]NCNQBEWHO GHNQHO KOTA TASIKMALAYA PROVINSI JAWA BARAT

GBEH\ ]NEGBGBIHE ]NC^GH GHE @JHO QHFH

\CI GLOBAL PASANGGRAHAN

WHO^E 2023

JH]@QHE
]QHIWBI INQKH JH]HEFHE (]IJ)
\B\WNC \^\]NE\B GN]HE
GB
DITA MOTOR

Gbsusue@jno;

 EHCH ; JUAN FELIX ALEX SANDRO.T

 EB\ ;-

Ghjhc rhefih cnjnefihpb syhrht pnebjhbhe ]rhitbi Inrkh Jhphefhe

Abghef Inhojbhe Wnie`j`fb ghe Qnihyhsh
]r`frhc Inhojbhe Wniebi @t`c`tbd
I`cpntnesb Inhojbhe Wniebi ghe Absebs \npngh C`t`r

8
 

]NEFN\HOHE

Jhp`rhe beb tnjho gbpnrbish ghe gbsntukub phgh;

ohrb ;kamis

theffhj ; 06 April 2023

Cnefnthoub,

]ncabcabef Dita Motor Pembimbing SMK Global &

Selaku Ketua Kompetensi
Keahlian

Deni Hardani

Deni Yunani
 EB]. …………………….

Cnefnthoub,

Inphjh \MK GLOBAL

Susan Susanti,S,Pd.

1
 

IHWH ]NEFHEWHQ

]ukb syuiur inohgbrht Wuohe Rhef Choh Nsh ihrneh rhocht

rhocht ghe obghyho-Eyh
ihcb ghpht cneynjnshbihe ]rhitbi Inrkh Jhphefhe gnnfhe ahbi, tnrobtuef ghrb theffhj 9
Januari Sampai dengan Tanggal 6 April 2023

Jhp`rhe beb ihcb susue anrghshr ihe tufhs yhef ihcb tnrbch snjhch ]rhitbi Inrkh
Jhphefhe gb Gita Cotor. Gnefhe beb ihcb cnefulhpian terima kasih kepada:

8.  Kepada @rheftuh Yang Telah Mendidik

1.  Bu Susan snjhiu inphjh \CI Global Pasanggrahan
<.  Pa Deni snjhiu Intuh I`cpntnesb Inholian teknik dan bisnis sepeda motor

7. Pa Deni \njhiu pncabcabef dari SMK Global

Pasanggrahan
5. Abah Nana Selaku Pembimbing di Dita Motor

\nrth snjuruo furu ghe ihryhwhe \CI Global

tnjho cncanrbihe c`tbvhsb inphgh ihcb uetui jnabo c hku ghe cncabcabef ihcb

ghe sthd Gita Cotor yhef gnefhe shahr ghe abkhisheh.

Gncbibhe jhp`rhe beb ihcb susue. Irbtbi ghe \hrhe yhef cncahefue hihe ihcb
tnrbch gnefhe snehef ohtb

Tasikmalaya, 8 april 1=13

Juan Felix Alex Sandro T.

<
 

GHDWHQ B\B

Ohjhche Kuguj ....................

...........................................
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.................... 8
Ohjhche ]nefnshohe ......................
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......... 1
Ihth ]nefhethr ....................
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.................... <
Ghdthr Bsb ......................
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..... 7
AHA B ]NEGHO^J^HE
H.  Jhthr Anjhihef ....................
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......... >
A.  Wukuhe ]rhitbi Inrkh Jhphefhe ....................
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.... 4
L.  Chedhht ]rhitbi Inrkh Jhphefhe .....................
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AHA BB ]Q@DBJ ANEFINJ
H.  Gnsirbpsb Anefinj .......................................................................................... 6

B .   Tbsb ghe Cbsb Anefinj ................................................................................... ?

AHA BBB IHBHE WN@QB

H.  \bstnc \uspnesb \npngh C`t`r .....................
...........................................
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.... 2
A.  I`cp`ene \bstnc \uspnesb Gnphe .....................
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.................... 81
L.  Duefsb \bstnc \uspnesb ............
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....................... 87
AHA BT ^QHBHE INFBHWHE
H.  Hehjbsbs \bstnc \uspnesb .....................
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........... 8>
A.  Lhrh Cneffhetb \bj \uspnesb Gnphe ......................
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................ 84
L.  Inrushihe \bstnc \uspnesb .....................
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........ 8?
AHA T ]NE^W^]
H.  Insbcpujhe .....................
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............ 82
A.  \hrhe Ghe Chedhht ....................
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........................ 82
L.  Chedhht ]rhinrbe ....................
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..... 1=
G.  Jhcpbrhe
8.  Ghdthr Fhcahr/Whanj......................
Fhcahr/Whanj............................................
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........... 18
1.  Kurehj infbhthe ohrbhe..........................
ohrbhe................................................
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......... 18

7
 

AHA B
]NEGHO^J^HE

H.  Jhthr Anjhihef ]rhitbi Begustrb

]nrincahefhe tnie`j`fb yhef snchibe lheffbo ioususeyh gbabghef Wniebi
ghe Absebs \npngh C`t`r, gbohrhpihe hgheyh sucanr ghyh cheusbh yhef chcpu
cnekhjheihe ghe cnelbpthihe ohj  “ 
“ ohj
ohj yhef anrchedhht ahfb cheusbh gbabghef
Wniebi ghe Absebs \npngh C`t`r. Gb jbefiuefhe sni`jho sbswh anjuc cnefnthoub
 pnrincahefhe tnie`j`fb snlhrh gnthbj ghe anjuc cncpueyhb pnefhjhche gbguebh
inrkh. @jno ihrneh btu sbswh cncautuoihe tn`rb ghe prhitbi ghjhc abghef Wniebi
ghe Absebs \npngh C`t`r. ^etui cnebefihtihe pnefnthouhe ghe intrhcpbjhe sbswh
 pr`frhc pnegbgbihe Wniebi ghe Absebs \npngh C`t`r, chih sbswh gbwhkbaihe
cnencpuo ]rhitni Inrkh Jhphefhe. Ohj beb gbchisugihe hfhr sbswh ghpht
cnenrhpihe anihj yhef gbpnr`jno gbahefiu sni`jho inghjhc guebh inrkh ghe
cnelhrb pnefhjhche gbguebh inrkh, snobeffh sbswh jnabo cnefnthoub pnrchshjhohe
yhef anrouauefhe gnefhe `t`c`tbd ioususeyh abghef Wniebi ghe Absebs \npngh
C`t`r

