Tigb sbnugbcno 2
Kjon Orkostj
@brtlb HbkottoTonâzquoz
Tonâzquoz Abstrj
]bginnb Soktoràb

Qoaukgbrib

www.u`crbn.aj`.`x
 

OQWI@BGJ ]SJDOQJS, QI GOQOB8

Ajkjaor jtrjs `btoribnos  Bsosjràb pbrb onbcjrbr uk nicrj  ]ucniabr uk toxtj
• •

BAÉSR_OQO B KJQJWSJQ Aj`oraibnizbaiñk

Aj`oraibnizbaiñk Xjkb Aoktrj
Aj`oraibnizbaiñk
Aj`oraibnizbaiñk Xjkb Jaaigokto Wonédjkjs8 ?? ?2 29 31 72 y ?? 3= 43 == 33
Wonédjkjs8 11 12 11 1= ?1 y 11 12 11 1= ?9  Hjybs K.¸ 15,
15, Ajn. Ostronnb
]rivbgb ]jrdirij Gàbz K.¸ 2?, Ajn. On @bkto Gonoebaiñk Eustbvj B. @bgorj
A. ]. 7?31?, Xbpjpbk, Hbnisaj, @éxiaj A. ]. =5<2=, Aiugbg go @éxiaj
ogitjribnu`crbnMljt`bin.aj` voktbsvg`oxiajMu`crbn.aj`.`x

Giroaaiñk ogitjribn8 Sbdbon Bnohbkgrj Jrjzaj Gàbz

Qucgiroaaiñk ogitjribn8 Isonb Auovbs Abkj
Ajjrgikbaiñk ogitjribn8 @jktsorrbt Nbrijs go nb ]oòb
Ogiaiñk8 Anbugib Dbcijnb Gàbz Aiskorjs
Gisoòj go ajnoaaiñk8 @jktsorrbt Nbrijs go nb ]oòb
Gisoòj go ajnoaaiñk go auciortb8 Bktjkij Ebraàb Qbkgjvbn
Giberb`baiñk8 Eizolt Corkbn Hbspobgj
Gisoòj go auciortb8 Bktjkij Ebraàb Qbkgjvbn
Sovisiñk go `bquotb8 @jktsorrbt Nbrijs go nb ]oòb
I`âeokos8 ]ljtj Qtjaf

On ajktokigj go njs oknbaos (añgiejs RS) quo bpbroaok ok osto nicrj os prjpiogbg go sus rospoativjs butjros y sñnj
sirvo aj`j bpjyj gigâatiaj, sik dikos go nuarj pbrb nb ogitjribn.

Tigb sbnugbcno 2
Goroaljs go butjr8
© 3=32, Kjon Orkostj Tonâzquoz Abstrj, @brtlb Hbkotto ]bginnb Soktoràb
© _`crbn Ogitjribn, Q. B. go A. T.
Wonédjkjs8 11 12 11 1= ?1 y 11 12 11 1= ?9
]rivbgb ]jrdirij Gàbz K.¸ 2?, Ajn. On @bkto
A. ]. 7?31?, Xbpjpbk, Hbnisaj, @éxiaj

IQCK8 95<-4=5-42
95<-4=5-429-xxx-x
9-xxx-x
]ri`orb ogiaiñk8 3=32

@io`crj go nb Aâ`brb Kbaijkbn go nb Ikgustrib

Ogitjribn @oxiabkb Qjaij # 111<

_`crbn y su sà`cjnj igoktidiabgjr sjk ukb `brab aj`oraibn roeistrbgb. Ruogb

prjlicigb nb roprjguaaiñk j trbks`isiñk tjtbn j pbraibn gon ajktokigj go nb
prosokto jcrb `ogibkto bneøk `étjgj, sob onoatrñkiaj j `oaâkiaj (IKAN_-
YOKGJ ON DJWJAJ]IBGJ, nb erbcbaiñk
er bcbaiñk j aubnquior sisto`b go roauporbaiñk j
bn`baokb`ioktj go ikdjr`baiñk), sik on ajksokti`ioktj pjr osaritj gon ogitjr.

I`prosj ok @éxiaj / ]riktog ik @oxiaj

 

Àkgiao

Iktruguaaiñ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?
Abr tb b njs ostugibktos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Ajkjao tutu ni
nicrj . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2=
2=

_KIGBG 2. @igigâatiab
Qoauokaib sbnug porsjkbn
2. Nb lieioko porsjkbn aj`j ost stiinj go vigb sbnugbcno. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
On vbnjr go nb rospjksbcinibg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
29
]orsovorbkaib aj`j vbnjr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
32
Qoauokaib gigâatiab 3. Lieioko porsjkbn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Nb lieioko db`inibr, on pinbr pbrb ukb vigb sbnugbcno . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 39
Qoauokaib gigâatiab 1. Lieioko gon o`tjrkj . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1< 1<
Nb lieioko ok on oktjrkj, sus ikiaijs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1<
Qoauokaib gigâatiab 7. Qbnug `oktbn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?2 ?2
Nb lieioko tb`ciék os `oktbn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ?2 ?2

_KIGBG 3. Nb kutriaiñk, nb bativigbg dàsiab y `i sbnug

Qoauokaib gigâatiab 2. Nb kutriaiñk aj`j ostinj go vigb sbnugbcno . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4?
Qoauokaib gigâatiab 3. Oguabaiñk dàsiab y gopjr to osajnbr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
_kb vigb sbnugbcno os `jvi`ioktj . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
54
 Tb`jsgigâatiab
Qoauokaib b rovisbr 1. bneukjs
 Tigb nicro
 Tigb ajkaoptjs
go grjebs  . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 55
5<1
5
Wipjs go grjebs quo si`pno`okto so okauoktrbk ok tu oktjrkj . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<7
Abkkbcis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <7 <7
Éxtbsis  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <?
Éxtbsis <?
Lorjàkb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <4 <4
Ajabàkb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <4 <4
Bkdotb`ikbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <5 <5
Gisjnvoktos  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <5
Gisjnvoktos <5
N QG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . << <<

_K IGB G 1.
1. @i pri`or pnbk go sbnug
Qoauokaib gigâatiab 2. Ab`pbòb pucniaitbrib . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 95
Ok ab
ab`pbòb soso vb
vbno ba
baj`pbòbr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
95
ºRué os
os uk
ukb ab
ab`pbòb pupucniaitbrib: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
99
ºRué tipjs go ab`pbòb pucniaitbrib oxistok: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2= 2==
ºAñ
Añ`j
`j lblbaoaorr uk
ukbb ab ab`p`pbò bòbb pupucn cnia
iait
itbr
bribib : AiAika
kajj pb pbsjsjss pbpbrbrb gogosb sbrr
rrjn
jnnbnbrn
rnbb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2==
Qoauokaib gigâatiab 3.  3. ]rj`jaijkj nj quo os sbnugbcno . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2= 2=?
Qoauokaib gigâatiab 1. Ni`pio`js ok ajkhuktj. éso os on prjyoa tj . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 2 2=
]rjyoa tj go ni`piozb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 22=
Anbsiabaiñk go nb cbsurb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 223
 Hustiabaiñk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22227
Arjkjerb`b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 22?
Ba tivigbgos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22224
Jchotivj eokorbn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 224
Soaursjs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
225
Ohoauaiñk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
22<
Ovbnubaiñk y soeui`ioktj . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 22<
Sosuntbgjs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22229
]bsjs pbrb gisoòbr ukb ab`pbòb pucniaitbrib go uk prjguat atjj . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3=3=
2. Jc
Jchotivj . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23=

 
 ÀKGIAO

3. Crioke j rosu`ok . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23=

1. ]r
]rjpuostb cb
cbso . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
232
7. On
Onbcjrbaiñk go
gon `o
`oksbho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 233
?. Onoaaiñk go `ogijs y robnizbaiñkgo brtos kbnos  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
4. Gisoòj gon pn
pnbk go `ogijs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 231
5. Bgbptbr on `oksbho b njs `ogijs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 231
<. Qoeui`ioktj go ab`pbòb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 237
]bsjs pbrb gisoòbr ukb ab`pbòb go sbnug . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 237
2. Gokir `otbs y jchotivjs go nb ab`pbòb go sbnug  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 237
3. Onoeir b uk aj`ité go pnbkobaiñk y ajjrgikbgjros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 23?
1. Qonoaaijkbr b njs `io`crjs gon aj`ité go pnbkobaiñk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 23?
7. Qonoaaijkbr b njs ajjrgikbgjros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 23?
?. Igoktirabr b nb bugiokaib b nb quo so quioro okdjabr nb ab`pbòb go sbnug  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 234
?.2 Qonoaaijkbr uk to`b aoktrbn pb pbrb nb ab ab`pbòb go go sbnug . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 234
?.3 Gokir ono`oktjs pucniaitbrijs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234

Cicnijerbdàb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23239
Bkoxjs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
212

 
 Iktrjguaaiñk

Nb kuovb osauonb `oxiabkb

Nb oguabaiñk os ukj go njs pinbros prikaipbnos gon gosbrrjnnj go tjgb sjaiogbg. @éxiaj os uk pbàs
quo gurbkto sienj lb go`jstrbgj quo tioko ukb sjaiogbg ajk cbsos okdjabgbs b nb ajkstruaaiñk y
bn gosbrrjnnj6 `ualbs sjk nbs cbtbnnbs quo lb tokigj quo gbr pbrb sor ljy nb kbaiñk quo os.

On ejciorkj go @éxiaj lb eokorbgj ukb roostruaturb go batubnizbr y rodjr`unbr njs aj`pjkoktos

go nb ikstituaiñk osajnbr, ajk on k go quo nb djr`baiñk
d jr`baiñk babgé`iab sob br`ñkiab
br` ñkiab y ajk ukb visiñk b
djr`br `oxiabkjs ajk b`jr b nb pbtrib, rospotj b njs goroaljs lu`bkjs, nbs nicortbgos, ostbcnoaor
ukb aunturb go pbz, oguabr pbrb eokorbr ukb ajksaiokaib go sjnigbrigbg iktorkbaijkbn, tjgj cbhj
ukb porspoativb lu`bkistb y go gosbrrjnnj sjstokicno.

On prikaipij aj`j
aj`j nb nicortbg,
nicor tbg, nb arobtivigbg, on poksb`ioktj y on `jvi`ioktj,
` jvi`ioktj, nb roaj`poksb iktor-
kb on ajktoxtj, njs ieubnos, on jrgok psiajsjaibn j nb iktorbaaiñk `bostrj-bnu`kj, so ajkstituyok
ljy ok gàb aj`j nbs cbsos dukgb`oktbnos go nb pogbeñeiab lu`bkistb (@jktossjri).

Qo tioko ajkto`pnbgj quo nb kuovb osauonb `oxiabkb sorâ, ok on prjaosj oguabtivj, go`jarâtiab,

kbaijkbn, lu`bkàstiab,
sorâk prosoktbgjs oquitbtivb,ok
y ostbcnoaigjs iktoerbn, ikanusivb,gon
nb ajkstruaaiñk iktoraunturbn, go oxaonokaib.
`bnnb aurriaunbr Ostjs
go njs pnbkos puktjs
y prjerb-
`bs go ostugij, njs aubnos tokgrâk ukb porspoativb go eékorj gon ajkjai`ioktj `bto`âtiaj go
noaturb y go osariturb, nb nitorbnigbg, nb listjrib y nb eojerbdàb, on aivis`j, nb njsjdàb, nb toakjnjeàb,
nb ikkjvbaiñk, nbs nokeubs ikgàeokbs go kuostrj pbàs, nbs nokeubs oxtrbkhorbs, nb oguabaiñk dàsiab,
on gopjrto, nb brtos, nb prj`jaiñk go ostinjs, nb vigb sbnugbcno, oguabaiñk soxubn y roprjguativb,
bsà aj`j on auigbgj gon `ogij b`ciokto. Qorâk njs ajktokigjs prj`jtjros go nb djr`baiñk câsiab
lbstb nb prjpogéutiab go tjgjs njs `oxiabkjs.

Gocigj b ostbs koaosigbgos quo ok on brtàaunj 1.¸ ajkstituaijkbn b pbrto go ikvjabr njs goroaljs
lu`bkjs ukivorsbnos, tb`ciék so ostbcnoao quo on Ostbgj os on roatjr go nb oguabaiñk.

Ajk nb gorjebaiñk go nb rodjr`b robnizbgb ok on 3=21, nb aubn eokorñ uk erbk ajkiatj, osto ej -

ciorkj so lb bcjabgj b trbtbr

trbt br uk kuovj ab`ikj ok eokorbr ukb rutb pbrb
pbr b on ab`cij aurriaunbr, pbrb
nj quo sorâ aj`pbatj y baaosicno, oxicno y bgbptbcno bn ajktoxtj, dbaticno y vibcno b gosbrrjnnbr
on tio`pj osajnbr gispjkicno, ajktricuir b nb djr`baiñk go porsjkbs téakiab`okto aj`potoktos y
sjaibn`okto aj`prj`otigbs ok nb sjnuaiñk
s jnuaiñk go njs erbkgos prjcno`bs kbaijkbnos y enjcbnos, nj quo
i`pniab djrtbnoaor nb djr`baiñk aiugbgbkb, quo gocorâ djrtbnoaor nb djr`baiñk go kiòbs, kiòjs y
bgjnosaoktos ajk ajkviaaijkos b dbvjr go nb ljkostigbg, hustiaib, nicortbg giekigbg y jtrjs vbnjros
quo sjk dukgb`oktbnos gorivbgjs go njs goroaljs lu`bkjs.

Goktrj go nbs kuovbs baaijkos, so ostbcnoao noebn`okto nb prj`jaiñk go ostinjs go vigb sbnugbcno
ok njs oguabkgjs b pbrtir go njs prjaosjs go bativbaiñk dàsiab, on ostbcnoai`ioktj go prjerb`bs ok
gjkgo on Ostbgj ostâ jcniebgj b prj`jvor baaijkos go abrâator bni`oktbrij ok osauonbs uciabgb
ok zjkbs go `breikbaiñk y pjcrozb.
Ostbcnoaor ok njs pnbkos y prjerb`bs go ostugij bspoatjs aunturbnos, brtàstiajs y nitorbrijs pbrb

 
 IKWSJG_AAIÑK

`bktokor ostinjs go vigb sbnugbcno, ajk on k go ajktrbrrostbr gidoroktos prjcno`bs aj`j on sj -

croposj, nb jcosigbg y nbs okdor`ogbgos goeokorbtivbs, y bativbr ajktokigjs ronbaijkbgjs ajk nb
prj`jaiñk go nb sbnug osajnbr.

]rjpñsitjs pbrb nb oguabaiñk soaukgbrib

2. Tbnjrbr y o`pnobr sus lbcinigbgos y gostrozbs `jtriaos bn pbrtiaipbr ok huoejs, bativigbgos go
ikiaibaiñk gopjrtivb y gopjrto oguabtivj.
3. Gosaucrir y djrtbnoaor on ajkjai`ioktj, on auigbgj y nb baoptbaiñk go sà bn pbrtiaipbr ok situbaij-
kos `jtriaos y go oxprosiñk ajrpjrbn ok nbs quo iktorbatøbk ajk njs go`âs.
1. Bkbnizbr y ovbnubr su batubaiñk ostrbtéeiab ok gistiktbs situbaijkos go huoej, ikiaibaiñk gopjrti-
vb y gopjrto oguabtivj.
7. ]rjpjkor y sonoaaijkbr bntorkbtivbs vikaunbgbs
vikaunb gbs ajk on bprjvoalb`ioktj gon tio`pj nicro pjr `o-
gij go bativigbgos dàsiabs y roarobtivbs pbrb bsu`ir ostinjs go vigb sbnugbcnos.
?. ]rj`jvor y onoeir batitugos bsortivbs
bsortiv bs y vbnjros quo por`itbk `bkohbr y rosjnvor njs ajkiatjs go
`bkorb pbaàab `ogibkto nb tj`b go bauorgjs ok huoejs, bativigbgos go ikiaibaiñk gopjrtivb y
on gopjrto oguabtivj.

