=1=. @ulu Acar Guihankitad lkpkrawatai Wjdunk 1.
Calarta3 KOF
Eihare. 0=1;. ]kioarub Apdelase Vestkn Eigjrnase Naiacknki (Ven)
Asubai Lkpkrawatai Aial @kr`ases Xklijdjoe Xkrbahap ]kioktabuai
Xkitaio Vtaihar Jpkrasejiad ]rjskhur (Vjp) Lkpkrawatai He Puaio Aial
Punab Valet Vaegud Aiwar Nadaio. Curiad Edneab ]jdtkllks PV
hr.Vjkprajki
Daeda hai Areg. 0=1;. Paifaioai Vestkn Eigjrnase ]kifatatai Asubai
Lkpkrawatai @kr`ases Kdkltrjiel He Psuh Ljta Vknaraio. Curiad
Edneab Pnel [heius
Pjsahe, iefly hai Abnah Lbjered Aian. 0=17. @abasa Eihjiksea Nasa
Leie Calarta3 ]ustala Naihere
Xbjnas Hai Banzab. 0=17. Paifaio @aioui Vestkn Hjlunkitase Asubai
Lkpkrawatai @aoe Xkiaoa ]krawat Hadan Nkiheaoijsa ]aseki. Curiad
Edneab Xklijdjoe Eigjrnase Xkrapai Wjdunk EE, Ij 6, 1; Aoustus 0=17,
EVVI3 08=? ‖ 6511
5