Ohj bebjho yhef cneghshrb sbswh uetui cnjhishehihe ]rhitbi Inrkh

Jhphefhe. Gnefhe cnjhishehihe ]rhitbi Inrkh Jhphefhe anrhrtb cneynjhrhsihe
 pnefnthouhe ghe intrhcpbjhe yhef gbcbjbib sbswh snsuhb pnrincahefhe bjcu
 pnefnthouhe ghe Wnie`j`fb. Wncpht ]rhitbi Inrkh Jhphefhe gbsnsuhbihe gnefhe
 kurushe yhef gbtncpuo `jno sbswh anrghshrihe pnrtbcahefhe tnrsnaut, gbcheh

 pr`frhc inhojbhe yhef gbtncpuo `jno pneujbs hghjho tniebi ghe absebs snpngh c`t`r,
chih pneujbs cncbjbo Dita C@W@Q snahfhb pnjhishehhe ]rhitbi Inrkh
Jhphefhe.

>
 

A.  Wukuhe ]rhitbi Inrkh Jhphefhe

8.  Wukuhe ucuc 
h.  ^etui cncpnr`jno bjcu pnefnthouhe, intrhcpbjhe, cneffhjb bed`rchsb ghe
tnie`j`f bghjhc uphyh cncahefue iuhjbths sucanr ghyh
gh yh cheusbh. 
 a.  Cnebefihtihe iuhjbths jujushe ]r`frhc Inhojbhe Wniebi ghe Absebs \npngh
C`t`r yhef tnrhcpbj ghe oheghj snrth gbehcbs.  
1.  Wukuhe Iousus 
h.  \bswh ghpht cnefnthoub ghe cnrhshihe sbtuhsb guebh inrkh  
 a.  \bswh ghpht cnebefihtihe pnefnthouhe tnethef sbstncWniebi ghe Absebs
\npngh C`t`r  
l.  \bswh ghpht cnefhehjbsbs inrushihe sbstnc Wniebi ghe Absebs \npngh C`t`r  
g.  \bswh ghpht cncpnrahbib inrushihe  “   inrushihe yhef tnrkhgb phgh sbstnc
Wniebighe Absebs \npngh C`t`r  
n.  \bswh ghpht cnjhiuihe pncnjbohrhhe phgh sbstnc Wniebi ghe Absebs \npngh
C`t`r  
d.  ^etui cneghphtihe pnefhjhche gbguebh inrkh
f.  ^etui cncneuob syhrht ]nebjhbhe ]rhitbi Inrkh Jhphefhe
L.  Chedhht ]rhitbi Inrkh Jhphefhe
8.  Ahfb \bswh
h.  Cnehcaho bjcu pnefnthouhe ghe tnrkue jhefsuef injhphefhe pninrkhhe.
 a.  Cnefnthoub systnc inrkh ghe pnrhturhe gbpnrushohhe.
o.  Cnehcaho pnefnthouhe snrth intnrhcpbjhe ghjhc cncpnrahbib ghe cnrhwht
systnc Wniebi ghe Absebs \npngh C`t`r  
l.  Cnefnthoub snjui anjui cnenkncne pnrushohhe

1.  Ahfb pnrushohhe

h.  Hgheyh ouauefhe yhef snrhsb hethrh guebh `t`c`tbd gnefhe guebh pnegbgbihe
snobeffh hgh ouauefhe tbcahj ahjbi hethrh inguheyh.
 a.  \nlhrh tbghi jhefsuef pnrushohhe cneghphtihe pr`c`sb uetui cnelhrb
 pnfhwhb ghe ihryhwhe yhef jnabo ahbi.

4
 

AHA BB
]Q@DBJ ANEFINJ

H.  Gnsirbpsb Anefinj

Anefinj Dita C`t`r cnruphihe anefinj yhef sugho snpngh c`t`r yhef
 anrj`ihsb gb khjhe Tasik-Gunungsari, Gnsh \rrbcujyh , Inlhchthe Sukaratu Ihauphtne
Tasimalaya, Jawa Barat. Anefinj beb berdiri tanggal 14 Agustus 2007.Bengkel
tersebut dulunya tidak memiliki pegawai dan juga hanya menservice motor saja
tidak menjual spertpart motor.Bengkel ini tidak pernah sepi,dari pagi sampai
sore selalu rame pengunjung.karna terlalu ramainya orang yang menservice
motor,pak Deni selaku pemilik bengkel tersebut menambahkan 1 orang pegawai
. Kemudian pada tahun 2010 tidak hanya menservice motor tapi juga menjual
perlengkapan motor(spertpart).kemudian pemilik bengkel tersebut berpikiran
untuk menambah pekerja,karna bengkelnya yang tidak pernah sepi dari
pengunjung.Setelah menduduki tahun 2015 pemilik bengkel tersebut
menambahkan 2 orang mekanik.Begitu pun dari tahun ke tahun pemilik
tersebut selalu menambah pegawai.Pada tahun 2018 bengkel DITA MOTOR
telah menerima peserta didik PKL (Praktek Kerja Lapangan).Sampai sekarang
bengkel DITA MOTOR selalu menerima peserta didik PKL.Para mekanik yang ada
di bengkel tersebut membingbing para peserta didik PKL supaya mereka bisa
menservice dan juga memelihara motor.