Iktorvokaiñk pogbeñeiab
]brb on aianj osajnbr 3=32-3=33, so osporb ajktbr ajktbr ajk uk prjerb`b oguabtivj ostbcnoaigj,
pjr on `j`oktj, y aj`j os go ajkjai`ioktj go tjgj on ero`ij `beistoribn, nb bsiekbturb go Tigb
Qbnugbcno ostbrâ vikaunbgb b bneukjs bprokgizbhos anbvo y bprokgizbhos osporbgjs b nb `btorib go
Oguabaiñk Dàsiab.

 
 IKWSJG_AAIÑK

Abrtb b njs ostugibktos

Nb soaukgbrib os ukb otbpb `uy iktorosbkto, yb quo ostâs ok on prjaosj babgé`iaj, ajekitivj,
dàsiaj go ab`cijs quo ok jabsijkos sjk uk pjaj duortos6 puogos okajktrbr ok tu djr`b go poksbr
y go soktir quo kj to oktiokgok j quo kj to oktiokgos, y ostj os bnej kjr`bn. Tbs b ajkjaor quo nj
quo bktos kj to abusbcb `bnostbr j ikaj`jgigbg, ljy to lbao tbn voz gbòj6 pjgrâs igoktiabr quo
njs bni`oktjs j njs `jvi`ioktjs quo robnizbsto aubkgj ostbcbs ok nb pri`brib kj to lbaàbk gbòj,
porj quo bljrb, aj`j ostâs
ost âs aroaiokgj, sioktos `âs lb`cro, suoòj, ab`cib tu dàsiaj, tu abrb, tu jnjr6
tjgj ostj trbcbhbro`js ok osto toxtj `ogibkto bativigbgos `uy aorabkbs b tu robnigbg y b tu vigb,
pbrb quo tø puogbs onoeir qué lbaor y añ`j lbaornj6 os pbrto go nj quo tø irâs ajkjaiokgj y quo njs
ajktokigjs quo bquà trbcbhb`js tb`ciék njs trbcbhbrâs ok jtrbs `btoribs aj`j Djr`baiñk Aàviab
y Étiab, Oguabaiñk Dàsiab, Cijnjeàb, quo, bn trbcbhbrnbs ok ajkhuktj, pbrb ti sorâ bøk `âs sokainnj
vor quo tu aroai`ioktj y tu gosbrrjnnj sjaibn y cijnñeiaj sjk `âs aj`ukos go nj puogos i`beikbr.
¡Bgonbkto, sieb`js aroaiokgj, ajkjaiokgj, y b oalbrno `ualbs ebkbs!

Ajkaoptubnizbkgj nb vigb sbnugbcno

_k ostinj go vigb sbnugbcno so rooro b uk ajkhuktj go aj`pjrtb`ioktjs j batitugos gibribs pbrb
`bktokor on auorpj y nb `okto go `bkorb bgoaubgb, ronbaijkbgj ajk nb sbnug `oktbn, nb giotb, nb
bativigbg dàsiab, nb provokaiñk go nb sbnug, on trbcbhj, nbs ronbaijkos iktorporsjkbnos y nbs bativigb-
gos b`cioktbnos y sjaibnos.

Gosgo ostb porspoativb, nb gjatjrb Nupo Onosabkj, `égiab go db`inib gon aj`pnohj ljspitbnbrij,
br`ñ quo njs lâcitjs koaosbrijs pbrb ukb vigb sbnugbcno sjk njs sieuioktos8

2. @bkték ukb giotb sbkb, oquinicrbgb y bgoaubgb b tu ogbg. _kb giotb giotb sbnugbcno ajksisto ok aikaj
aj`igbs bn gàb, kutrioktos osokaibnos y okoreàb koaosbrijs pbrb `bktokor nb vigb.
3. Lbz ohoraiaijs dàsiajs y ovitb on sogoktbris`j. On ohoraiaij os dukgb`oktbn pbrb nnovbr
nnovb r uk ostinj go
vigb sbnugbcno. ]uogos prbatiabr 1= `ikutjs bn gàb, aikaj
aikaj gàbs b nb so`bkb, j puogos prbatiabr
2 ljrb, 1 voaos b nb so`bkb.
1. _kb cuokb kjalo go suoòj. Gjr`ir bn `okjs sioto ljrbs pjr kjalo puogo bu`oktbr njs coko-
aijs go uk ostinj go vigb sbnugbcno y roguair on riosej go okdor`ogbg abrgijvbsaunbr.
7. @bktokor nb lieioko. On ajkaoptj go lieioko
lieioko kj sñnj so rooro bn bsoj y nb ni`piozb gon auorpj,
sikj quo tb`ciék so rooro bn oktjrkj gon ljebr y b `bktokor kuostrj oktjrkj jrgokbgj.
?. Ovitb du`br y cocor. Qi ostbs sustbkaibs so ajksu`ok
ajksu`ok go djr`b gosajktrjnbgb,
gosajktrjnbgb, tokgrâk uk i`-
pbatj koebtivj ok nb sbnug.
4. Wok doniaigbg o`jaijkbn. Auigbr
Auigbr nb sbnug `oktbn os tbk i`pjrtbkto aj`j auigbr nb sbnug dàsiab.
Ok tjgbs nbs otbpbs go su vigb, on ciokostbr o`jaijkbn,
o` jaijkbn, psiajnñeiaj y sjaibn
sjaibn bdoatbrâ
bdoatb râ su djr`b go
poksbr, soktir y aj`pjrtbrso.

Oksoòbr b njs bgjnosaoktos lâcitjs sbnugbcnos y ajkvortirnjs ok uk bspoatj câsiaj go nb vigb os

nb `ogigb provoktivb
provoktivb `âs o iabz pbrb `bktokor
`bktokor ukb cuokb abnigbg
abnigbg go vigb.

 
 IKWSJG_AAIÑK

]jr jtrj nbgj, njs cuokjs lâcitjs go sbnug puogok byugbrto b ovitbr okdor`ogbgos y `ohjrbr tu
abnigbg go vigb. Njs sieuioktos pbsjs to byugbrâk b soktirso y vivir `ohjr.

• Lbaor ohoraiaij ajk roeunbrigbg y ajktrjnbr tu posj.

• Kj du`br.
• Ovitbr on ajksu`j go cocigbs bnajlñniabs.
• Kj butj`ogiabrso. Bsistir bn `égiaj ok absj go aubnquior prjcno`b go sbnug.
• Ajksu`ir ukb giotb sbkb y oquinicrbgb.
• Auigbr tus gioktos.
• Qoeuir nbs cuokbs prâatiabs go lieioko. 
lieioko.  

Dikbn`okto, on ajkaoptj go vigb sbnugbcno, `âs quo djr`brnj go `bkorb ajkaoptubn, bkbnizbrnj j
rooxijkbrnj, nj goki`js aj`j uk ostinj y `jgj go vigb quo tjgjs, bcsjnutb`okto tjgjs, goco -
`js go prbatiabr, ovigokaib y vivokaibr, abgb gàb go kuostrb vigb.
v igb. Os aiortj, kj sorâ
sor â dâain, bn prikaipij
aj`j tjgj lâcitj quo so bprokgo j kuovj ajkjai`ioktj bgquirigj, lby uk porijgj go bgbptbaiñk
dàsiaj y `oktbn. ]orsovorbkaib, tokbaigbg y osduorzj sorâk nbs lorrb`ioktbs vbnijsbs quo pjtokaib-
râk on njerj go tjgjs kuostrjs jchotivjs.

Ostb`js soeurjs go quo ajk osto nicrj quogbrâs sbtisdoalj y pjgrâs bprokgor b sor `âs sbnugbcno
y byugbr b tu db`inib, b`iejs y sjaiogbg ok eokorbn b tokor ukb vigb sbnugbcno.

¡Ciokvokigj, ciokvokigb!

NJQ B_WJSOQ

<
 
   Ajkjao tu nicrj

Ostruaturb gon nicrj

Iktrjguaaiñk go nb ukigbg

Kø`orj
go ukigbg

_KIGBG
Lieioko y kutriaiñk
2

Kj`cro go nb ukigbg Wbcnb go prjpñsitjs

prj pñsitjs go
bprokgizbho osporbgjs

Kø`orj go ohoraiaij
 y kj`cro

Oxpnjrbaiñk gibekñstiab Bativigbgos pjr robnizbr

2=

Ajkjao tu nicrj
 
 Iktrjguaaiñk go nb ukigbg
Éstb ajksisto ok nb gosaripaiñk rodorokto b nb ukigbg8 on qué, on añ`j y on pjrqué.

QOA_OKAIB GIGÂAWIAB
Osto bpbrtbgj so ajkdjr`b go soauokaibs, nbs aubnos tiokok nb iktokaiñk go njerbr on bprokgizbho
siekiabtivj gon bnu`kj b trbvés go bativigbgos.

]SJ]ÑQIWJQ8 nb `btorib go Tigb sbnugbcno tioko aj`j prjpñsitj trbtbr to`bs

go sbkb kutriaiñk, djrtbnoai`ioktj gon sisto`b ik`uko, ohoraiaij, lieioko porsjkbn
y ni`piozb gon oktjrkj, oktro jtrjs. Nb iktokaiñk os rosbntbr oktro njs bnu`kjs nb
i`pjrtbkaib go auigbr su sbnug, ajk on k go ovitbr okdor`ogbgos quo pjkebk ok
ponierj sus vigbs.

Osabkob njs añgiejs  

y jcsorvb on Okauoktrb gbtjs
ajktokigj iktorosbktos
pbrb okriquoaor ronbaijkbgjs bn
Gieitbnàzbto tu ajkjai`ioktj. _k gbtj to`b ok aursj.

Okauoktrb
ikdjr`baiñk
ronovbkto pbrb
  Qbcàbs quo...
ajkjaor y roajrgbr.
ro ajrgbr.

22

 Dialb gon bnu`kj

 GBWJQ
GBWJQ ]OSQJKBNO Q

@i kj`cro os8

@i osauonb so nnb`b8

]ortokozaj bn erupj8 @i kø`orj go nistb os8

Ostjy ok on turkj8

Doalb go kbai`ioktj8

Gàb @os Bòj

Gj`iainij8

Abnno Kø`.

Ajnjkib @ukiaipij / Gonoebaiñk

Wonédjkj Aonunbr Ajrroj onoatrñkiaj

GBWJQ
GBWJQ DB@INIBSO Q

Kj`cro gon pbgro8

Jaupbaiñk8 Won.

Kj`cro go nb `bgro8

Jaupbaiñk8 Won.

Ok absj go tokor tutjr(b), kj`cro gon tutjr(b)

tutjr (b)

Jaupbaiñk8 Won.
 

_KIGBG
@i sbnug porsjkbn
2
 
 Iktrjguaaiñk go nb ukigbg
Ok osto tri`ostro kjs okdjabro`js ok nb lieioko tbktj dàsiab aj`j `oktbn, go `bkorb por-
sjkbn, db`inibr, bsà aj`j gon oktjrkj, nj aubn to gbrâ pbutbs pbrb iktoerbr b tu vigb gibrib
lâcitjs quo `ohjrbrâk tu sbnug y bgo`âs to por`itirâk tokor ukb sbkb ajkvivokaib ajk nbs
porsjkbs go tu oktjrkj.

27

 T
 TII GB Q B N_ GB CN O 2
  _2
@i sbnug porsjkbn
 _kigbg 2. @i sbnug porsjkbn

Kø`orj go Kj`cro go nb
soauokaib soauokaib ]rjpñsitjs Oho go vigb sbnugbcno
gigâatiab
Nb lieioko porsjkbn
2 aj`j ostinj go vigb b]rjpjko bntorkbtivbs
prjcno`bs go sbnug go
y onsjnuaijkos
`ogij b`-
sbnugbcno. ciokto, ronbaijkbgjs ajk nb lieioko
y ni`piozb, ok on oktjrkj db`inibr,
3 Lieioko db`inibr. osajnbr y aj`ukitbrij.
Lieioko y ni`piozb.
Wj`b goaisijkos jrioktbgbs b provo-
Lieioko kir okdor`ogbgos trbks`isicnos
1 gon oktjrkj. b pbrtir gon bkânisis go njs dbatjros
go riosej y prjtoaaiñk go nb sbnug.
]rbatiab ostinjs go vigb bativjs ajk on Qbnug.
7 Qbnug `oktbn. k go `jgiabr j oni`ikbr aj`pjrtb-
`ioktjs go riosej pbrb nb sbnug.

2?

 TII GB Q B N_ GB C N O 2
 T
_2
@i sbnug porsjkbn
 Oxpnjrbaiñk gibekñstiab
• Bktos go ikiaibr nbs bativigbgos go nb ukigbg gigâatiab 2, „@i sbnug porsjkbn‐, to  ikvitj b
rospjkgor nj sieuiokto8

2.  ºQbcos auânos sjk njs lâcitjs go lieioko porsjkbn:

3.  Godiko on ajkaoptj go lieioko porsjkbn8

1.  Gosarico bneukbs go nbs baaijkos gibribs pbrb `bktokor nb lieioko ok on ljebr8

7.  ºRué so koaositb pbrb quo nb sjaiogbg `bktokeb su oktjrkj ni`pij:

?.  ]brb ri, ºqué os nb sbnug `oktbn :

24

 T I GB Q B N _ GB CN O
 TI
  _2
@i sbnug porsjkbn

QOA_OKA IB GIGÂAWIAB 2
 Nb lieioko porsjkbn aj`j ostinj go vigb sbnugbcno

]SJ]ÑQIWJ8 prjpjko bntorkbtivbs go sjnuaijkos b prjcno`bs go sb- Gieitbnàzbto

nug y on `ogij b`ciokto, ronbaijkbgjs ajk nb lieioko y ni`piozb, ok on ºRué os nb lieioko:
oktjrkj db`inibr, osajnbr y aj`ukitbrij.
lttps8//cit.ny/1q@pzUl

IKIAIJ

Nb oguabaiñk os nb okabrebgb go djrtbnoaor y prj`j-

vor dbatjros prjtoatjros go sbnug, njs `âs gostbab-
cnos sjk nb lieioko y njs lâcitjs sbnugbcnos, gosgo uk
okdjquo go abnigbg go vigb, goroaljs y ajkvivokaib.

Nb lieioko porsjkbn, nb lieioko db`inibr y gon oktjrkj vb `u-

alj `âs bnnâ go nbs `orbs prâatiabs go bsoj, puos os ukj go njs
aj`pjkoktos dukgb`oktbnos go uk ostinj go vigb sbnugbcno, yb quo

so okauoktrb
porsjkbs aj`jostroalb`okto ronbaijkbgb on
nb sbnug, nb bni`oktbaiñk, ajk jtrjs
ohoraiaijto`bs
ohoraiaij dàsiaj ydukgb`oktbnos
dàsiaj ok nb vigb go nbs
nb sbnug `oktbn.

BAWITI GBG 2 ºR_É QBCO@JQ:

_k gbtj
2. ºOk qué pioksbs aubkgj noos nb pbnbcrb lieioko: Nb lieioko os on ajkhuktj
go ajkjai`ioktjs y
téakiabs quo bpniabk njs
ikgivigujs pbrb on ajktrjn
go njs dbatjros quo ohoraok
j puogok ohoraor
ohoraor odoatjs
kjaivjs sjcro nb sbnug. Nb
3. Gosarico bneukbs prâatiabs go bsoj gibrij quo ajkjaos. lieioko porsjkbn os on
ajkaoptj câsiaj gon bsoj,
ni`piozb auigbgj gon
auorpj lu`bkj.

• Qi quioros sbcor `âs sjcro nb lieioko porsjkbn, to ikvitj b osabkobr on añgiej RS ok nb

soaaiñk „Gieitbnàzbto‐.

Wbrob
• Cusab rovistbs y poriñgiajs ok absb, roajrtb i`âeokos go
porsjkbs robnizbkgj lâcitjs go ni`piozb porsjkbn y euâr-
gbnjs, puos nj koaositbrâs `âs tbrgo.

25

 TII GB Q B N_ GB C N O 2
 T
_2
@i sbnug porsjkbn

On bprokgizbho go lâcitjs go lieioko y auigbgjs porsjkbnos au`pnok

 dukaijkos i`pjrtbktos ok nb djr`baiñk iktoerbn go nbs porsjkbs8
• @ohjrb nb sbnug y on ciokostbr gon ikgiviguj y nb aj`ukigbg.
• ]rovioko nb bpbriaiñk y gosbrrjnnj go okdor`ogbgos.
• Dbainitb nbs ronbaijkos iktorporsjkbnos.
• Ajktricuyo b nb djr`baiñk go ukb i`beok pjsitivb go sà `is`js.

Njs
aiñklâcitjs
go ostjsgolâcitjs
lieiokosjk
porsjkbn sjk dukgb`oktbnos
rospjksbcinigbg ok nbsivigb
go abgb ukj6 ciokgibrib go nbs porsjkbs
njs lâcitjs go lieiokoy nb bgquisi-
aj`iokzbk
b bgquirirso ok on sokj db`inibr gosgo poquoòjs, b nj nbrej go nb vigb vb`js `jgiabkgj y bgqui -
riokgj kuovjs yb sob pjr koaosigbgos ajnoativbs, pjr oktrbr b jtrb otbpb go aroai`ioktj aj`j nb
bgjnosaokaib j, ikanusj, pjr ab`cibrso go nuebr go rosigokaib.

BAWITI GBG 3

• Ok njs sieuioktos ospbaijs, ok djr`b go kjtb go pbpon, gicuhb bneukjs lâcitjs go lieioko por-
sjkbn quo ajkjaos y gosarico gocbhj nb i`pjrtbkaib go abgb ukj go onnjs6 câsbto ok on oho`pnj.

Woko`js quo nbvbrkjs njs gioktos tjgjs njs gàbs,

`àki`j tros voaos, pbrb tokor gioktos sbkjs, nicros
nic ros
go abrios y uk bnioktj drosaj.

2<

 TI
 T I GB Q B N _ GB CN O
  _2
@i sbnug porsjkbn
 _k gbtj
Ok nbs aiokaibs go nb sbnug,
ok pbrtiaunbr nbs aiokaibs
gon aj`pjrtb`ioktj,
so gokj`ikb lâcitj  
b aubnquior ajkguatb
ropotigb roeunbr`okto.

On jchotivj go nb lieioko porsjkbn os quo nbs porsjkbs jctokebk nbs

n bs `ohjros ajkgiaij-
kos go sbnug drokto b njs riosejs gon b`ciokto y gon prjpij sor lu`bkj.

Wokor ukb cuokb lieioko porsjkbn kj os rosuntbgj go nb cuokb suorto, gopokgo go nb

rospjksbcinigbg go ukj `is`j. Nb butjosti`b j b`jr pjr sà `is`j huoeb uk pbpon

dukgb`oktbn droktoy bsoktirso

vorso, `bktokorso osto bspoatj,
ciok. puos quiok so bproaib y vbnjrb, so osduorzb pjr

GOQBSSJNNJ

On vbnjr go nb rospjksbcinigbg
Nb rospjksbcinigbg so ajksigorb ukb aubnigbg y uk vbnjr gon sor lu`bkj. Qo trbtb go
ukb abrbatoràstiab pjsitivb go nbs porsjkbs quo sjk abpbaos go aj`prj`otorso y ba-
tubr go djr`b ajrroatb. Ok `ualjs absjs, nb rospjksbcinigbg vioko gbgb pjr uk abrej,
uk rjn j ukb airaukstbkaib aj`j uk puostj go trbcbhj j nb pbtorkigbg.

Ok ukbgoroaljs
gj sus sjaiogbg,ysogoso`poòbkgj
osporb quo nbssus
porsjkbs batøokaj`j
jcniebaijkos go djr`b rospjksbcno,
aiugbgbkjs. ohoraiok-
Ok `ualjs
absjs, nb rospjksbci
rospjksbcinigbg
nigbg jcogoao b auostijkos étiabs y `jrbnos.

BAWITI GBG 1 

2. ºRué os uk vbnjr:

29

 TII GB Q B N_ GB C N O 2
 T
_2
@i sbnug porsjkbn

3. Gosarico go qué `bkorb oros rospjksbcno prbatiabkgj njs lâcitjs go lieioko porsjkbn.
 @o novbktj to`prbkj y @bktokej
`o pjkej rjpb ni`pib. ukb cuokb
lieioko goktbn.
@o cbòj.
Nnoej b tio`pj
b nb osauonb.
BAWITI GBG 7  ]BSB ]JKOS OK ]SÂAWIA B

• Ok on sieuiokto ospbaij robnizb uk gicuhj go nj quo siekiab sor rospjksbcno ok tu vigb ajtigib-
kb, y ok nbs nàkobs go bcbhj gosarico tu gicuhj.

3=

 TII GB Q B N_ GB CN O 2
 T
  _2
@i sbnug porsjkbn
 ]orj ºgo qué `bkorb pjgo`js ikajrpjrbr uk cuok lâcitj ok kuostrb vigb ajtigibkb:, ºtjgjs njs lâcitjs
sjk pjsitivjs:, ºj tb`ciék lby lâcitjs quo rosuntbk sor koebtivjs ok nb vigb ajtigibkb go nbs porsjkbs:

]brb gbr rospuostb b nbs proeuktbs bktorijros jcsorvb nb sieuiokto i`beok, ok onnb pjgrâs ajkjaor
go qué `bkorb pjgo`js aj`okzbr b djr`br lâcitjs, puos kj so njerbk go nb kjalo b nb `bòbkb,
so koaositb pbaiokaib y porsovorbkaib pbrb njerbr
njer br ikanuir ok kuostrbs vigbs, prâatiabs
prâa tiabs ajtigibkbs quo
kjs byugbk b tokor cuokbs ajstu`cros.

]orsovorbkaib aj`j vbnjr

Nb porsovorbkaib os uk vbnjr lu`bkj pri`jrgibn. ]or`ito bn ikgiviguj
soeuir lbaib pos br go nbs giauntbgos, njs jcs-
lbaib bgonbkto, kj rokgirso b posbr
tâaunjs, nb drustrbaiñk, on gosâki`j, on bcurri`ioktj, nb tokgokaib j
lbaib on gosoj go rokgirso j bcbkgjkbr ukb situbaiñk.

Nb porsovorbkaib os uk vbnjr pjsitivj quo byugb, j ikaro`oktb nb n b prjcb-

cinigbg go njerbr `otbs gidàainos, y b vbnjrbr `âs njs njerjs bnabkzbgjs.

Arob lâcitjs ok sois pbsjs

2. ]ioksb ok tu jchotivj. 7. To gospbaij. 
• Wok anbrj tu jchotivj y visubnizb quo nj ajksieuos • Kj to proaipitos vo pjaj b pjaj, pbsj b pbsj,
ajk tjgjs njs gotbnnos pjsicnos. noktj porj soeurj.
3. @oktbnàzbto. ?. _sb lorrb`ioktbs.
• ]rjvjab nbs situbaijkos quo to nnovok b nb baaiñk. • _sb roajrgbtjrijs
roajrgbtjrijs y kjtbs. Nbs oxausbs kj
ostâk por`itigbs.
1. Gisoòb uk pbtrñk. 4. Sopàtonj.
• _tinizb roajrgbtjri
roajrgbtjrijs.
js. • Qé ajkstbkto, tok gotor`ikbaiñk, lbznj y ropàtonj
• Qieuo ukb rutikb. lbstb quo so ajkviortb ok lâcitj.
• Gisdrutb nb roaj`poksb.

BAWITI GBG ?

2. ºSoajkja
ºSoajkjaos
os lâcitjs pjsitivjs go lieioko porsjkbn
p orsjkbn ok tu vigb ajtigibkb
ajtigibkb:: ºAuânos:

32

 TII GB Q B N_ GB C N O 2
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_2
@i sbnug porsjkbn

3. ºOk tu aj`pjrtb`ioktj j vigb ajtigibkb igoktiabs lâcitjs koebtivjs quo iktororok ok nb

bgquisiaiñk go lâcitjs pjsitivjs go lieioko: Qi tu rospuostb os sà, gosaràconjs8
 Ok on sieuiokto osquo`b puogos jcsorvbr njs lâcitjs go lieioko porsjkbn koaosbrijs pbrb nnovbr

ukb vigb sbnugbcno.

Nb gualb
Lieioko gibrib
gon huoej On nbvbgj
gon abconnj

Lieioko Nb lieioko
gon vostir go nbs `bkjs

Lâcitjs go
Lieioko lieioko porsjkbn Nb lieioko
gon suoòj go njs pios

On auigbgj On bsoj
go njs jhjs go nbs uòbs
Nb lieioko Nb lieioko
go njs jigjs cuabn

33

 TI
 T I GB Q B N _ GB CN O
  _2
@i sbnug porsjkbn

BAWITI GBG 4

• Gospués go ajkjaor njs lâcitjs go lieioko porsjkbn, robnizb nb sieuiokto tbcnb ok

nb quo bkjtbrâs bquonnjs lâcitjs quo prbatiabs ok tu vigb ajtigibkb quo sjk ajk-
 trbrijs b njs gosaritjs ok nb i`beok bktorijr. Jcsorvb on oho`pnj.

@bnjs lâcitjs Qjnuaiñk

Kj `o nbvj nbs `bkjs bktos go aj`or Nbvbr`o nbs `bkjs tjgjs njs gàbs bktos go
ki gurbkto on roaroj ok nb osauonb. ikeorir `is bni`oktjs y gospués go ir bn cbòj.

• Ok on sieuiokto toxtj so jcsorvb nb i`pjrtbkaib go nb lieioko porsjkbn.

Kj duorjk nbs rbtbs,

rbt bs, nb dbntb
d bntb go lieioko prjpbeñ
prjpbeñ nb posto koerb
Qoeøk nb tojràb listñriab, soràbk njs pbrâsitjs quo vivàbk ok njs rjogjros njs voatjros go
prjpbebaiñk go nb posto cucñkiab quo bnabkzñ uk puktj `âxi`j oktro 2174 y 2142, y
Gieitbnàzbto
`btñ sñnj ok Ourjpb b 3? `innjkos go porsjkbs.
]brb noor on brtàaunj
Nb dbntb go lieioko y kj nbs rbtbs lbcràb prjpbebgj nb posto ko - aj`pnotj osabkob on
erb soeøk kuovb ovigokaib pucniabgb pjr uk erupj go aioktà - sieuiokto añgiej RS.
ajs go nb _kivorsigbg go Jsnj. Nb pbkgo`ib go posto `âs
govbstbgjrb ok nb listjrib go nb lu`bkigbg  quo bdoatñ b lttps8//cit.ny/3FOX<nN
Ourjpb ok on sienj \IT `btbkgj b uk toraij go nb pjcnbaiñk
ajktikoktbn puogo lbcorso prjpbebgj b trbvés go punebs y
pijhjs bnjhbgjs ok lu`bkjs y kj ok rjogjros aj`j so aroàb
lbstb bljrb8 soeøk nb tojràb listñriab soràbk njs pbrâsitjs quo
vivàbk ok njs rjogjros njs voatjros go prjpbebaiñk go nb posto
cucñkiab quo bnabkzñ uk puktj `âxi`j oktro 2174 y 2142.

31

 TII GB Q B N_ GB C N O 2
 T
_2
@i sbnug porsjkbn

Nb tb`ciék ajkjaigb aj`j „`uorto koerb‐ quo bdoatñ govbstbgjrb`okto b Ourjpb, Alikb, Ikgib,
@ogij Jriokto y on Kjrto go Âdriab `btbkgj oktro on troiktb y on sosoktb pjr aioktj go nb pjcnbaiñk
ourjpob duo abusbgb pjr nb cbatorib Yorsik ib postis, quo pugj `jvorso oktro nbs vàati`bs b trbvés go
Yorsikib
vbrijs voatjros. Bquon quo oxpniab su prjpbebaiñk b trbvés go nbs punebs quo sbntbcbk go nbs rbtbs b
sus bktrijkos quo `uriorjk go nb posto lb igj porgiokgj arogicinigbg ajk njs bòjs yb quo kj oxpniab
 nb rbpigoz ajk quo so prjpbeñ nb pbkgo`ib. Bgo`âs, kukab oxistiorjk ikdjr`os go `uortos `bsivbs
go rbtbs pjr nb `is`b okdor`ogbg. Qoeøk ostb kuovb rovisiñk, njs ikvostiebgjros lbk prosoktbgj nb
kuovb tojràb quo sueioro quo punebs y pijhjs quo vivàbk ok lu`bkjs ostâ on jrieok go nb prjpbebaiñk
go nb cbatorib. ]jr okgo, soràb nb dbntb go lieioko on prikaipbn voatjr go nb posto koerb.
(BCA.os, 3=2<).

BAWITI GBG 5

2. Sobnizb uk aubgrj sikñptiaj sjcro nb i`pjrtbkaib go nb lieioko porsjkbn.

   o
   k
   o
   i
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   o
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   j
   t
   i
   c
   â
   L

37

 TII GB Q B N_ GB CN O 2
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  _2
@i sbnug porsjkbn

3. Ok on sieuiokto ospbaij robnizb uk ajnnbeo ajk nbs i`âeokos go lieioko porsjkbn quo roajrtbsto
bktorijr`okto go tbrob.
 ]oebr
i`âeok ]oebr ]oebr
i`âeok i`âeok

]oebr
]oebr
i`âeok
i`âeok
]oebr
i`âeok

]oebr
i`âeok ]oebr
i`âeok

3?

 TII GB Q B N_ GB C N O 2
 T
_2
@i sbnug porsjkbn

AIOSSO

BAWITI GBG <  AIOSSO

• Ok on sieuiokto ospbaij, osarico tus lâcitjs go lieioko porsjkbn.

 Gibrij go vigb sbnugbcno

34

 TII GB Q B N_ GB CN O 2
 T
  _2
@i sbnug porsjkbn

Søcriabs go ovbnubaiñk
Butjovbnubaiñk
• Ajktostb y oktroeb b tu gjaokto.

Kj`cro8
 Erupj8 Wurkj88
Wurkj Kø`orj go nistb8

ASIWOSIJQ S O B N I X B G J ]BSAIBN@OKWO KJ
SOBNIXBGJ SOBNIXBGJ
ºBprokgà on ajkaoptj go lieioko porsjkbn:
ºBprokgà o liao rooxiñk sjcro njs lâcitjs go
lieioko quo gocj tokor:
ºAjkjzaj nb gidorokaib oktro njs lâcitjs cuokjs
y lâcitjs `bnjs pbrb `i sbnug:
ºBprokgà njs pbsjs pbrb arobr lâcitjs sbnugbcnos:
ºBprokgà on ajkaoptj go lâcitj:
ºIgoktiqué lâcitjs sbnugbcnos go lieioko
porsjkbn quo prbatiaj ok `i vigb ajtigibkb:

ºBprokgà njs `i
ikaro`oktbr lâcitjs quoporsjkbn:
lieioko koaositj pbrb

Ajovbnubaiñk
• Aj`pbrto nb røcriab ajk uk aj`pbòorj j aj`pbòorb pbrb quo to ovbnøo y lbz nj `is`j pbrb én j onnb.
onnb .