6
 

B. VISI DAN MISI BENGKEL

8.  Tbsb Dita C`t`r

Cnekhgb anefinj yhef snjhju cnekhgb pbjbohe sncuh `rhef
rhef snrth chcpu
cnehefheb sntbhp chshjho snpngh c`t`r i`esucne.
Meningkatkan para siswa prakerin untuk menjadi profesional di bidang kerjanya
1.  Cbsb Dita C`t`r

h.  Cncanrbihe s`jusb ahfb i`esucne gnefhe pnjhyhehe tnrahbi ghe biut
 anri`etrbausb ahfb chsyhrhiht.
Menjadikan para siswa prakerin disiplin,tanggung jawab,dan prefisional

3. Struktur Bengkel DITA MOTOR

Pemimpin:Deni Hardani

Bendahara:Neneng.S

Sekertaris:Vivin Vinarika

Karyawan:Rudi Husaeni
Dika

Mekanik:Nana
Edi Sabandi
Aziz
Fikri
Nunuy

4. Bidang Usaha

Jual beli spertpart dan service kendaraan bermotor

?
 

AHA BBB

IHKBHE WN@QB

H.  \B\WNC \^\]NE\B \N]NGH C@W@Q

h.  ]NEFNQWBHE \B\WNC \^\]NE\B
\uspnesb hghjho snauho i`cp`ene snpngh c`t`r yhef anrtufhs cne`phef
 anahe ineghrhhe hfhr fnthrhe hthu inkuthe yhef tnrkhgb ghpht gbrnghc gnefhe
jncaut, snobeffh pnefneghrh ineghrhhe tnthp ghjhc p`sbsb eyhche. F`elhefhe
hthu pue fnthrhe btu gbsnahaihe `jno i`egbsb khjhe yhef gbjnwhtb tbghi rhth
 pnrcuihheeyh. Intbih suspnesb snpngh c`t`r chcpu cnrnghc sncuh fnthrhe
ghe inkuthe gnefhe jncaut ghe ahbi chih ineyhchehe ghe pnefneghjbhe snpngh
c`t`r pue cnekhgb jnabo d`ius.

\njhbe btu snauho suspnesb pue cncbjbib tufhs ahfhbcheh cnekhfh

insnbcahefhe ineghrhhe intbih pnefncugb cnjhiuihe cheuvnr snlhrh nistrnc
hthu kustru cnchlu ineghrhhe gnefhe inlnphthe tbeffb phgh shht cnefohghpb
tbiuefhe hthu anj`ihe thkhc. Hphabjh suspnesb snpngh c`t`r tbghi absh
cnefohghpb ghe cnefhtur anahe ghjhc inhghhe pnefncugb cnjhiuihe cheuvnr
hthu cnefohghpb anj`ihe ghjhc inlnphthe tbeffb, tnetu shkh snpngh c`t`r absh
tnrpnjhetbef. Ohj bebjho yhef cnekhgb pnrohtbhe phrh cnihebs ghrb tbc pncahjhp
snpngh c`t`r. ]hghohj shjho shtu trbi cncnehefihe ahjhphe hghjho ahfhbcheh
cnelurb inlnphthe cnjnabob inlnphthe jhwhe phgh shht pncahjhp cnefohghpb

 anj`ihe.

a.  WB]N WB]N \B\WNC \^\]NE\B

\ystnc suspnesb tnrjnthi gb hethrh inrhefih snpngh c`t`r gnefhe r`gh.
Qhelhefhe systnc suspnesb hgh guh tbpn, yhbtu tbpn suspnesb gnpnegne hthu
suspnesb p`r`s ihiu gnefhe systnc suspnesb begnpnegne hthu systnc suspnesb
 anahs.

\bstnc suspnesb gnpnegne cncpueyhb lhrh inrkh yhef anrshch “ shch

shch hethrh r`gh
ihehe ghe r`gh ibrb yhef gbouauefihe `jno snauho pnfhs, pnrnghc inkut ghe
jnefhe i`etr`j. Khgb, kbih r`gh ihehe anrfnthr ghe ehbi turue chih r`gh ibrbeyh

2
 

 kufh biut anrfnthr. Cnchef sbstnc suspnesb beb tbghi gbtnrhpihe phgh snpngh
c`t`r. \uspnesb tbpn beb aheyhi gbfuehihe uetui truli hthu
hth u ineghrhhe anrht, yhef
incugbhe aheyhi gbhpjbihsbihe phgh r`gh anjhihef.

Fhcahr =.8 \uspnesb Anjhihef

\ncnethrh btu, sbstnc suspnesb begnpnegne cncpueyhb lhrh inrkh yhef anrangh.
Ghjhc sbstnc suspnesb begnpnegne chsbef-chsbef r`gh tbghi tnrouauef snlhrh
jhefsuef. Chsbef-chsbef r`gh tnrouauef in rhefih `jno suspnesb`e hrc, pnfhr,
ghe pnrnghc inkut. Intbih hgh fnthrhe ghe hthu f`elhefhe phgh shjho shtu r`gh
chih r`gh yhef jhbe tbghi biut tnrpnefhruo. Ehcue gncbibhe anahe ineghrhhe
tnthp tnrahfb snlhrh cnrht snobeffh cncauht ineghrhhe tbghi cnekhgb jbcauef
hthu anrht snanjho. \bstnc suspnesb snahfhb shtu rhefihbhe ahbi sbstnc gnpnegne
chupue begnpnegne, cncnfhef pnrhehe pnetbef tbghi oheyh ghjhc urushe
inhchehe thpb ahfhbcheh cnekhfh hfhr pnefncugb tnthp eyhche.

Ohj yhef shch kufh tnrkhgb phgh sbstnc suspnesb snpngh c`t`r. Oheyh shkh
snlhrh tniebs sbstnc suspnesb phgh snpngh c`t`r anrangh gnefhe suspnesb c`abj,
tnruthch ghjhc cnefhpjbihsbihe rhefihbhe cnihebieyh. \npnrtb gbinthoub
 pne`phef snpngh c`t`r ghrb rhefih in r`gh gnefhe cneffuehihe fhrpu. Eho
 phgh fhrpu bebjho
bebjh o sbstnc suspnesb snpngh c`t`r anrshtu. Injbohtheeyh cnchef
jnabo sngnroheh gbahegbef gnefhe sbstnc suspnesb ineghrhhe r`gh ncpht.