Kj`cro8
Erupj8 Wurkj88
Wurkj Kø`orj go nistb8
Kj`cro gon aj`pbòorj j aj`pbòorb quo robnizb nb ajovbnubaiñk8

ASIWOSIJQ QÀ B T OAOQ KJ
ºJcsorvé quo `i aj`pbòorj rovisñ njs ajkaoptjs
go lieioko:
º@o ajkstb quo `i aj`pbòorj trbcbhñ ok su nicrj
nbs gidoroktos bativigbgos:
ºGjy do go quo `i aj`pbòorj sà bprokgiñ nb
gidorokaib oktro lâcitjs sbnugbcnos y `bnjs lâcitjs:
ºAjksigorj quo `i aj`pbòorj so osdjrzñ pjr
sbcor njs pbsjs pbrb arobr lâcitjs sbnugbcnos:

35

 T
 TII GB Q B N_ GB C N O 2
_2
@i sbnug porsjkbn

ASIWOSIJQ QÀ B T OAOQ KJ
ºJcsorvé quo `i aj`pbòorj igoktiañ njs lâcitjs
sbnugbcnos quo prbatiab ok su vigb ajtigibkb:
º@i aj`pbòorj bprokgiñ nj koaosbrij go
lieioko porsjkbn:
 Lotorjovbnubaiñk
•
]brb aj`pnotbr tu ovbnubaiñk, oktroeb nb sieuiokto røcriab b tu prjdosjr.
Kj`cro8
Erupj8 Wurkj88
Wurkj Kø`orj go nistb8
ASIWOSIJQ QÀ B T OAOQ KJ
ºJcsorvé quo nb bnu`kb j bnu`kj pusj gocigb
btokaiñk o iktorés ok nb anbso:
ºQo jcsorvñ quo nb bnu`kb j bnu`kj pbrtiaipñ ok
nbs bativigbgos porsjkbnos y ajnoativbs ok anbso:
ºQo pugj ovigokaibr quo njs bnu`kjs
pbrtiaipbrjk bativb`okto go djr`b jrbn y/j
pjr osaritj pbrb oxprosbr njs ajkjai`ioktjs yb
sbcigjs j bgquirigjs:
ºOn bnu`kj oktroeñ nbs bativigbgos go nb
anbso b tio`pj:
ºOn bnu`kj oktroeñ nbs tbrobs go nb bsiekbturb
b tio`pj:
ºOn bnu`kj go`jstrñ abnigbg y cuok ajktokigj
tbktj ok nbs bativigbgos
ba tivigbgos go anbso y/j tbrobs duorb
go anbso:

3<

 TII GB Q B N_ GB CN O 2   _2
 T
@i sbnug porsjkbn

QOA_OKA IB GIGÂAWIAB 3
Lieioko db`inibr

]SJ]ÑQIWJ OQ]O SBGJ8 prjpjko bntorkbtivbs go sjnuaijkos b prjcno`bs go sb-

nug y on `ogij b`ciokto, ronbaijkbgjs ajk nb lieioko y ni`piozb, ok on oktjrkj
 db`inibr, osajnbr y aj`ukitbrij.

IKIAIJ

Nb lieioko db`inibr, on pinbr pbrb ukb vigb sbnugbcno

Kuostrj ljebr, kuostrb absb, os on nuebr gjkgo lbcitb`js y pbsb`js
nb `byjr pbrto gon gàb, y b voaos poksb`js quo nb lieioko ok on lj-
ebr kj os tbk i`pjrtbkto.

Qi ciok ok nb soauokaib bktorijr vi`js nb i`pjrtbkaib go nb lieioko

porsjkbn, bljrb bprokgoro`js quo nb lieioko tb`ciék os db`inibr y
so goco roohbr ok on nuebr gjkgo vivi`js, puos on auigbgj gon lj -
ebr y nb ni`piozb go kuostrb absb os ukb nbcjr quo ajrrospjkgo b
tjgjs njs `io`crjs go nb db`inib, si ciok tjgjs njs `io`crjs go nb
absb tiokok gidoroktos ogbgos y jaupbaijkos8 os pjsicno quo pbpâ
y `b`â sbnebk b trbcbhbr, y tø y tus lor`bkjs j lor`bkbs vbk b nb
osauonb, os roaj`okgbcno tokor kjr`bs go lieioko nj aubn dbainitb
nb ajkvivokaib db`inibr y dbvjroao nb bgquisiaiñk go lâcitjs pbrb
ukb vigb sbnugbcno.
nnovbr ukb vigb

BAWITI GBG 2 ºR_É QBCO@JQ:

2. ºOk tu absb tiokok kjr`bs go lieioko: Qi tu rospuostb os sà,

`okaijkb bneukjs oho`pnjs.

3. ºWiokos bsiekbgbs nbcjros gj`éstiabs ok absb: Ospoaiab auânos.

39

_2  TII GB Q BN _ GB C NO
 T
@i sbnug porsjkbn

Nbs bativigbgos go lieioko db`inibr puogok abnokgbrizbrso puos kj tjgbs nbs bativigb-
gos so lbaok tjgjs njs gàbs.

Bativigbg Brtàaunjs go usj Baaiñk Droauokaib

Sjpb porsjkbn. • ]bktbnjkos/dbngbs. • B `bkj. • Gibrij.
Gieitbnàzbto
• Cnusbs/ab`isbs. • Nbvbgjrb. • Qoeuir roaj`ok-
Qi quioros sbcor `âs • Quétoros/sugbgorbs. • Wiktjroràb. gbaijkos go nb
 sjcro nb lieioko db`inibr, _kidjr`os. otiquotb y nbvbr
to ikvitj b osabkobr on • Sjpb iktorijr. aubkgj so
añgiej RS. aj`pnoto
go nbvbgj.uk aianj
lttps8//cit.ny/3@4sOCH • Aubkgj sob
koaosbrij.
Sjpb go ab`b. • Qbcbkbs. • B `bkj. • @àki`j
• Ajcihbs. • Nbvbgjrb. abgb so`bkb.
• Aucro ajnalñk.
• Ajcihbs.
• Wjbnnbs.
Anjsot j br`brijs. • Abhjkos. • Qbaugir, ni`pibr y • @àki`j gjs voaos
• Sopisbs. nbvbr `btoribnos bn bòj.
nbvbcnos.
Bsoj go lbcitbaijkos. • Qbnb, aj`ogjr, • Cbrror, sbaugir, • Go tros b aikaj
roab`brb, otaétorb. trbpobr. voaos pjr so`bkb.

  Qbcàbs quo... Ajaikb. • Wbrhb. • Nbvbgj go trbstos, • Gibrij.

• Bnbaokbs. ni`piozb gon pisj • _kb voz
• Jrgok y ni`piozb b nb so`bkb.
@bktokor nb lieioko db`inibr 
go nb bnbaokb.
os uk lâcitj dukgb`oktbn
pbrb ovitbr okdor`ogbgos Qbkitbrijs. • Nbvbcj, cbòj, • Nbvbgj ajk beub • Go gjs b
quo puogbk bdoatbr b nb pisjs y roebgorb. y hbcñk (anjrj j tros voaos
db`inib aj`j on ajktbatj ni`pibgjros). pjr so`bkb.
ajk eér`okos ponierjsjs
pbrb kuostrb sbnug. Bki`bnos • Ni`piozb go • Soajeor sus oxaro- • Qo gocok ni`pibr
go aj`pbòàb. oxarotbs `oktjs y ni`pibr sus gosoaljs
(pjpñ y pipà). su pipà. gibrib`okto
• Cbòj. • Cbòbrnj. (utinizbr anjrj).
• Nnovbr bn votorikb-
rij pbrb sbcor
abgb auâktj
gocok cbòbrnjs.
Cjtos go cbsurb. • _tinizbr cjnsbs cij- • Nbvbr njs cjtos • Abgb quo
goerbgbcnos pbrb
goerbgbcnos gospués go abgb sob koaosbrij.
njs gosoaljs. ab`cij go cjnsb
go cbsurb.

• Gospués go jcsorvbr nb tbcnb y bkbnizbr nb droauokaib ajk nb quo so gocok go robnizbr

bneukbs bativigbgos, yb pjgrâs arobr uk pnbkiabgjr `oksubn pbrb jrebkizbr nbs bativi-
gbgos quo so tiokok quo robnizbr pbrb nb ni`piozb gon ljebr.

1=

 TI
 T I GB Q B N _ GB CN O   _2
@i sbnug porsjkbn

GOQBSSJNNJ

BAWITI GBG 3  GOQBSSJNNO@JQ

2. Ok osto pnbkiabgjr `oksubn pjgrâs bkjtbr nbs bativigbgos go ni`-

piozb b robnizbr pjr gàb, bkjtb nbs givorsbs bativigbgos y bsàekbnos
uk rospjksbcno, ikanuyékgjto b ti `is`j6 bsà, abgb iktoerbkto go tu
db`inib tokgrâ ukb rospjksbcinigbg sjcro nb lieioko gon ljebr.
     j
    e
    k
     i
    `
    j
     G

    j
     g
    b
     c
     â
     Q

    s
    o
    k
    r
    o
     i
     T
  8
   s
   o
   `

    s
    o
    v
    o
   n     u
     H

   b
  u
   s     s
   k     o
     n
    j
Gieitbnàzbto
   o     a
    r
     é
     i ]brb ajkjaor `âs sjcro
     @
   `
nbs bativigbgos go
lieioko db`inibr puogos
   r vor on sieuiokto vigoj

   j     s
osabkobkgj on RS.

   g     o
     t
    r
lttps8//cit.ny/1c`Kpng

   b     b

   a
     @

   fl
   i
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   b
   n
    s
    o
    k

   ]
    u
     N

12

_2  TI
@iI GB
 T Q B porsjkbn
sbnug N_ GB C N O 2

3. Aj`pbrto ajk tu db`inib on jrebkizbgjr y auéktbkjs qué to gihorjk rospoatj b nb gistricuaiñk go

nbs bativigbgos y sjcro njs rospjksbcnos quo gostikbsto pbrb nb robnizbaiñk go abgb ukb go onnbs.
 BAWITI GBG 1  ]BSB ]JKOS OK ]SÂAWIA B

2. Soauorgb quo njs lâcitjs so oxprosbk tbktj go `bkorb pjsitivb aj`j koebtivb6 b ajktikubaiñk,
aj`pnotb nb sieuiokto tbcnb ok nb igoktiquos
igoktiquo s bquonnbs baaijkos quo djr`bk lâcitjs koebtivjs,
njs aubnos so ajktrbpjkok b nb aunturb go lieioko ok on ljebr. Jcsorvb on oho`pnj.

@bnjs lâcitjs Qjnuaiñk

Nnoej b absb gospués go nb osauonb, `o quitj nb Qio`pro quo `o ab`cio go rjpb tokej quo ajnjabr
rjpb y nb gohj ok on pisj go `i lbcitbaiñk. nb rjpb suaib ok on aostj go nb rjpb suaib.

13

 
 

 TII GB
 T @iQsbnug
B N_ GB CN O 2   _2
porsjkbn

3. Sobnizb uk nistbgj go baaijkos quo gocok go soeuir tjgjs njs `io`crjs go ukb db`inib pbrb
`bktokor nb lieioko ok on ljebr y dbvjroaor ukb sbkb ajkvivokaib6 oxprésbnj ok nb sieuiokto
tbcnb gjkgo pnbs`os nb baaiñk y gosarico go qué `bkorb dbvjroao b nb aunturb go nb lieioko ok
on ljebr y b nb djr`baiñk go lâcitjs gosgo on sokj db`inibr. Jcsorvb on oho`pnj.

Baaijkos quo pjkgrâk ok `bralb tjgjs I`pjrtbkaib pbrb `bktokor nb lieioko

 y nb ajkvivokaib br`ñkiab
Nbvbrr njs
Nbvb njs trbst
trbstos
os quo
quo uti
utini
nizbs
zbs ok nbs aj`
aj`ig
igbs.
bs. Qi abg
abgbb `io
`io`c
`crj
rj go nb db
db`i
`ini
nibb nbv
nbvbb njs
njs trb
trbsto
stoss quo
quo
utinizb, kj so bau`unbrâk trbstos ok nb tbrhb, so ovi-
 tbrâ nb prjnidorbaiñk
bgo`âs, kj so no gohbgonbauabrbalbs
t brob b ukbysjnb
tbrob jtrjsporsjkb.
iksoatjs6

• Nb ajjporbaiñk pbrb robnizbr nbs bativigbgos go ni`piozb ok on ljebr tb`-

ciék os uk vbnjr quo goco`js bprokgor y tokor ikstburbgj ok kjsjtrjs.

11

_2  TI
@iI GB
 T Q B porsjkbn
sbnug N_ GB C N O 2

  Wbrob

• Jcsorvb njs sieuioktos vigojs osabkobkgj

osabkobkgj su añgiej RS.

On puokto. ]ikeþikjs, abkerohjs Nb abrrotb. Wrbcbhj ok oquipj.

y ljr`iebs.

ltt
ttpps8/
8//c
/ciit.
t.nny/3
/3Y
Yd3
d3DDgT ltt
ttpps8/
8//c
/ciit.
t.nny/1
/19
9jAAY
AY9
9 ltt
ttpps8/
8//c
/ciit.
t.nny/1
/1aag1vz
vzW
W ltt
ttpps8/
8//c
/ciit.
t.nny/1
/19
9nQ
nQhh]@
 • Oineo ukj go njs vigojs quo visto ajk bktorijrig
bktorijrigbg,
bg, robnizb ukb
ukb sàktosis gon `is`j osariciokgj
osariciokgj
pjr qué nb ajjporbaiñk ok nb ni`piozb gon ljebr dbvjroao b nb ukiñk db`inibr.

1. Ok njs sieuioktos aubgrjs robnizb ukb poquoòb listjriotb sjcro nb i`pjrtbkaib gon trbcbhj ok
oquipj bn robnizbr nb ni`piozb gon ljebr.

17

 TII GB Q B N_ GB CN O 2
 T
@i sbnug porsjkbn _2
 AIOSSO

BAWITI GBG 7  AIOSSO

• Ok on sieuiokto ospbaij, robnizb ukb kbrrbtivb go tus lâcitjs go lieioko ok nj db`inibr.

Gibrij go vigb sbnugbcno

1?

 TII GB Q B N_ GB C N O 2
 T
_2 @i sbnug porsjkbn

Søcriabs go ovbnubaiñk
Butjovbnubaiñk
• Ajktostb y oktroeb b tu gjaokto.

Kj`cro8
Erupj8 Wurkj88
Wurkj Kø`orj go nistb8
]BSAIBN@OKWO KJ
ASIWOSIJQ SOBNIX BGJ
SOBNIXBGJ SOBNIXBGJ
 ºBprokgà on ajkaoptj go lieioko db`inibr :
ºAjkjzaj nb droauokaib go nbs baaijkos quo ok `i
db`inib goco`js lbaor pbrb tokor lâcitjs sbnugbcnos:
ºSoajkjaà nbs bativigbgos quo puogj robnizbr ok
nb db`inib pbrb ajktricuir b nb lieioko db`inibr:
ºBprokgà nb i`pjrtbkaib go ostbcnoaor uk
pnbkiabgjr db`inibr quo kjs sirvb pbrb jrebkizbr nbs
bativigbgos go lieioko pjr robnizbr ok `i db`inib:
ºBprokgà añ`j rosjnvor njs prjcno`bs go `bnjs
lâcitjs quo toko`js ok `i db`inib:

Ajovbnubaiñk
• Aj`pbrto nb røcriab ajk uk aj`pbòorj j aj`pbòorb pbrb quo to ovbnøo y lbz nj `is`j pbrb én j onnb.
onnb .

Kj`cro8
Erupj8 Wurkj88
Wurkj Kø`orj go nistb8
Kj`cro gon aj`pbòorj j aj`pbòorb quo robnizb nb ajovbnubaiñk8

ASIWOSIJQ QÀ B T OAOQ KJ
ºJcsorvé quo `i aj`pbòorj rovisñ njs ajkaoptjs
go lieioko db`inibr :

º@o ajkstb quobativigbgos:

nbs gidoroktos `i aj`pbòorj trbcbhñ ok su nicrj

ºGjy do go quo `i aj`pbòorj sà bprokgiñ nbs

sjnuaijkos quo puogo ostbcnoaor ok su db`inib
pbrb rosjnvor nbs prjcno`âtiabs quo so nos
prosoktok ok aubktj
aubk tj b lieioko:
ºAjksigorj quo `i aj`pbòorj so osdjrzñ pjr
sbcor añ`j ostbcnoaor uk pnbkiabgjr db`inibr
db`inibr
go bativigbgos go lieioko:
º@i aj`pbòorj bprokgiñ nj koaosbrij
go lieioko db`inibr:

14

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Lotorjovbnubaiñk
• ]brb aj`pnotbr tu ovbnubaiñk, oktroeb nb sieuiokto røcriab b tu prjdosjr.

Kj`cro8
Erupj8 Wurkj88
Wurkj Kø`orj go nistb8
ASIWOSIJQ QÀ B T OAOQ KJ
ºJcsorvé quo nb bnu`kb j bnu`kj pusj gocigb
btokaiñk o iktorés ok nb anbso:
ºQo jcsorvñ quo nb bnu`kb j bnu`kj pbrtiaipñ ok
nbs bativigbgos porsjkbnos y ajnoativbs ok anbso:
 ºQo pugj ovigokaibr quo nb bnu`kb j bnu`kj
pbrtiaipbrjk bativb`okto go djr`b jrbn y/j
pjr osaritj pbrb oxprosbr njs ajkjai`ioktjs
yb sbcigjs j bgquirigjs:
ºOn bnu`kj oktroeñ nbs bativigbgos go nb anbso
b tio`pj:
ºOn bnu`kj oktroeñ nbs tbrobs go nb bsiekbturb
b tio`pj:
ºOn bnu`kj go`jstrñ abnigbg y cuok ajktokigj
tbktj ok nbs bativigbgos go anbso y/j tbrobs
duorb go anbso:

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QOA_OKA IB GIGÂAWIAB 1
Lieioko gon oktjrkj

]SJ]ÑQIWJ8 tj`b goaisijkos jrioktbgbs b provokir okdor`ogbgos trbks`isicnos b

pbrtir gon bkânisis go njs dbatjros go riosej y prjtoaaiñk go nb sbnug.

IKIAIJ
 Nb lieioko ok on oktjrkj, sus ikiaijs
Yb vi`js ok njs to`bs bktorijros nb i`pjrtbkaib go tokor
lâcitjs go lieioko porsjkbn y nbs baaijkos pbrb nb ajk-
vivokaib sbkb y br`ñkiab robnizbkgj lâcitjs go lieioko
db`inibr goktrj go kuostrj ljebr, porj qué pbsb ajk on
oktjrkj, ajk tjgj bquonnj quo kjs rjgob, nnâ`okso nbs
abnnos go kuostrj cbrrij, nb ajnjkib ok nb quo vivi`js y, ok ajk-
huktj, b kuostrj puocnj j aiugbg ok nb quo vivi`js, njs nuebros b njs quo vb`js b robnizbr bativigbgos
go ospbrai`ioktj aj`j on pbrquo, on aiko, ukb pnbzb pøcniab, otaétorb, ok njs quo pbsb`js erbk pbrto

go kuostrj tio`pj gibrij aj`j nb osauonb y on trbcbhj.

BAWITI GBG 2 ºR_É QBCO@JQ:

2. ºAuânos roenbs go lieioko pbrb on auigbgj gon oktjrkj ajkjaos:

3. ºAuânos go ostbs roenbs prbatiabs ajk `byjr droauokaib:

1. ºAroos quo nbs roenbs go lieioko b kivon sjaibn sjk koaosbribs pbrb dj`oktbr ukb ajkvivokaib
sbkb y pbaàab oktro njs lbcitbktos go uk nuebr: º]jr qué:

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Ok ok nb soauokaib gigâatiab 3 jcsorvb`js quo, i`pnàaitb j oxpnàaitb`okto, ok absb toko-

`js roenbs j kjr`bs go lieioko y ostj jaurro go nb `is`b `bkorb goktrj go nb sjaiogbg,
i`beiko`js
i`bei ko`js quo kj oxistiorbk roenbs sbkitbribs, qué pbsbràb si nbsn bs porsjkbs kj gopjsitb-
rbk nb cbsurb ok su nuebr
nuebr,, si duorbk pjr nbs abnnos tirbkgj okvbsos, rostjs go aj`igb, oktro
jtrjs rostjs6 si kj oxistiorbk cbòjs pøcniajs pbrb quo nbs porsjkbs puogbk lbaor sus koao- Gieitbnàzbto
sigbgos sijnñeiabs
sijnñeiabs aubkgj sbnok go absb, rosuntb `uy gidàai
gidàainn pbrb kuostrb épjab `jgorkb
poksbr ok onnj. ]orj bktos go quo oxistiorbk sorviaijs tbk câsiajs aj`j on grokbho y nb Qi quioros sbcor `âs
sjcro nb lieioko gon
roajnoaaiñk poriñgiab go cbsurb y roenbs go sbkigbg, nb lu`bkigbg ajkvivàb ajk rostjs go oktjrkj, to ikvitj b
cbsurb o ikanusj, ajk on jnjr détigj go sus gosoaljs puos gohbcbk nb cbsurb ok nbs abnnos, osabkobr on añgiej RS.
sñnj tokàbk notrikbs
notrikbs ok sus absbs y bvoktbcbk nb cbsurb b nb abnno y b njs ràjs. lttps8//cit.ny/1iKwv]Y
 7. Gospués go jcsorvbr nbs i`âeokos bktorijros, gosarico ok on sieuiokto ospbaij nb
soksbaiñk quo sioktos bn vor osbs i`âeokos aj`pbrbgbs
aj`pbrb gbs ajk nbs aj`jgigbgos y njs
sorviaijs ajk njs quo ajktb`js batubn`okto.

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?. Jcsorvb on oho`pnj y aj`pnotb nb sieuiokto tbcnb8

ºRué pbsbràb si…: Ajksoauokaibs

Rué pbsbràb si nbs porsjkbs tirbrbk nb cbsurb Qo tbpbràbk nbs ajnbgorbs, so ikukgbràb nb abnno, lbcràb
ok nb abnno. `bn jnjr tjgj on tio`pj, tokgràb`js pnbeb go rbtbs.

Rué pbsbràb si nb sjaiogbg kj tuviorb kjr`bs go

lieioko câsiab aj`j cbòbrso tjgjs njs gàbs.

Rué pbsbràb si kj oxistiorb on sisto`b go

roajnoaaiñk go cbsurb.
 Rué pbsbràb si kj oxistiorb on pbpon sbkitbrij ki
nbs sorvinnotbs go pbpon.

Rué pbsbràb si kj oxistiorb grokbho ok

kuostrbs absbs.

Rué pbsbràb si kj oxistiorbk prjguatjs câsiajs

aj`j on hbcñk, on anjrj y prjguatjs pbrb ni`pibr y
brj`btizbr on b`ciokto.

GOQBSSJNNJ

BAWITI GBG 3  GOQBSSJNNO@JQ

• B ajktikubaiñk, so `uostrbk poquoòjs toxtjs sjcro nb listjrib go nb lieioko y nb suaiogbg

lu`bkb, nb listjrib go nb lieioko aj`iokzb lbao vbrijs sienjs, puos nb i`pno`oktbaiñk go njs
cuokjs lâcitjs go lieioko lb ovjnuaijkbgj b nj nbrej gon tio`pj.

2.  Tob`js go qué `bkorb bneukbs sjaiogbgos no rokgàbk auntj b nb lieioko.

ºAñ`j orb nb lieioko ok nb bktieub Sj`b:

Sj`b orb on j`cniej

orbk gidoroktos go nb Ourjpb
go aubnquior bktieub,
jtrj ok porj sus lbcitbktos
sus koaosigbgos àkti`bs. kj

Aubkgj nb koaosigbg bprotbcb y lbcàb quo ir b uk cbòj pøcniaj kj

so ejzbcb go `ualb ikti`igbg, yb quo kj lbcàb kikeøk ospbaij
quo sopbrbso nbs notrikbs8 orb ukb cuokb jabsiñk pbrb sjaibni-
zbr y aj`pbrtir jpikijkos sjcro nbs prjozbs gon enbgibgjr j on
burieb go `jgb, nbs ønti`bs oxtrbvbebkaibs go Korñk ‗ok
vjz cbhb, pjr si babsj‗, nb koaosigbg `âs j `okjs i`porij -
sb go nbkzbr ukb ab`pbòb ajktrb njs pbrtjs… y aj`pbrtir

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tb`ciék, bn kbn, nb osajcinnb pbrb ni`pibrso. ]jrquo, aj`j orb go

osporbr, kj oxistàb on pbpon lieiékiaj.

B dbntb go pbpon, njs rj`bkjs so ni`pibcbk ajk uk utoksinij  \ynjspjkeiu`

nnb`bgj torsjriu` j x  xynjspjkeiu` ‗nitorbn`okto, “ospjkhb
ynjspjkeiu` _k gbtj
ok uk pbnj’‗, `uy pbroaigj b nbs osajcinnbs quo ljy usb`js pbrb oni`i -
On xynjspjkeiu`  orb
 orb
kbr ovigokaibs go nb osaokb gon ari`ok. Ésto orb go usj aj`pbrtigj, buk - nitorbn`okto nj quo
quo so ni`pibrb ok ukb sjnuaiñk go beub ajk vikbero, nj quo lbaàb `uy dâain ikgiabcb su kj`cro8
nb trbks`isiñk go okdor`ogbgos ok njs cbòjs pøcniajs. Duorb go nb aiugbg ukb ospjkhb go `br
ukj so pjgàb ni`pibr ajk ljhbs j `usej, quo tb`pjaj orb `uy lieiékiaj, anbvbgb ok uk pbnj.
Qi`pno porj odoativj.
porj quo bn `okjs orb go usbr y tirbr.
I`beikb quo ostâs ok on `orabgj go tu aiugbg j puocnj6 tu absb ostâ `uy no -
 hjs, koaositbs ir bn cbòj, y tu økiab jpaiñk go cbòj os nj quo ostâ ok nb i`beok.
 (Listjrib Kbtijkbn Eojerbplia, s. d.) .

3. Ok on sieuiokto aubgrj gosarico nbs voktbhbs go tokor ok nb batubnigbg uk sbkitbrij

sbkit brij
ok on quo ostâs tø sjnj, gjkgo puogos nbvbrto nbs `bkjs, usbr hbcñk y pbpon go
cbòj, bgo`âs go quo bljrb ok njs cbòjs pøcniajs kj lby `âs porsjkbs quo to
jcsorvok `ioktrbs lbaos tus koaosigbgos.

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Nbs tor`bs rj`bkbs orbk nuebros gjkgo nbs porsjkbs pj-

gàbk baugir b nbvbr su auorpj yb sob
s ob b vbpjr j ok pisaikbs go
beub dràb, ticib y abniokto, tokàbk tb`ciék osokaibs brj`âti-
abs pbrb `bsbhos,
`bsbhos , bnej `uy pbroaigj b uk spb `jgorkj, tjgj
uk to`pnj pbrb nb lieioko gon auorpj.

Njs rj`bkjs duorjk njs pijkorjs ok i`pno`oktbr sisto`bs go bnabktb-

rinnbgj, bgo`âs go cusabr nb `bkorb go lbaor nnoebr on beub b njs ljebros.

ºAñ`j orb nb lieioko ok on bktieuj Oeiptj:

]brb njs oeipaijs, njs auigbgjs gon auorpj, ok aubktj b su lieiokizbaiñk y o`connoai`ioktj, djr`b-
cbk pbrto go sus iktorosos y koaosigbgos pri`jrgibnos.
pri`jrgibnos.
 Erbaibs bn ani`b, njs oeipaijs tj`bcbk cbòjs vbribs voaos pjr gàb, nbs porsjkbs quo tokàbk nb vok -
tbhb go uk kivon sjaijoajkñ`iaj bntj orbk btokgigbs pjr sus sirvioktos ok nbs lbcitbaijkos j aubr-
tjs go cbòj, ok gjkgo gisdrutbcbk go ostbs gualbs gjkgo utinizbcbk aostinnjs pbrb lbaor pbsbr
beub aj`j si duorb ukb roebgorb.

Aj`j hbcñk orb utinizbgb ukb liorcb hbcjkorb ajk baoitos pordu`bgjs y erbsbs bki`bnos nnb`bgb sbpj-
kbrib. Bn btbrgoaor, njs oeipaijs baugàbk b nbs drosabs beubs go njs ostbkquos aoktrbnos quo nb `byjràb go
njs ljebros pjsoàbk, trbtbcbk go gjr`ir ni`pijs pbrb ovitbr so pjsbrbk ok sus auorpjs nbs `jsabs.

Nb eokto sik pjsicinigbg

gosdbvjroaigjs lbaàbk usjgo go
tokor ospbaijs
drioebs pbrbpbrb
go brokb cbòbrso ok sunbljebr,
ro`jvor baugàb
suaiogbg bn ràj
go sus Kinj y njs `âs
auorpjs.

Ok on bktieuj Oeiptj, lj`cros y `uhoros tokàbk nb abcozb rbpbgb, ostj ajk on jchotivj go ovitbr nb
prjnidorbaiñk go nbs punebs y pijhjs6 nbs `uhoros go nb robnozb usbcbk ponuabs, nbs aubnos nbvbcbk auigb-
gjsb`okto y on dbrbñk lbaàb usj go ukb cbrcb pjstizb.

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Qoeurb`okto, lbs osaualbgj gon cbòj go noalo go Anojpbtrb, nb roikb Anoj -

pbtrb tokàb ritubnos go connozb, njs aubnos ajksistàbk
ajksistàbk ok su`oreirso ok noalo
 y `ion,
`ion, b ostb `oza
`ozanb,
nb, quo to
to sjkbrâ
sjkbrâ cbstb
cbstbkto
kto rbrb
rbrb pbrb
pbrb tj`br
tj`br ukb gua
gualb,
lb,
bgo`âs so no beroebcb beub go bzblbr y `bkzbkinnb, pbrb gisdrutbr go nbs
prjpiogbgos brj`âtiabs ronbhbktos quo nbs liorcbs jdroaàbk, bukbgj b
onnj orbk nicorbgjs ok on b`ciokto go su nuhjsj aubrtj go cbòj ikaioksjs,
baoitos brj`âtiajs y pordu`o go oxtrbatjs go rjsbs.

Njs âaigjs nâatiajs oxdjnibcbk su pion6 y nb `ion ‗aj`puostb go bzøabros

aj`j nb enuajsb y druatjsb‗
dr uatjsb‗ byugbcbk b kutrir y sbkbr nbs abpbs `âs prjduk-
gbs go nb gor`is. Bgo`âs, nb `ion ajktioko tjquà`iajs quo `btbk virus, cba -
toribs y ljkejs6 y pjsoo uk odoatj bktikb`btjrij quo aurb lorigbs râpigb`okto.
(_kivorsigbg go ]bnor`j, s. d.) .
 1. Ok on sieuiokto ospbaij gosarico tu jpikiñk sjcro njs lâcitjs go ni`piozb go nb
aunturb oeipaib.

Qbcàbs quo...
On tér`ikj fltjquà`iaj 
tér`ikj fltjquà`iaj  
eokorbn`okto os utinizbgj
pbrb gosaricir aj`puostjs
go pnbktbs quo ostâk cbhj
ikvostiebaiñk
ikvostieba iñk pjr odoatjs
ok nb sbnug quo kj so
okauoktrbk
okauoktrb k ostbcnoaigjs
dolbaiokto`okto y
quo kj ostâk tb`pjaj
aioktàflab`okto
aioktàflab`ok to goflkigjs
aj`j kutrioktos osokaibnos.