Ghjhc hpjbihsbeyh, sbstnc suspnesb ineghrhhe r`gh ncpht anrangh-angh

gbsnsuhbihe gnefhe pnruetuiihe ghe knebs c`abjeyh. \bstnc suspnesb phgh
ineghrhhe r`gh ncpht knebs snghe tnetu shkh sngbibt anrangh gnefhe sbstnc

8=
 

suspnesb phgh ineghrhhe r`gh ncpht knebs ebhfh chupue C]T ghe \^T.
\nihjbpue duefsbeyh tnthp shch snpnrtb yhef tnjho gbsnautihe gb hths

l.  Knebs-knebs \uspnesb

8. ]hrhrnj D`ri

Fhcahr =.1 \uspnesb ]hrhrnj D`ri

Beb cnruphihe knesb suspnesb yhef gbfuahihe phgh c`t`r-c`t`r khche ghouju
tnphteyh phgh chsh pnrhef guebh pnrthch. \bstnc suspnesb beb sugho
gbtnrhpihe phgh enfhrh-enfhrh nr`ph.

L`et`oeyh absh hegh jboht phgh suspnesb Tnsph ljhsbl. Gbcheh phgh shtu sbsb
suspnesb gnphe hgh guh auho theihb.

Wheihb pnrthch yhef abhsheyh jnthieyh gbahfbhe anjhihef cncbjbib sbdht

s`jbg. Beb ihrneh duefsbeuh snahfhb pneyheffh ghrb snjuruo rhefihbhe r`gh
gnphe.

\ncnethrh phgh theihb gbgnpheeyh, tnrouauef gnefhe p`r`s r`gh gnefhe

gbjnefihpb snauho pnfhs yhef cnefnjbjbefb thefihb tnrsnaut. ]nfhs bebjho yhef
 anrtufhs cneynrhp sncuh fnthrhe khjhe.

88
 

Wbpn beb tbghi jhfb gbphihb ihrneh i`estruisbeyh rucbt ghe fhyh suspnesbeyh
tbghi snkhkhr gnefhe tuefihb pnehohe r`gh. \nobeffh cncuefibeihe
tnrkhgbeyh `ut `d why.

1. Wnjnsl`pbl D`ri

Fhcahr =.< \uspnesb Wnjnsl`pbl D`ri  

^etui knebs suspnesb gnphe inguh, cnruphihe knebs yhef phjbef ucuc
gbfuehihe phgh sncuh knebs c`t`r. Ahbi c`t`r anani, chtbl chupue sp`rt.

Lbrb uthch suspnesb tnjnsi`pbi hghjho sbstnc pnrnghche tnrkhgb gbghjhc

tuefihb pnehohe r`gh. \nobeffh ghjhc shtu sbsb r`gh, oheyh hgh snauho

tuefihb yhef tnrgbrb ghrb guh thauef.

Whauef gbahwho yhef gbsnaut sjbgnr anrtufhs snahfhb thauef suspnesb yhef
gbbsb `jno pnr ghe djubgh so`li has`ranr hthu ehch jhbeyh beb snahfhb so`li
 arnhinr. \ncnethrh thauef gbhthseyh yhef anrwhreh cnefibjhp anrehch d`ri
tuan yhef tnrouauef gnefhe incugb c`t`r.

I`cp`ene suspnesb tnjnsi`pbi c`t`r

h.  D`ri tuan

 a.  \prbef

81
 

l.  Ghcpnr vhjvn

g.  Ghcpnr r`g
n.  D`ri `bj
d.  D`ri snhj
f.  \jbgnr

Lhrh inrkh suspnesb tnjnsi`pbi, gbcujhb intbih i`egbsb e`rchj. \prbef yhef
tnrjnthi gbghjhc d`ri tuan cneg`r`ef ahfbhe hths d`ri tuan ghe gucpnr r`g.
\nobeffh phekhef suspnesb jnabo anshr.

\hht hgh tnihehe, chih d`ri tuan hihe cneghphtihe fhyh inahwho ehcue
fhyh tnrsnaut gbthohe `jno sprbef gbghjhc d`ri tuan yhef shjho shtu ukuefeyh
cneynetuo gucpnr r`g (gucpnr r`g tnrouauef gnefhe p`r`s r`gh).

 Ehcue ihrneh sprbef beb njhstbs chih tnrkhgbjho ndni suspnesb. ^etui

cnelnfho r`jjbef hthu ndni suspnesb anrjnabo, gbghjhc sjbgnr tnrghpht

t nrghpht `jb hthu
djubgh yhef anrduefsb snahfhb so`li has`ranr.

<. Wnjnsl`pbl ^p \bgn G`we

Fhcahr =.7 \uspnesb ^\G

\uspnesb ^\G chsbo ghjhc tbpn tnjnsl`pbl suspnesb`e, ehcue pnranghheeyh

suspnesb ^\G beb tnrjnthi tnrahjbi. Hrtbeyh sjbgnr yhef hwhjeyh hgh gbahwho

8<
 

cnekhgb gbhths ghe d`ri tuan yhef cncbjbib gbhcntnr jnabo

j nabo inlbj hgh gbahwho
tnpht phgh sucau r`gh.

Injnabohe suspnesb beb, hghjho ohegjbef yhef jnabo ahbi ehcue ohrfh yhef
 pnrju gbinjuhrihe btu jnabo chohj ghrb phgh sbstnc suspnesb tnjnsl`p`l abhsh.

Hegh absh cnencuihe suspnesb knebs beb phgh c`t`r-c`t`r sp`rt snpnrtb Enw
Q8> TTH.

Anrangh gnefhe sbstnc suspnesb snpngh c`t`r ahfbhe gnphe, tufhs suspnesb
 ahfbhe anjhihef oheyh uetui cnehohe f`elhefhe hibaht pnrcuihe khjhe yhef
tbghi rhth. Khgb tbghi cncpueyhb tufhs uetui cnefncugb. Hgh guh tbpn sbstnc
suspnesb anjhihef, yhbtu tbpn swbef hrc ghe tbpn uebt swbef. Ghrb inguheyh tbghi
tnrjhju aheyhi pnranghhe ghjhc cnekhjheihe duefsbeyh snahfhb pne`phef ghe
 pnehohe f`elhefhe. I`estruisb suspnesb swbef hrc tnrgbrb ghrb guh auho jnefhe

yhef gbfhetuef phgh rhefih. \ncnethrh ukuef jhbe ghrb suspnesb tnrsnaut
cne`phef r`gh anjhihef. Incugbhe i`estruisb uebt swbef hghjho cnsbe btu
snegbrb yhef anrnhisb snpnrtb jnefhe hyue phgh ineghrhhe r`gh ncpht tnruthch
 knebs ineghrhhe injhs cnenefho. C`gnj suspnesb uebt swbef gbtnrhpihe phgh
snpngh c`t`r yhef cncpueyhb pneffnrhi hiobreyh sbstnc p`r`s pneffnrhi.
p neffnrhi.