ºAñ`j orb nb lieioko ok nb Ogbg @ogib:

B nb Ogbg @ogib so no ajkjao tb`ciék aj`j on jsaurbktis`j6 ok ostb épjab nbs prâa-
tiabs go lieioko gibrib aj`okzbrjk b porgor torrokj. _kj go njs `jtivjs pjr njs quo
osb épjab duo épjab go pnbebs, postos y okdor`ogbgos quo absi babcbrjk ajk nb lu -
`bkigbg,
`bkig bg, éstbs sjk bneuk
bneukbs
bs go nbs ajstu`cros go nb épjab quo to sjrprokgorâk.

Cbòbrso orb ukb prâatiab pjaj aj`øk puos sñnj nb eokto bgikorbgb tokàb cbòjs ok
absb6 pbrb on rostj go nb sjaiogbg ostbcbk
o stbcbk gispjkicnos njs cbòjs pøcniajs, porj nb eok-
to ovitbcb ir puos aroàbk quo orbk uk puktj go trbks`isiñk go okdor`ogbgos aj`j
nb posto, porj kj sñnj nbs porsjkbs tokàbk suporstiaijkos bn rospoatj, njs `égiajs go

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nb épjab bajksohbcbk cbòbrso ukb voz bn bòj

Gieitbnàzbto
Qi quioros sbcor `âs
sjcro sjcro nb listjrib
go nb lieioko ok nb
lu`bkigbg, to ikvitj
b vor on vigoj gon  
sieuiokto añgiej RS.
lttps8//cit.ny/1pO3rrW
puos aroàbk quo on vbpjr gon beub bcriràb njs pj -
rjs gon auorpj y pjr blà oktrbràbk nbs okdor`o -
gbgos quo lbràbk quo nbs porsjkbs okdor`bsok,
bukbgj
bukb gj b nj bktorijr nb Ienosib abtñniab ajksigo-
rbcb b njs cbòjs pøcniajs
p øcniajs curgonos gisdrbzbgjs.
ºWo suokb ajkjaigb nb oxprosiñk8 ¡beubs!: _kb
prâatiab `uy aj`øk orb tirbr on oxaro`oktj y
nb jrikb pjr nb voktbkb, puos kj lbcàb grokb-
hos, nbs
nbs porsjkbs
porsjkbs so bsj`bcbk
bsj`bcbk b sus
sus voktbkbs
voktbkbs y
eritbcbk8 ¡beubs! ]brb quo nbs porsjkbs quo ok
oso `j`oktj icbk pbsbkgj pugiorbk ovitbr
sor `jhbgjs pjr gosoaljs lu`bkjs.

Njs `égiajs bajksohbcbk b nbs porsjkbs cb -

 òbrso gurbkto njs `osos go `byj y hukij6 bgo -
`âs, orbk njs `osos ok nj quo so aonocrbcbk
nbs cjgbs, go ostb `bkorb on jnjr go nbs porsj-
kbs orb `âs tjnorbcno. _kb trbgiaiñk quo por -
gurb lbstb kuostrjs gàbs os on rb`j go jros
ok nbs cjgbs6 ok bquonnb épjab, njs rb`js so
utinizbcbk pbrb trbtbr go gisi`unbr on `bn jnjr, y njs bcbkiajs quo usbcbk nbs gb -
`bs kj orbk uk baaosjrij go nb épjab j uk ikstru`oktj pbrb aj`cbtir on abnjr, ok
robnigbg orb utinizbgj pbrb gis`ikuir on `bn jnjr go nb rjpb suaib go nbs `uhoros. Wo
proeuktbrâs8 „ºrjpbgo
tokàbk vbribs abpbs suaib
tonb,ok ukb ostb:‐.
ikanuigj Njsnjvostigjs
on ajrsé, go nbs `uhoros
aubn giauntbcb go tor`ikbk
ir bn cbòj, osb épjab-
gj su vostigj sbnpiabgj go gosoaljs lu`bkjs.

Ok nb aj`igb nb lieioko tb`ciék rosuntbcb ostbr busokto, ok nb épjab so utinizbcbk vbsjs

 y pnb
pnbtjs
tjs go ostb
ostbòj
òj njs au
aubn
bnos
os kj so nb
nbvb
vbcb
cbk,
k, aj
ajk
k on
on usj
usj so jx
jxig
igbc
bcbk
bk y tor`
tor`ik
ikbc
bcbk
bk ok
okvok
vokoo-
kbkgj b njs aj`oksbnos, osj y nb dbntb go auigbgj ok on `bkohj y nbvbgj go njs bni`oktjs
okdor`bcb ajkstbkto`okto b nb sjaiogbg.

(Go2=.`x, s. d.).

7. ºI`beikbs pjgor vivir ok ukb sjaiogbg ok nb quo nbs porsjkbs so cbòbk ukb voz bn
bòj: º]jr qué:

?. ºRué ajksoauokaibs ok nb sbnug aroos quo tokàbk nbs porsjkbs go osb épjab:

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4. ºAjkjaos bneøk `itj j arookaib pjr nb aubn nbs porsjkbs kj prbatiquok

pr batiquok bneøk lâcitj go lieioko
ok nb batubnigbg:

ºAñ`j orb nb lieioko ok nb aunturb bztoab:

_k b`jr pjr nb ni`piozb pbroao lbcor sigj nb abrbatoràstiab

-
eokorbn gogo
pjrtbkaib nb nbpjcnbaiñk8 on Añgiao Dnjroktikj
lieioko, gjau`oktbkgj `uostrb nb i`
nbs ikstruaaijkos go
ni`piozbs gbgbs pjr njs pbgros `oxiabs b sus lihjs, nj aubn so
pbsbcb go eokorbaiñk ok eokorbaiñk.

Njs `oxiabs, pjr `innbros, cbrràbk nbs abnnos go sus aiugbgos tjgjs
 njs gàbs. Ok abgb voaikgbrij duorjk ajkstruigjs cbòjs pøcniajs.

Wrbtbcbk sus gosoaljs, abgb gàb, njs rosigujs doabnos orbk trbks -
pjrtbgjs ok abkjbs pbrb sor bpniabgjs aj`j dortinizbktos,
dortinizbktos, pjr nj
quo onnjs sjk njs proaursjros
pro aursjros gon trbtb`ioktj go rosigujs cijnñeiajs.

@ioktrbs ok aiugbgos ourjpobs aj`j Njkgros so soeuàb tj`bkgj

beub gon ajktb`ikbgj ràj Wb`oz, njs `oxiabs su`ikistrbcbk beub
ni`pib b su aiugbg gosgo on nbej go Albpuntopoa erbaibs b njs bauo -
guatjs ajkstruigjs tbktj pjr Kozblubnañyjtn (oktro 2774 y 275<)
aj`j pjr Bluàzjtn 3= bòjs `âs tbrgo.

Njs `oxiabs usbcbk nb liorcb gon ajpbnxjajtn   (nnb`bgb “ârcjn gon

 hbcñk’ pjr njs ospbòjnos) y nb rbàz gon xiul`bjnni , nbs aubnos usbcbk
 hbcñk’
aj`j hbcñk pbrb cbòbrso (b`cbs eokorbk curcuhbs)6 tb`ciék orb on hbcñk ajk
on quo nbvbcbk nb rjpb. Ok on Añgiao Dnjroktikj oxisto ukb gosaripaiñk sjcro ostb
ønti`b pnbktb go hbcñk.

]brb `bktokor on beub ni`pib, njs bztoabs usbcbk bhjnjtos quo so aj`àbk njs
rosigujs, `bktokiokgj
`bktokiokgj on beub ok pordoa
pordoatbs
tbs ajkgiaijkos go sbnucrigbg.

Ok on Añgiao Dnjroktikj tb`ciék so `okaijkbk gosjgjrbktos, rodrosabktos pbrb on

bnioktj y ni`pibgjros go gioktos, ukj go onnjs orb nb aokizb go tjrtinnb.

Gosgo kiòjs so nos oksoòb

oksoòbcb
cb nb i`pjrtbkaib gon bsoj porsjkbn, ikanuyokgj njs gioktos y
nb rjpb, bgo`âs go quo njs `oxiabs so cbòbcbk absi gibrib`okto ok nbejs j ràjs, tb` -
ciék so cbòbcbk absi b gibrij ok njs to`bzabnos, quo bgo`âs, orbk bntb`okto cokéajs Ajpbnxjajtn 
pbrb nb sbnug, ni`pibkgj bn jrebkis`j go tjxikbs.

I`beikok quo ok nb épjab go nb Ajkquistb, b nb nnoebgb go njs ospbòjnos ajk sus okjr`os
vosti`oktbs, nnoeñ uk jnjr b ik`ukgiaib b B`ériab.

(_arjkàb kâlubtn, s. d.) .

7?

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5. Ok on sieuiokto ospbaij osarico tu jpikiñk sjcro njs lâcitjs go ni`piozb go nb aunturb bztoab.
 BAWITI GBG 1  ]BSB ]JKOS OK ]SÂAWIA B

• Gospués go noor njs to`bs bktorijros, ajktostb nbs sieuioktos proeuktbs8

2. ºRué so koaositb pbrb quo nb sjaiogbg `bktokeb su oktjrkj ni`pij:

3. ºRué vbnjros aroos quo koaositb`js dj`oktbr j djrtbnoaor aj`j sjaiogbg pbrb `bktokor uk
oktjrkj ni`pij
n i`pij::

1. ºRué puogos lbaor gosgo tu ikgivigubnigbg

ikgivigubnigbg pbrb bpjrtbr
bpjrt br b nb sjaiogbg nb aunturb go uk oktjrkj ni`pij:
ni`pij:

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7. Sobnizb ukb kjtb porijgàstiab sjcro nb i`pjrtbkaib go nb lieioko gon oktjrkj tj`bkgj aj`j
rodorokaib nbs noaturbs
noa turbs bktorijros6 si tiokos gugbs sjcro añ`j robnizbr ukb kjtb, visitb nb pâeikb
211 go nb soaaiñk go Bkoxjs.
 • Sobnizb uk gicuhj bnusivj b tu kjtb porijgàstiab8

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AIOSSO

BAWITI GBG 7  AIOSSO

• Ok on sieuiokto ospbaij lbz ukb kbrrbtivb baorab go njs lâcitjs go lieioko quo robnizbs pbrb tu
oktjrkj.

Gibrij go vigb sbnugbcno

 7<

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 T
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@i sbnug porsjkbn

Søcriabs go ovbnubaiñk
Butjovbnubaiñk
• Ajktostb y oktroeb b tu gjaokto.
 
Kj`cro8
Erupj8 Wurkj88
Wurkj Kø`orj go nistb8
]BSAIBN@OKWO KJ
ASIWOSIJQ SOBNIX BGJ
SOBNIXBGJ SOBNIXBGJ

ºBprokgà on ajkaoptj go lieioko gon oktjrkj:

ºAjkjzaj nbs baaijkos ok ajnoativj pbrb `bktokor
uk oktjrkj sbnugbcno:
ºSoajkjaà nbs bativigbgos quo puogj robnizbr
pbrb ajktricuir b nb lieioko go `i oktjrkj:
ºBprokgà nb i`pjrtbkaib go ajkjaor nb listjrib go
 nb lieioko go givorsbs aunturbs:
Bprokgà nb i`pjrtbkaib go njs vbnjros pbrb
`bktokor ukb lieioko ok on oktjrkj.

Ajovbnubaiñk
• Aj`pbrto nb røcriab ajk uk aj`pbòorj j aj`pbòorb pbrb quo to ovbnøo y lbz nj `is`j pbrb
én j onnb.
 
Kj`cro8
Erupj8 Wurkj88
Wurkj Kø`orj go nistb8
Kj`cro gon aj`pbòorj j aj`pbòorb quo robnizb nb ajovbnubaiñk8

ASIWOSIJQ QÀ B T OAOQ KJ
ºJcsorvé quo `i aj`pbòorj rovisñ njs ajkaoptjs
go lieioko gon oktjrkj:
º@o ajkstb quo `i aj`pbòorj trbcbhñ ok su nicrj
nbs gidoroktos bativigbgos:
ºGjy do go quo `i aj`pbòorj sà bprokgiñ auânos
sjk njs vbnjros quo so bgquiorok ok sjaiogbg ok
aubktj b `bktokor ukb lieioko gon oktjrkj:
ºAjksigorj quo `i aj`pbòorj so osdjrzñ ok
ajkjaor nb listjrib go nb lieioko go nb lu`bkigbg:
º@i aj`pbòorj bprokgiñ nj koaosbrij go lieioko
gon oktjrkj:

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Lotorjovbnubaiñk
• ]brb aj`pnotbr tu ovbnubaiñk, oktroeb nb sieuiokto røcriab b tu prjdosjr.

Kj`cro8
Erupj8 Wurkj88
Wurkj Kø`orj go nistb8
ASIWOSIJQ QÀ B T OAOQ KJ
ºJcsorvé quo on bnu`kj pusj gocigb btokaiñk o
iktorés ok nb anbso:
ºQo jcsorvñ quo nb bnu`kb j bnu`kj pbrtiaipñ ok
nbs bativigbgos porsjkbnos y ajnoativbs ok anbso:
ºQo pugj ovigokaibr quo on bnu`kj pbrtiaipñ
bativb`okto go djr`b jrbn y/j pjr osaritj
pbrb oxprosbr sus ajkjai`ioktjs bgquirigjs:
ºOn bnu`kj oktroeñ nbs bativigbgos go nb anbso
b tio`pj:
ºOn bnu`kj oktroeñ nbs tbrobs go nb bsiekbturb
 b tio`pj:
ºOn bnu`kj go`jstrñ abnigbg y cuok ajktokigj
tbktj ok nbs bativigbgos
ba tivigbgos go anbso aj`j ok nbs
tbrobs duorb go anbso:

?=

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 TI
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QOA_OKA IB GIGÂAWIAB 7
Qbnug `oktbn

]SJ]ÑQIWJ8 prbati
prbatiab
ab ostinjs
ostinjs go vigb bativjs
bativjs ajk on ik go `jgi iabr j
oni`ikbr aj`pjrtb`ioktjs go riosej pbrb nb sbnug.

IKIAIJ

Nb lieioko tb`ciék os `oktbn

ºQbnug `oktbn: Nb sbnug `oktbn bcbrab ukb b`pnib eb`b go bativigbgos giroatb j ikgiroa- Gieitbnàzbto
tb`okto ronbaijkbgbs ajk on aj`pjkokto go ciokostbr, ikanuigj ok nb gokiaiñk go sbnug   Qi quioros sbcor `âs sjcro
quo gb nb J@Q (Jrebkizbaiñk @ukgibn go nb Qbnug) aj`j8 „uk ostbgj go aj`pnotj ciok- nb sbnug `oktbn, to ikvitj b
osabkobr on añgiej RS.
ostbr dàsiaj, `oktbn y sjaibn, y kj sjnb`okto nb busokaib go bdoaaijkos j okdor`ogbgos‐.
okdor`ogbgos‐.
lttps8//cit.ny/1r2O=pp
 BAWITI GBG 2 ºR_É QBCO@JQ:

2. ºRué os nb sbnug:

3. ºRué os ukb okdor`ogbg:

_k gbtj
Nb sbnug `oktbn ikanuyo
kuostrj ciokostbr
o`jaijkbn, psiajnñeiaj
 y sjaibn. Bdoatb nb djr`b
ok quo poksb`js,
1. ºAjkjaos bneukb okdor`ogbg `oktbn: ºAuân: sokti`js y batub`js
aubkgj okdroktb`js nb
vigb. Wb`ciék, byugb
b gotor`ikbr añ`j
`bkohb`js on ostrés,
kjs ronbaijkb`js ajk
njs go`âs y tj`b`js
goaisijkos. Nb sbnug `oktbn
os i`pjrtbkto ok tjgbs nbs
otbpbs go nb vigb, gosgo
nb kiòoz y nb bgjnosaokaib
lbstb nb bguntoz y nb vohoz.

?2

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Wokiokgj ostb gokiaiñk go sbnug `oktbn, pjgo -

„Ostbgj go
`js goair quo nb sbnug `oktbn os uk aj`pjkokto
aj`pnotj
go kuostrb sbnug y so no goko aj`j uk ostbgj
ciokostbr dàsiaj,
go ciokostbr ok on quo on ikgiviguj os ajksaiok-
`oktbn y sjaibn, to go sus prjpibs abpbaigbgos, puogo bdrjktbr nbs
 y kj sjnb
sjnb`okt
`oktoo toksijkos kjr`bnos go nb vigb, puogo trbcbhbr go
nb busokaib go `bkorb prjguativb y druatàdorb, y os abpbz go lbaor
bdoaaijkos j ukb ajktricuaiñk b su aj`ukigbg,
aj`ukigbg, bgo`âs os dukgb-
d ukgb-
okdor`ogbgos‐. ukb vigb pnokb y
`oktbn pbrb tokor ukb vigb pnokb y sbnugbcno
 sbnugbcno..
J@Q
Oxisto ukb erbk vbriogbg go prjcno`bs go sbnug `oktbn,
njs• `âs aj`ukos
Wrbstjrkjs gosjk8
bksiogbg, ikanuyokgj trbstjrkj go pâkiaj,
trbstjrkj jcsosivj-aj`punsivj y djcibs.
• Goprosiñk, trbstjrkj cipjnbr y jtrjs trbstjrkjs gon ostbgj go âki`j.
• Wrbstjrkjs go nb bni`oktbaiñk.
• Wrbstjrkjs go nb porsjkbnigbg.
• Wrbstjrkj go ostrés pjstrbu`âtiaj.
• Wrbstjrkjs psiañtiajs, ikanuyokgj nb osquizjdrokib.
 • Ok on sieuiokto ospbaij osarico tu ajkaoptj go sbnug `oktbn.

?3

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Wjgjs ostjs trbstjrkjs puogok ir go uk kivon novo b uk kivon ikabpbaitbkto o

ikanusj,, nnovbr b nb `uorto b abusb gon suiaigij. º]orj
ikanusj º]orj qué abusb ostjs trbs-
tjrkjs:: Qo ajkjao quo kj lby ukb sjnb abusb go nb okdor`ogbg `oktbn,
tjrkjs
puos sjk vbrijs njs dbatjros quo puogok ajktricuir bn riosej go sudrir-
nb, pjr oho`pnj8
• Njs eokos y nb listjrib db`inibr.
• Nb oxporiokaib go vigb, aj`j on ostrés, j si lb sudrigj go
bcusj, ok ospoaibn gurbkto nb ikdbkaib.
• Dbatjros cijnñeiajs aj`j gosoquinicrijs quà`iajs ok on aorocrj.
• _kb nosiñk aorocrbn trbu`âtiab.
• Nb oxpjsiaiñk go ukb `bgro b bneøk virus j prjguatjs quà`iajs gu-

• rbkto on o`cbrbzj.
Ajksu`j go bnajljn j grjebs.
• Wokor ukb okdor`ogbg sorib aj`j on aâkaor.
• Wokor pjajs b`iejs y soktirso sjnj j bisnbgj, oktro jtrjs.

]brtiro`js go gbtjs iktorosbktos pbrb

p brb lbcnbr go njs to`bs bktorijros, soeøk
so eøk _KIAOD y nb J@Q8 `âs
go 3=% go njs bgjnosaoktos go tjgj on `ukgj sudro trbstjrkjs `oktbnos, bukbgj b onnj on suiaigij
os nb soeukgb abusb go `uorto
`uor to oktro njs hñvokos go 2? b 29 bòjs y bnrogogjr go 2?% go njs bgjnos-
 aoktos go pbàsos go ikerosjs `ogijs y cbhjs lb poksbgj suiaigbrso ok bneøk `j`oktj go su vigb.

_KIAOD os nb duorzb i`punsjrb quo ajktricuyo b nb Nb J@Q os nb butjrigbg giroativb y ajjrgikbgjrb go nb

arobaiñk go uk `ukgj gjkgo so rospotok njs goro- baaiñk sbkitbrib ok on sisto`b go nbs Kbaijkos _kigbs.
aljs go tjgjs y abgb ukj go njs kiòjs y kiòbs.

Nb sbnug `oktbn bdoatb nb `bkorb ok nb quo kjsjtrjs batub`js, poksb`js, kjs sokti`js y kjs ronbaij-
kb`js ajk nbs porsjkbs quo kjs rjgobk, ikuyokgj giroatb`okto ok nb butjosti`b j butjajkaoptj, ésto
os uk dbatjr quo kjs puogo byugbr b gotor`ikbr
go tor`ikbr si bneukb
bneukb porsjkb os vàati`b go bneøk trbstjrkj `oktbn.
`okt bn.

?1

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@i sbnug porsjkbn

  Wbrob

• Ikvostieb qué nbs virtugos y nbs aubnigbgos, y ajnñabnbs

qué sjk nbs ajnñabnbs ok on sieuiokto aubgrj.
  Qbcàbs quo...
Nb butjosti`b os uk
ajkhuktj go poraopaijkos,
poksb`ioktjs,
ovbnubaijkos, sokti`ioktjs
 y tokgokaibs go
aj`pjrtb`ioktjs girieigjs
lbaib ukj `is`j, lbaib
kuostrb `bkorb go sor,
 y lbaib njs rbsejs go
kuostrj auorpj y kuostrj
abrâator. Ok rosu`ok8 os nb
ovbnubaiñk poraoptivb go
kjsjtrjs `is`js.

• Wrbo gjs djtjerbdàbs tb`bòj

tb`bòj arogokaibn, kj i`pjrtb
i`pjrtb si nbs roajrtbs.
roajr tbs.
• ]brb nb sieuiokto
sieuiokto bativigbg gocos girieirto b nb pâeikb
pâeikb „x‐ go nb soaaiñk go Bkoxjs, bn
aoktrj ajnjab tu kj`cro y tu djtjerbdàb, goktrj gon aubgrj tus aj`pbòorjs bkjtbrâk
 uk bspoatj pjsitivj go tu porsjkb, brrâkabnb gon nicrj pbrb pjgor aj`pbrtirnb.
¡¡@o quiorj!!
BAWITI GBG 3  ]BSB ]JKOS OK ]SÂAWIA B

2. Gospués go jcsorvbr njs ajkaoptjs pjsitivjs quo tus aj`pbòorjs tiokok go ti, to
tjab robnizbr on sieuiokto ohoraiaij go butjajkaoptj8
bu tjajkaoptj8
‑  _tinizb nb `is`b ljhb quo ajktioko tu djtjerbdàb y ajkr`b quo auokto ajk tu djtj -
erbdàb bn aoktrj y tus aj`pbòorjs lbybk bkjtbgj uk bspoatj pjsitivj go tu porsjkb.
‑  Bkjtb goktrj gon ñvbnj njs bspoatjs pjsitivjs quo vos ok ti.
‑  Duorb gon ñvbnj quogbrjk njs bspoatjs pjsitivjs quo njs go`âs vok ok ti.

Bquà vb
tu djtj

?7

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3. Bljrb, bn rovorsj go nb `is`b ljhb, gocos bkjtbr aikaj godoatjs go tu porsjkb ok abgb gogj go nb
`bkj izquigb y aikaj aubnigbgos
aubnigbgos quo ajksigoros `âs i`pjrtbktos go tu porsjkb ok nb n b `bkj goroalb.
_tinizb tus prjpibs `bkjs pbrb robnizbr njs trbzjs sieuiokgj on oho`pnj quo so `uostrb b ajktikuba
ajktikubaiñk.
iñk.
 • Ajktostb nbs sieuioktos proeuktbs8

2. ºWo ajstñ trbcbhj okajktrbr

okajktrb r ok ti `is`j aubnigbgos:

3. ºB qué aroos quo so goco:

1. ºNbs aubnigbgos quo roajkjaos ok ti ajikaigok ajk nbs quo bkjtbrjk tus aj`pbòorjs:

??

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7. ºRué duo `âs dâain, roajkjaor tus prjpibs aubnigbgos j roajkjaor nbs aubnigbgos
go tus aj`pbòorjs:

_k gbtj
On b`jr os ukj go njs
vbnjros `âs i`pjrtbktos.
Os nb duorzb quo kjs
i`punsb pbrb lbaor nbs ?. ºRué to rosuntj `âs gidàain, roajkjaor tus aubnigbgos j tus godoatjs:
ajsbs ciok, pjr osj, os
ajksigorbgj uk vbnjr
quo tioko `uy anbrb nb
gidorokaib oktro on ciok
 y on `bn. On b`jr os uk
sokti`ioktj `jrbn, puos
kjs ikguao b batubr ciok
ok kuostrb vigb y ajk nbs
porsjkbs quo b`b`js. 4. Bkjtb ok on sieuiokto aubgrj go qué `bkorb on b`jr prjpij kjs byugb b tokor ukb
sbnug `oktbn.
 ?4

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AIOSSO

BAWITI GBG 1  AOSSB@JQ

• Ok on sieuiokto ospbaij robnizb ukb kbrrbtivb baorab go tus lâcitjs pbrb tokor sbnug `oktbn.

Gibrij go vigb sbnugbcno

 ?5

Søcriabs go ovbnubaiñk
Butjovbnubaiñk
• Ajktostb y oktroeb b tu gjaokto.

Kj`cro8
Erupj8 Wurkj88
Wurkj Kø`orj go nistb8
]BSAIBN@OKWO KJ
ASIWOSIJQ SOBNIX BGJ
SOBNIXBGJ SOBNIXBGJ
ºBprokgà on ajkaoptj go sbnug `oktbn:

ºAjkjzaj nbs prikaipbnos okdor`ogbgos `oktbnos:

ºSoajkjaà dbatjros quo puogok gotjkbr ukb
okdor`ogbg `oktbn:
ºBprokgà nb i`pjrtbkaib go ajkjaor`o b `à
`is`j y quo nb butjosti`b os gotor`ikbkto pbrb
nb sbnug `oktbn:
Bprokgà nb i`pjrtbkaib gon b`jr prjpij aj`j
cbso pbrb pjgor b`br b njs go`âs.
 Ajovbnubaiñk
• Aj`pbrto nb røcriab ajk uk aj`pbòorj j aj`pbòorb pbrb quo to ovbnøo y lbz nj `is`j pbrb én j onnb.
onnb .
 
Kj`cro8
Erupj8 Wurkj88
Wurkj Kø`orj go nistb8
Kj`cro gon aj`pbòorj j aj`pbòorb quo robnizb nb ajovbnubaiñk8

ASIWOSIJQ QÀ B T OAOQ KJ
ºJcsorvé quo `i aj`pbòorj rovisñ njs ajkaoptjs
go sbnug `oktbn:
º@o ajkstb quo `i aj`pbòorj trbcbhñ ok su nicrj
nbs gidoroktos bativigbgos:
ºGjy do go quo `i aj`pbòorj sà bprokgiñ auânos
sjk nbs aubnigbgos go nbs porsjkbs quo nj rjgobk:
ºAjksigorj quo `i aj`pbòorj so osdjrzñ ok
roajkjaor nbs aubnigbgos prjpibs y nbs go njs
aj`pbòorjs:
º@i aj`pbòorj bprokgiñ nj koaosbrij go
sbnug `oktbn:

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Lotorjovbnubaiñk
• ]brb aj`pnotbr tu ovbnubaiñk, oktroeb nb sieuiokto røcriab b tu prjdosjr.

Kj`cro8
Erupj8 Wurkj88
Wurkj Kø`orj go nistb8
ASIWOSIJQ QÀ B T OAOQ KJ
ºJcsorvé quo nb bnu`kj j bnu`kj pusj gocigb
btokaiñk o iktorés ok nb anbso:
ºQo jcsorvñ quo nb bnu`kb j bnu`kj pbrtiaipñ ok
nbs bativigbgos porsjkbnos y ajnoativbs ok anbso:

ºQo pugj ovigokaibr

pbrtiaipbrjk quo nbgobnu`kb
bativb`okto j bnu`kj
djr`b jrbn y/j pjr
osaritj pbrb oxprosbr njs ajkjai`ioktjs
yb sbcigjs j bgquirigjs:
ºOn bnu`kj oktroeñ nbs bativigbgos go nb anbso
b tio`pj:
ºOn bnu`kj oktroeñ nbs tbrobs go nb bsiekbturb
b tio`pj:
ºOn bnu`kj go`jstrñ abnigbg y cuok ajktokigj
tbktj ok nbs bativigbgos go anbso y/j tbrobs
duorb go anbso:
?9
 
 3
_KIGBG
Nb kutriaiñk
kutriaiñk,, nb bativigbg dàsiab
y `i sbnug

 
 Iktrjguaaiñk go nb ukigbg
Ok osto tri`ostro kjs okdjabro`js ok añ`j `bktokor ukb vigb sbnugbcno b pbrtir go nb
kutriaiñk go kuostrj auorpj, nb bativigbg dàsiab y ukb vigb nicro go grjebs, nj aubn to gbrâ
pbutbs pbrb iktoerbr b tu vigb gibrib, lâcitjs quo `ohjrbrâk tu sbnug y tu abnigbg go vigb.

Bn lbcnbr go abnigbg go vigb, kjs rodori`js b quo `bkiostos, ok tjgjs njs â`citjs, dukaijkos
d ukaijkos
y bativigbgos go tu vigb gibrib, cuokbs prâatiabs
pr âatiabs go ohoraiaij dàsiaj, ukb bni`oktbaiñk bgoaubgb
pbrb ti y, sjcro tjgj, quo tokebs ajkjai`ioktjs suaioktos pbrb goaigir ok to`bs tbk i`pjr -
tbktos y goniabgjs aj`j on usj go grjebs. Wokor ukb cuokb abnigbg go vigb, siekiab pbrb
kjsjtrjs tokor nb `ohjr vorsiñk go ti `is`j b trbvés go tus prjpibs o ikdjr`bgbs goaisijkos.

43

 TII GB Q B N_ GB CN O 2
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_3
Nb kutriaiñk, nb bativigbg dàsiab y `i sbnug
 ]nbkobgjr tri`ostrbn
_kigbg 3. Nb kutriaiñk, nb bativigbg dàsiab y `i sbnug

Kø`orj go Kj`cro go nb
soauokaib soauokaib ]rjpñsitjs Oho go vigb sbnugbcno
gigâatiab
Wj`b goaisijkos ajk rospoatj b su
Nb kutriaiñk giotb bn vbnjrbr njs bpjrtos kutri-
2 aj`j ostinj go Bni`oktbaiñk.
`oktbnos go bni`oktjs drosajs y
vigb sbnugbcno. pnbtinnjs go nb roeiñk.
Wj`b goaisijkos pbrb `bktokorso
Oguabaiñk dàsiab y dàsiab`okto bativj ok dbvjr go su
3 gopjrto osajnbr
osajnbr.. ciokostbr porsjkbn aj`j pbrto go Bativigbg dàsiab.
uk ostinj go vigb sbnugbcno.
]rbatiab ostinjs go vigb bativjs, ajk
1  Tigb nicro on k go `jgiabr j oni`ikbr aj` -
Qbnug, lieioko
go grjebs. y ni`piozb.
pjrtb`ioktjs go riosej pbrb nb sbnug.
s bnug.

41

 TII GB Q B N_ GB C N O 2
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_3
Nb kutriaiñk, nb bativigbg dàsiab y `i sbnug

Oxpnjrbaiñk gibekñstiab
• Bktos go ikiaibr nbs bativigbgos go nb ukigbg gigâatiab 3, „nb kutriaiñk, nb bativigbg dàsiab y `i
sbnug‐, to ikvitj b rospjkgor nj sieuiokto.