A.  I@C]@ENE \B\WNC \^\]NE\B GN]HE

Fhcahr =.> i`cp`ene suspnesn tnjnsl`pbl

h.  \jbgnr Fhrpu

I`cp`ene so`li gnphe c`t`r yhef pnrthch hghjho sjbgnr fhrpu. \jbgnr fhrpu
cnruphihe rucho hthu snrbef gbsnaut gnefhe lhsbef
lhsbe f ghrb sncuh i`cp`ene so`li

87
 

gnphe c`t`r. Hghpue duefsb uthcheyh hghjho snahfhb whgho ghrb cbeyhi so`li
btu snegbrb. ^etui btu phstbihe ahfbhe beb ghjhc inhghhe ahbi, hfhr so`li tbghi
tnrkhgb chshjho snpnrtb ohjeyh tnrhsh inrhs.

a.  \bj @jb

I`cp`ene so`li gnphe c`t`r yhef inguh hghjho sbj

sb j `jb. Hghpue i`cp`ene yhef
shtu beb hghjho i`cp`ene yhef cncpueyhb duefsb uthch yhieb uetui cnekhfh
i`egbsb cbeyhi so`li hfhr tbghi injuhr ghrb ahfbhe sjbgnr fhrpu. Kbih cbeyhi
so`li tnrsnaut shcphb a`l`r, tnetu shkh absh cncahohyhihe hegh snegbrb ihrneh
 absh shkh ahe c`t`r tnrfnjbelbr.

l.  Lbelbe \t`ppnr

I`cp`ene so`li gnphe c`t`r yhef intbfh hghjho lbelbe st`ppnr. Hghpue duefsb
uthch ghrb i`cp`ene yhef shtu beb hghjho uetui cnehohe hfhr sb `jb tbghi
 anrfnrhi injuhr, yhef gbhibahtihe `jno hgheyh tnihehe ghrb cbeyhi so`li
tnrsnaut. Cnefbefht anthph pnetbefeyh i`cp`ene beb snpnrtb ohjeyh i`cp`ene
ohjeyh  i`cp`ene
iehjp`t c`t`r hthu pue 
pue  i`cp`ene ausb c`t`r, 
c`t`r,  uetui btu shyh shrheihe hfhr
cncpnrohtbiheeyh gnefhe ahbi yh s`aht.

g.  \bj Gnau

I`cp`ene yhef in ncpht hghjho sbj gnau. I`cp`ene yhef shtu beb hghjho
i`cp`ene yhef anrfueh uetui cnekhfh hfhr gnau tbghi chsui inghjhc sjbgnr
fhrpu. \naha hphabjh gnau chsui, hihe cnefhibahtihe thauef fhrpu cnekhgb
jnlnt hthu rushi. Ghe hibaht yhef jnabo dhtjeyh
dhtjeyh jhfb ebo s`aht, gnau tnrsnatu absh
cncauht hthu cncpnrlnpht thauef fhru tnrsnaut cnefhjhc inhushe.

n.  Whauef Fhrpu

I`cp`ene so`li gnphe c`t`r yhef in jbch hghjho thauef fhrpu. Whauef fhrpu
beb snegbrb cncpueyhb pnrhe uetui cncauht sniht hthu pue ruhef hethrh sjbgnr
fhrpu ghe kufh ruhef gb ahfbhe ghjhc thauef fhrpu tnrsnaut.

d.  W`rhi Fhrpu

8>
 

I`cp`ene so`li gnphe c`t`r yhef in nehc hghjho t`rhi

t `rhi fhrpu. Hghpue duefsb
uthch ghrb t`rhi fhrpu beb hghjho snahfhb pbst`e yhef cncahfb ruhef hethrh gb
 ahfbhe ahwho t`rhi fhrpu ghe kufh gb ahfbhe hths t`rhi fhrpu. Kbih phgh shht
 anrineghrh hegh cnrhshihe intbghieyhchehe phgh so`li gnphe, phohcbjho lhrh
phohcbjho lhrh
cncpnrahbib so`li gnphe c`t`r hfhr hegh absh cnefnlnieyh snegbrb.

f.  ]nfhs Qnhisb

I`cp`ene so`li gnphe c`t`r yhef in tukuo hghjho ahfbhe pnfhs rnhisb yhef
cncpueyhb duefsb uthch uetui cnenrbch hthu pue cnrnghc inkuthe ghe kufh
fnrhihe yhef anrhshj ghrb r`gh. Inkuthe yhef anrhshj ghrb r`gh hihe tnrus tnrkhgb
 kbih khjhehe yhef jhjub anrfnj`cahef hthu ahoihe
ahoihe rushi phrho.

L.  D^EF\B \BWNC \^\]NE\B

Duefsb pnfhs phgh sbstnc suspnesb hghjho uetui cneynrhp inkuthe ghrb pnrcuihh

 khjhe ghe fnthrhe r`gh-r`gh hfhr

h fhr tbghi gbtnrusih in a`gy ineghrhhe. \nghefihe
duefsb so`li has`ranr hghjho cnrnghc `sibjhsb ehbi turue yhef gbhibahtihe `jno
 pnfhs. Kbih suspnesb theph so`li has`ranr ghe oheyh cneffuehihe pnfhs shkh
chih ineghrhhe hihe cnetuj cnetuj ghe tbghi eyhche uetui gb ineghrhb.

\bstnc \uspnesb cncbjbib ananrhph duefsb yhbtu ;

h. Cneynrhp fnthrhe, inkuthe, `sibjhsb ghrb pnrcuihhe khjhe snobeffh hihe
cnehcaho ineyhche ghe sthabjbths ghjhc anrineghrh.
 a. Cnefouauefihe
Cnefouauefihe a`gy ineghrhhe gnefhe r`gh-r`gh.

l. Cnebefihtihe inchcpuhe lhefinrhc r`gh tnrohghp khjhe.

g. Cne`phef a`gy phgh hxjn ghe cncnjbohrh jnthi fn`cntrbs hethrh a`gy ghe
r`gh-r`gh.
n. Cncbeghoihe fhyh pnefnrnche ghe fhyh in a`gy cnjhjub fnsnihe hethrh khjhe
gnefhe r`gh-r`gh.

84
 

AHA BT

^QHBHE INFBHWHE

H.  HEHJB\B\ \B\WNC \^\]NE\B

h.  Inrushihe \uspnesb \npngh C`t`r
Inrushihe s`i arninr ucuceyh gbsnahaihe `jno pncnrbishhe ghe
 pnrhwhthe yhef iurhef rutbe. Ohj beb absh gbjboht phgh thauef s`i arninreyh.
Kbih thauef s`i arninr snjhju ahsho `jno rncanshe `jb chih ohj btu anrhrtb ss`i
`i
 arninr tnjho a`l`r. \bj \`i arninr ohrus
ohrus gbfhetb kbih sugho
sugho tbghi ahbi inrkheyh.
inrkheyh.
Hibaht \bj s`i gnphe rushi ghe sbj s`i anjhihef rushi/ a`l`r

 a.  ]ncnrbishhe ghe ]nrhwhthe anrihjh suspnesn 

Kbih snjhch snpngh c`t`r gbineghrhb ghe ihghef snpngh c`t`r `jnef
inshjho shtu sbsb theph snaha yhef knjhs ghe inhushe ahe tbghi rhth chih hgh

incuefibehe shjho shtu ghrb s`i arninreyh rushi. ]nrbishjho inhghhe s`i
 arninreyh. Kbih tnrghpht rncanshe `jb phgh thauefeyh chih ohj btu anrhrtb
 ahowh s`i arninr a`l`r snobeffh tniheheeyh
tniheheeyh tbghi shch. \bj s`i arninr ohrus
ohrus
gbfhetb Kbih snjhch
s njhch snpngh c`t`r gbineghrhb pncnfhsheeyh tnrhsh tbghi
eyhche tnthpb tnihehe ahe e`rchj, tbghi tnrjhju inrhs, cuefibe gbsnahaihe
`jno s`i arninreyh yhef tbghi aninrkh. ]nrbish sncuh s`i arninreyh. Kbih
shjho shtu s`i arninr rushi, fhetb inguheyh. ^etui pncnrbishhe s`i arninr,
tnihejho snpngh c`t`r tnrsnaut in ahwho ghe incugbhe jnphsihe tnihehe
tnrsnaut snlhrh cneghghi. Kbih snpngh c`t`r cnjnetbef gnefhe lnpht ahfbhe

 ahgheeyh ghe anrhyue-hyue chih incuefibehe anshr s`i arninreyh sugho

tbghi aninrkh. \`i arninr snpngh c`t`r tnrsnaut ohrus gbfhetb.

l.  ]ncnrbishhe ghe ]nrhwhthe suspnesb gnphe 

Ina`l`rhe ]nrnghc inkut ]r`sngur ]ncnrbishhe Hchtb snlhrh vbsuhj phgh

 ahfbhe yhef gbanrb hehi pheho, hphiho tnrghpht ina`l`rhe `jb hthu tbghi. Kbih
tnrkhgb ina`l`rhe, chih pnrnghc inkut cnstb gbpnrahbib. 
gbpnrahbib.  

b.  Cncnrbish injurushe fn`cntrb r`gh 

]r`sngur ]ncnrbishhe Jurusihe sthef stbr, pnrbish injurushe hethrh r`gh

gnphe ghe anjhihef Hphabjh r`gh gnphe ghe anjhihef tbghi snfhrbs,

86
 

 pnrbish p`sbsb lohbe hgkustnr

hgkustn r ghrb intnphthe p`sbsbeyh hethrh sbsb
s bsb ibrb ghe
ihehe. Hphabjh r`gh gnphe ghe anjhihef tnrjboht cbrbef in shtu hrho,
jhiuih pncnrbishhe phgh ahfbhe-ahfbhe swbef hrc hthupue suspnesb
gnphe ghrb inanefi`ihe/rhefih yhef tnrpuetbr.

bb.  ^iur phekhef pnfhs ghjhc inhghhe pnfhs tnrjnphs. 

Cncnrbish inhghhe pnfhs suspnesbeyh ]r`sngur ]ncnrbishhe ^iur

 phekhef pnfhs ghjhc inhghhe pnfhs tnrjnphs. Kbih phekhef pnfhs cnjnabob
intnetuhe, pnfhs ohrus gbfhetb.

bbb.  Cncnrbish suspnesb gnphe (tnjnsi`pbi) gbfhetb. 

]r`sngur ]ncnrbishhe Cncnrbish inrkh sbstnc suspnesb gnphe gnefhe

cnenihe ahfbhe gnphe snpngh c`t`r ananrhph ihjb (gnefhe rnc gbthohe).

Fnrhihe inpnfhshe ohrus anrjhefsuef gnefhe jncaut ghe jhelhr, sntnjho

gbtnihe pnfhs ohrus incahjb in p`sbsb sncujh gnefhe sngbibt thohehe.

bv.  Cnjhiuihe pnca`efihrhe i`cp`ene suspnesb gnphe. 

]r`sngur ]ncnrbishhe Cncnrbish inrkh sbstnc suspnesb gnphe gnefhe

cnenihe ahfbhe gnphe snpngh c`t`r ananrhph ihjb (gnefhe rnc gbthohe).
Fnrhihe inpnfhshe ohrus anrjhefsuef gnefhe jncaut ghe jhelhr, sntnjho
gbtnihe pnfhs ohrus incahjb in p`sbsb sncujh gnefhe sngbibt thohehe.

A.  LHQH CNEFFHEWB \BJ \^\]NE\B GN]HE  

h.  Hjht ghe Ahohe ; 
b.  Iuelb ]hs Qbef 81, 87, 86
bb.  Iuelb J Abhsh
bbb.  Iuelb \o`i/W 8=
bv.  @anef (-) ghe (+)
v.  Vhgho uetui tncpht `jb suspnesb anihs
a.  Jhefiho Inrkh
b.  Jhefiho ]nca`efihrhe
]nca`efihrhe
  Cnca`efihr sjna`r gnphe, ghe r`gh gnphe snpngh c`t`r  
  Cnjnphs lhjbpnr rnc, yhef cnencpnj gb suspnesb, cneffuehihe
iuelb phs rbef uiurhe 81
 
Cnel`p`t suspnesb, gnefhe cnjnphs ahut 87

8?
 

  \ntnjho cnjnphs suspnesb, ahwh inguh suspnesb gnphe gb tncpht



yhef jnabo juhs

  Cnjnphsihe i`cp`ene gb ghjhc thauef suspnesb gnefhe lhrh


cnenihe sprbef snht cneffuehihe `anef + , jhju cnjnphs st`ppnr

rbef cneffuehihe `anef “  inlbj,
 inlbj, gnefhe lhrh gb kufb  

Fhcahr =.4 Cnjnphs Qbef ]nefuelb

  Cnefnjuhrihe i`cp`ene yhef hgh gb ghjhc thauef

 th auef suspnesb yhbtu
@-rbef ghe d`ri sprbef 
  Incugbhe cnjnphsihe d`ri pbpn gnefhe lhrh cnjnphsihe s`linr


 a`jt yhef anrhgh gbahwho d`ri sjbgnr

  Cnjnphsihe gust snhj gnefhe lhrh gbkufbj cneffuehihe `anef  “  


 anshr
  Cnjnphsihe st`ppnr rbef ghe `jb snhj


bb.  Jhefiho ]ncnrbishhe

]ncnrbishhe
  Cncnrbish uiurhe phekhef ghrb d`ri pbpn (ahths snrvbs ; <=>,8
cc ) 
 
Cncnrbish d`ri pbpn, d`ri pbst`e, ghe d`ri sjbgnr tnrohghp
thegh thegh inhhushe hthu f`rnshe  
  Cncnrbish in`jnefhe ghrb d`ri pbpn (ahths snrvbs ; =,1 cc)  
bbb.  Jhefiho Cneffhetb @bj \nhj \uspnesb
  Cneffhetb sbj yhef sugho rushi
  \ntnjho @bj snhj gbphshef incahjbihe i`cp`ene suspnesb
inluhjb @-rbef, sprbef snht, ghe st`ppnr rbef
  Cneuhefihe `jb suspnesb ghrb kucjho yhef gbtnetuihe ghrb
djubgh fhrpu yhef gbhekurihe in ghhjhc d`ri pbpn 

82
 

Fhcahr =.6 Cneuheef @jb  

bv.  Jhefiho ]nrhibthe
   Jhefiho cnrhibt yhbtu inahjbihe ghrb jhefiho anca`efihrhe
an ca`efihrhe
L.  FNKHJH INQ^\HIHE \B\WNC \^\]NE\B
h. Fheffuhe Fheffuhe yhef snrbef tnrkhgb phgh s`i arninr snpngh c`t`r
hghjho;
8. \uspnesb gnphe hthu anjhihef tnrjhju jncho.
1. \uspnesb gnphe hthu anjhihef tnrjhju inrhs.
<. Wbcauj suhrh hae`rchj ghrb suspnesb.

a. ]neynaha
]neynaha fheffuhe s`i arninr tnrsnaut absh incuefibehe cnefhjhcb ]nfhs yhef
sugho jncho.
Cbeyhi pnrnghc inkut yhef tbghi tnpht. Hphabjh cncpnrfuehihe cbeyhi yhef
ininethjheeyh tbghi tnpht, chih pnrnghc inkut hihe tnrjhju juehi hthu tnrjhju
inrhs.
Kucjho cbeyhi pnrnghc inkut yhef iurhef hthu tnrkhgb ina`l`rhe. Hphabjh
 kucjho pnefbsbhe cbeyhi inghjhc pnrnghc inkut tbghitb ghi snsuhb gnefhe intnetuhe,
intnet uhe,
chih suspnesb hihe tnrhsh tnrjhju juehi hthu tnrjhju inrhs. Gncbibhe pujh hphabjh
tnrkhgb ina`l`rhe, chih tnihehe tnrhsh juehi. @jno ihrneh btu pnefbsbhe kucjho
cbeyhi ohrus snsuhb gnefhe intnetuhe.
Fheffuhe phgh ahfbhe tutup hthu thauef pnrnghc inkut. Hphabjh pneutup
 pnrnghc inkut anefi`i, ghpht cncuefibeihe shjbef anrfnsnihe gnefhe thauef
 pnrnghc inkut hthu tnrohghp pnfhseyh. Ohj beb cnebcaujihe suhrh fnsnihe.
fnsnihe.
Inrushihe phgh ihrnt pneynt`p (st`ppnr) pnrnghc inkut. Hphabjh ihrnt pneynt`p
tnjho ushef hthu ohelur, chih hihe cnebcaujihe suhrh puiujhe yhef inrhs abjh
 pnrfnrhihe pnrnghc inkut "cnet`i" shcphb jhefiho chisbcuceyh
chisbcuceyh

1=
 

AHA T
]NE^W^]

H.  IN\BC]^JHE

\ntnjho shyh cnjhiuihe ]QHINQBE (]QHIWBI INQKH BEG^\WQB) gb

D I T A M O T O R shyh cneghphtihe aheyhi chedhht, ahbi btu anruph
 pnefhjhche, pnefnthouhe,
pnefnthouhe, ghe sncuh yhef tnrihbt ghjhc gu
guebh
ebh inrkh snrth
cnefnthoub suhtu ohj yhef anjuc pnreho gbanrbihe gbsni`jhohe. \hyh
ghpht cnehcaho whwhshe yhef shyh ghphtihe snjhch beb, ihrneh oheyh
gnefhe prhitbi shyh absh cnefnthoub snanrhph khuo inchcpuhe yhef
sugho shyh ghpht gbsni`jho. \uhtu shht ehetb kbih shyh cnchsuib guebh
inrkh tbghi hihe rhfu ghe fnr`fb uetui cnjhiuiheeyh ghe cnefohghpb
 pnjheffhe, ihrneh snanjuceyh sugho cncpueyhb
cncpueyhb pnefhjhche yhef ahbi.

A.  \HQHE GHE CHEDHHW

Anrghshrihe pnefhjhche shyh phgh shht cnjhishehihe prhitbi inrkh

begustrb shyh cneghphtihe pnefhjhche cneynehefihe chupue iurhef
cneynehefihe. \hyh shefht anrsyuiur ghe anrtnrbchihsbo inphgh
 pncbjbi, sncuh ihryhwhe gb tncpht prhinr
prhinrbe
be snrt
snrthh ahphi/bau furu ghjhc
cncabcabef shyh uetui snjhju anrsnchefht ghe anrtheffuef khwha
ghjhc aninrkh. ]hgh insncphthe beb shyh cncanrbihe shrhe inphgh
sni`jho ghe pbohi prhinrbe.

8.  AHFB ]BOHI \NI@JHO 

h.  Ouauefhe gnefhe begustrb
begustrb jnabo gbtbefihtihe jhfb hfhr sbswh
sbs wh jnabo cugho
cneghphtihe tncpht prhinrbe yhef anrstheghr
 a.  \ni`jhohe cncanrbihe pncanihjhe jnabo inphgh sbswh snanjuc
cnjhiuihe infbhthe prhinrbe.
l.  \nahbieyh pbohi sni`jhohe jnabo gnthbj ghjhc cncanrbihe fhcahrhe
tnethef pneyusuehe jhp`rhe prhinrbe.

18
 

1.  AHFB ]BOHI ]QHINQBE 

h.  \nahbieyh sbswh gbanrbihe tufhs snchisbchj cuefibe snobeffh sbswh
jnabo aheyhi cneghphtihe pnefhjhche inrkh ghjhc guebh begustrb
 a.  ]nrhjhthe yhef anjuc hgh, gbsngbhihe snobeffh sbswh cnefnrtb duefgb ghe
lhrh pneffuhheeyh.

<.  AHFB HGBI INJH\ 

h.  Ghjhc prhinrbe ohrus cnchtuob hturhe yhef hgh ghe anrjhiu gbtncpht
 prhinrbe
 a.  Ohrus hgh inrkhshch yhef ahbi hethrh pbohi prhinrbe ghe sbswh
sbs wh
l.  Ghpht cnekhfh sbihp gha anrtheffuef khwha snjhch prhinrbe
g.  Inrkhihe sncuh pninrkhhe yhef gbanrbihe gnefhe kukur snchefht ghjhc

cnjhiuihe inrkh uetui cncanrbihe pnjhyhehe yhef chisbchj

L.  CHEDHHW ]QHINQBE 

]rhinrbe beb shefht anrchedhht ihrneh sbswh ghpht anjhkhr cnefohghpb

 pnjheffhe

sbswh absh cnrhshihe snjhyhieyh

snjh yhieyh prhitbi gbguebh inrkh btu shefht cnefukb

cnethj sbswh ghe cneuetue sbswh uetui cugho anrs`sbhjbshsb gnefhe

`rhef jhbe

 kbih gbsni`jhohe gbhkhrihe cnca`rhef

cnca`rhef phshef cnsbe c`t`r chtb,
chtb, gbtncpht
 prhinrbe gbhkhrihe cnca`efihe ghe cnchshef cnsbe c`t`r obgup ghe
ohrus obgup incahjb

sbswh shpht cnefnthoub ohj ahru yhef anrchedhht

11
 

G.  JHC]BQHE
8.  Fhcahr Ghe Whanj

Fhcahr =.? Cnchshef \bj @jb

Fhcahr =.2 \bj @jb

Fhcahr =.8= Cneuhef Cbeyhi Qnc

1<
 

Fhcahr =.88 Cnjnphs Qbef ]nefuelb

Fhcahr =.81 Cnjnphs ]nfhs

Fhcahr =.8< ]nfhs \uspnesb

17
 

Fhcahr =.87 Whauef Fhrpu

Fhcahr =.8> Cnjnphs Ahut ]nrniht Whauef Ghe Fhrpu

Fhcahr =.84 Cneuhef Cbeyhi Qnc

1>
 

Fhcahr =.86 ]nfhs Qnhisb

Ghdthr Fhcahr

Fhcahr =.8.................................................................................................................
=.8................................................................................................................. 8=
Fhcahr =.1.................................................................................................................
=.1................................................................................................................. 88

Fhcahr =.<.................................................................................................................
=.<................................................................................................................. 81
Fhcahr =.7.................................................................................................................
=.7................................................................................................................. 8<
Fhcahr =.>.................................................................................................................
=.>................................................................................................................. 87
Fhcahr =.4.................................................................................................................
=.4................................................................................................................. 82
Fhcahr =.6.................................................................................................................
=.6................................................................................................................. 1=
Fhcahr =.?.................................................................................................................
=.?................................................................................................................. 1<
Fhcahr =.2.................................................................................................................
=.2................................................................................................................. 1<
Fhcahr =.8=...........................................
..................................................................
.............................................
.............................................
....................... 1<
Fhcahr =.88...........................................
..................................................................
.............................................
.............................................
....................... 17

Fhcahr =.81...........................................
..................................................................
.............................................
.............................................
....................... 17
Fhcahr =.8<...........................................
..................................................................
.............................................
.............................................
....................... 17
Fhcahr =.87...........................................
..................................................................
.............................................
.............................................
....................... 1>
Fhcahr =.8>...........................................
..................................................................
.............................................
.............................................
....................... 1>
Fhcahr =.84...........................................
..................................................................
.............................................
.............................................
....................... 1>
Fhcahr =.86...........................................
..................................................................
.............................................
.............................................
....................... 14

14