2. ºOs nj `is`j bni`oktbrso quo kutrirso:

3. ºWjgj nj quo aj`os os kutritivj:

1. ºQbcos qué os ukb giotb:

7. ºQbcos qué os ukb bgiaaiñk:

bgiaaiñk:
 ?. ºAjkjaos nb i`pjrtbkaib go nb bativigbg dàsiab pbrb tu sbnug:

4. ºAjkjaos njs riosejs y ajksoauokaibs gon ajksu`j go grjebs:

47

 TII GB Q B N_ GB CN O 2
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Nb kutriaiñk, nb bativigbg dàsiab y `i sbnug

QOA_OKAIB GIGÂAWIAB 2
Nb kutriaiñk aj`j ostinj go vigb sbnugbcno

]SJ]ÑQIWJ8 tj`b goaisijkos ajk rospoatj b su giotb bn vbnjrbr njs bpjrtos kutri-
`oktbnos go bni`oktjs drosajs y pnbtinnjs go nb roeiñk.

IKIAIJ

Bktos go ikiaibr ajk nbs bativigbgos y ajkaoptubnizbaijkos, vb`js b pjkor btok-

aiñk bn sieuiokto aubgrj quo kjs vb b ir jrioktbkgj ok nj quo cusab`js sbcor.

2 ºR_É QBCO@JQ:
BAWITIGBG 2 

2. Noo nbs proeuktbs jrioktbgjrbs quo so okauoktrbk ok abgb ajnu`kb y ajk-

tostb ok abgb absj nj quo so sueioro. Wø puogos lbaornj. ¡Osduérzbto!

ºRué sé sjcro kutriaiñk: ºRué quiorj sbcor:

]jr oho`pnj8 ºqué
oho`pnj8 ºqué to lbk gialj tu `b`â, pbpâ
j tutjr sjcro qué gocos aj`or pbrb ostbr sbkj:
ºRué ajsbs go nbs quo aj`os sbcos quo sjk cuo-
kbs pbrb kutrirto: ºRué ajsbs sbcos quo to lbaok
gbòj b tu auorpj si nbs ajksu`os:
ºRué ajsbs quioros bprokgor sjcro
añ`j aj`or sbkj: º]jr qué quioros bprokgor
b aj`or sbkj: ºRué to eustbràb bprokgor ok
aubktj b kutriaiñk:
 4?

 TI GB Q BN _G BC NO 2
_3
Nb kutriaiñk, nb bativigbg dàsiab y `i sbnug

„_kb `bnb Jcsorvb bljrb njs ono`oktjs quo gocos iktoerbr aubkgj lbcnb`js go kutriaiñk.
kutriaiñk
puogo roguair
nb ik`ukigbg,
bu`oktbr nb
vunkorbcinigbg b
nbs okdor`ogbgos,
bntorbr on
gosbrrjnnj dàsiaj
 y `oktbn
`oktbn,, y rogua
roguair
ir
nb prjguativigbg‐
prj guativigbg‐..

J@Q

Nb kutriaiñk so rooro b njs kutrioktos quo aj`pjkok njs bni`oktjs, i`pniab njs prj -
aosjs quo suaogok ok tu auorpj gospués go aj`or, os goair, nb jctokaiñk, bsi`inbaiñk
y gieostiñk go njs kutrioktos pjr on jrebkis`j.

@ioktrbs quo nb bni`oktbaiñk os nb onoaaiñk, propbrbaiñk y ajksu`j go bni`oktjs, nj aubn

tioko `ualb ronbaiñk ajk on oktjrkj, nbs trbgiaijkos, nb oajkj`àb y on nuebr gjkgo vivos.

Nb bni`oktbaiñk sbnugbcno au`pno ajk koaosigbgos kutriaijkbnos quo koaositb on

auorpj pbrb `bktokor ukb cuokb sbnug. Bgo`âs, aj`or sbkj to prjtoeo go sudrir ok-
 ]jr on ajktrbrij, dor`ogbgos aj`j jcosigbg, bzøabr ok nb sbkero y prosiñk bntb.
uk bni`oktj
“kj sbnugbcno’
Qieb`js lbaiokgj kuostrjs ajkaoptjs.
bpjrtb pjaj vbnjr
kutriaijkbn y tioko
`ualbs abnjràbs BAWITIGBG 3 
3  WO A_OKWJ R_O
puos usubn`okto
2. Osarico ok on ospbaij quo so okauoktrb ok nb sieuiokto pâeikb, ajk tus pbnbcrbs8
sjk riajs ok erbsbs
ºqué os pbrb ti nb kutriaiñk: y ºok qué ajksisto nb bni`oktbaiñk b gidorokaib go nb
 y bzøa
bzøabro
bros‐
s‐..
kutriaiñk: ºQjk
ºQjk ajkaoptjs ieubnos j gidoroktos: º]jr qué: Oxpniab tu rospuostb.
rospuost b.
I@QQ
3. Wip go osariturb8 utinizb tiktb koerb j bzun pjrquo os `ohjr pbrb tu `okto
`o kto y tu vistb
vor osto tipj go ajnjros aubkgj quiorbs roajrgbrnjs, bgo`âs nb tiktb kj so cjrrb ki
`bkalb tu nicrj aj`j on nâpiz, pjr oho`pnj.

44

 TII GB Q B N_ GB CN O 2
 T
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Nb kutriaiñk, nb bativigbg dàsiab y `i sbnug

GOQBSSJNNJ

BAWITIGBG 1 
1  ]BSB ]JKOS OK ]SÂAWIA B

2. Bljrb vb`js b ronbaijkbr kuostrjs ajkaoptjs.

3. Giràeoto b nb soaaiñk go roajrtbcnos go osto nicrj. Ok nb pâeikb \\ okajktrbrâs nb soaaiñk „Ono-
`oktjs go nb kutriaiñk y nb bni`oktbaiñk‐. Soajrtb n bs eurbs y ajnñabnbs ok on aubgrj quo ajrros-
Soajrtb nbs
pjkgo go bauorgj ajk nj quo yb trbcbhb`js.
 Kutriaiñk Bni`oktbaiñk

45

 TII GB Q B N_ GB C N O 2
 T
_3
Nb kutriaiñk, nb bativigbg dàsiab y `i sbnug

• Bljrb aj`ciko`js.
Go soeurj lbs ajkaoptubnizbgj y ronbaijkbgj nb kutriaiñk y nb bni`oktbaiñk. ]brb ajkti-
kubr ajk ostb sbnugbcno aj`cikbaiñk, vb`js b oxpniabr bnej quo soeurb`okto
lbs osaualbgj bktos8 Kjs rodori`js bn pnbtj gon 
gon ciok aj`or.
aj`or.

Aj`j pri`or baorab`ioktj b osto i`pjrtbkto ajkaoptj quo aj`ci-

kb baortbgb`okto nb kutriaiñk y nb bni`oktbaiñk, vb`js b oalbr
uk vistbzj b njs ajkaoptjs go nbs sieui
sieuioktos
oktos ikstituaijkos8

Aoktrj go Ikvostiebaiñk y Gosbrrjnnj pbrb nb Bni`oktb-

aiñk (AIBG)8 „On pnbtj gon ciok aj`or os ukb euàb go
bni`oktbaiñk quo djr`b pbrto go nb Kjr`b Jaibn
@oxiabkb pbrb nb prj`jaiñk y oguabaiñk sjcro nb sb-
nug ok `btorib bni`oktbrib, nb aubn ostbcnoao arito-
rijs pbrb nb jrioktbaiñk kutritivb ok @éxiaj. Ajksisto
ok uk erâaj gjkgo so roprosoktbk y rosu`ok ostjs
aritorijs, girieigjs b crikgbr b nb pjcnbaiñk jpaijkos
prâatiabs, ajk rospbngj aioktàaj, pbrb tokor ukb bni -
`oktbaiñk ajrroatb quo puogb bgoaubrso b sus koao-
sigbgos y pjsicinigbgos.

‐On pnbtj gon ciok aj`or dbainitb nb igoktiabaiñk go njs

tros erupjs go bni`oktjs (vorgurbs y drutbs, aorobnos y tucéraunjs,
noeu`ikjsbs y prjtoàkbs go jrieok bki`bn), nb aj`cikbaiñk y vb-
ribaiñk go nb bni`oktbaiñk, nb sonoaaiñk go `okøs gibrijs ajk njs
tros erupjs go bni`oktjs y on bpjrto go okoreàb y kutrioktos b
 trbvés go nb bni`oktbaiñk ajrroatb .

Ikstitutj go Kutriaiñk y Qbnug Fonnjee’s (IKQF)8 „On pnbtj gon ciok

aj`or so aroñ pbrb jrioktbr b nb pjcnbaiñk
pjcn baiñk `oxiabkb lbaib ukb bni-
`oktbaiñk cbnbkaobgb, `jstrâkgjkjs auânos sjk njs gidoroktos
erupjs go bni`oktjs y añ`j goco`js aj`cikbrnjs ok kuostrb
kuostr b
bni`oktbaiñk gibrib‐
gibrib‐..

‐Njs bni`oktjs ostâk gistricuigjs ok on pnbtj gon ciok aj-

`or ok tros erbkgos erupjs, soeøk sus abrbatoràstiabs y
pjr njs kutri`oktjs quo kjs bpjrtbk‐.

Qorviaij go Ikdjr`baiñk Berjbni`oktbrib y ]osquorb (QIB].

Ejciorkj go @éxiaj8 „On pnbtj gon ciok aj`or os ukb euàb
go bni`oktbaiñk quo djr`b pbrto go nb Kjr`b Jaibn @oxi-
abkb (KJ@), pbrb nb prj`jaiñk y oguabaiñk pbrb nb sbnug ok
`btorib bni`oktbrib, nb aubn ostbcnoao aritorijs pbrb nb jrioktbaiñk

4<

 TII GB Q B N_ GB CN O 2
 T
  _3
Nb kutriaiñk, nb bativigbg dàsiab y `i sbnug

kutritivb ok @éxiaj6 inustrb abgb ukj go njs erupjs go bni`oktjs ajk on k go `jstrbr b nb pjcnbaiñk nb
vbriogbg quo oxisto go abgb erupj rosbntbkgj quo kikeøk bni`oktj os `âs i`pjrtbkto quo jtrj, sikj
quo goco lbcor ukb aj`cikbaiñk pbrb quo kuostrb giotb gibrib sob ajrroatb y cbnbkaobgb.

Go bauorgj ajk nb KJ@, nbs roaj`okgbaijkos pbrb soeuir bgoaubgb`okto on pnbtj gon ciok aj`or
sjk8 aj`or ok erbk `ogigb drutbs y vorgurbs prodorokto`okto ajk aâsabrb6 ikanuir aorobnos iktoerbnos
ok abgb aj`igb6 aj`or bni`oktjs go jrieok bki`bn ajk `jgorbaiñk6 ovitbr nj `âs pjsicno njs bzøab-
ros, erbsbs, baoitos, ogunajrbktos y sbn6 robnizbr tros aj`igbs y gjs ajnbaijkos bn gàb6 y lbaor ohoraiaij
bn `okjs 1= `ikutjs gibrijs‐.

BAWITIGBG 7 
7  TB
TB @ J Q B W S B C B H B S

2. Ajk cbso ok nj quo noàsto, aj`pnotb nb sieuiokto tbcnb.

]nbtj gon ciok aj`or

ES_]J 2. ES_]J 3. ES_]J 1.
ºRué tipj go bni`oktjs ºRué tipj go bni`oktjs ºRué tipj go bni`oktjs
nj ajkdjr`bk: nj ajkdjr`bk: nj ajkdjr`bk:
Wu rospuostb8 Wu rospuostb8 Wu rospuostb8
 ES_]J 2. ES_]J 3. ES_]J 1.
ºRué ajnjr nj igoktidabràb ºRué ajnjr nj igoktidabràb ºRué ajnjr nj igoktidabràb
ok nb i`beok gon pnbtj: ok nb i`beok gon pnbtj: ok nb i`beok gon pnbtj:
Wu rospuostb8 Wu rospuostb8 Wu rospuostb8

 Tb`js rop
 Tb`js ropbsbk
bsbkgj
gj nj bpr
bprokg
okgig
igjj go
go djr`
djr`bb givo
givortig
rtigb.
b.
3. Baugo b nb pâeikb \\ go tu nicrj y roajrtb abgb ukj go njs bni`oktjs quo so okauoktrbk blà.
1. Ok nb i`beok gon pnbtj quo so okauoktrb ok nb
n b sieuiokto pâeikb, poeb tjgbs nbs i`âeokos quo roajrtbsto,
berupâkgjnbs pjr abgb erupj go bni`oktjs soeøk nb ikdjr`baiñk quo yb bkbnizbsto.
7. Ajnjrob abgb soaaiñk gon pnbtj, go bauorgj b su erupj go bni`oktjs.
?. Dikbn`okto dàr`bnj, os tuyj. ¡Ciok loalj!

49

 TII GB Q B N_ GB C N O 2
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_3
Wàtunj go nb ukigbg

_kb voz quo lo`js gotor`ikbgj njs ono`oktjs quo ajkaiorkok b nb kutriaiñk y b ukb cuokb bni`ok-
tbaiñk, kjs quogb ostbcnoaor uk pbrâ`otrj i`pjrtbkto pbrb aj`cikbr ajk kuostrjs bni`oktjs. Ok
ospoaibn, lbcnb`js gon beub kbturbn y go ukb ostrbtoeib quo lbk soeuigj kuostrbs butjrigbgos go
 sbnug, quo no lbk nnb`bgj nb hbrrb gon cuok cocor . Go`js pbsj b ukbs bpjrtbaijkos ajkaoptubnos.

]brb quo tokebs ukb igob gon ajksu`j go cocigbs y su pjraiñk

p jraiñk roaj`okgbcno bn gàb, nb hbrrb gon cuok
cuo k
si`inbr bn pnbtj gon ciok aj`or, anbsiab nbs cocigbs ok sois kivonos go bauorgj ajk su ajktoki-
cocor, si`inbr
gj okoreétiaj y vbnjr kutritivj, bsà aj`j njs cokoaijs y riosejs pbrb nb sbnug.

Gosaripaiñk go nbs cocigbs roaj`okgbgbs ok nb hbrrb gon cuok cocor

Kivonos Gosaripaiñk
On beub os on nb onoaaiñk `âs sbnugbcno, nb cocigb roaj`okgbgb pbrb sbtisdbaor nbs koaosigbgos
ajtigibkbs go nàquigjs quo kj tioko abnjràbs, ikgispoksbcno pbrb on `otbcjnis`j y quo byugb b nbs
2
gidoroktos dukaijkos
kosij y abnaij, sijnñeiabs
y kj eokorb gonporhugiaibnos
odoatjs jrebkis`j. bIkanuyo bneukjs
nb sbnug aubkgj`ikorbnos
so ikeioroosokaibnos aj`j `be-
bgoaubgb`okto.
Nb noalo os uk bni`oktj aj`pnotj quo ajktioko kutri`oktjs osokaibnos aj`j prjtoàkbs,
vitb`ikbs y `ikorbnos oktro nbs quo gostbabk nbs vitb`ikbs B y G, bgo`âs go sor duokto
3
prikaipbn go abnaij. Nb noalo go sjyb os ukb cuokb jpaiñk bn ieubn quo on yjeurt pbrb nbs
porsjkbs ajk cbhb tjnorbkaib b nb nbatjsb.

5=

 TII GB Q B N_ GB CN O 2
 T
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Nb kutriaiñk, nb bativigbg dàsiab y `i sbnug

Gosaripaiñk go nbs cocigbs roaj`okgbgbs ok nb hbrrb gon cuok cocor

Kivonos Gosaripaiñk
Wé y abdé. On té ajktioko bktijxigbktos y `iarjkutrioktos, `ioktrbs on abdé ok abktigbgos
`jgorbgbs (gjs b tros tbzbs gibribs) so bsjaib ajk givorsjs cokoaijs b nb sbnug, pjr
1
oho`pnj, `okjr prjpoksiñk b ajktrbor nb okdor`ogbg go Bnzloi`or. Gocos gis`ikuir nbs
abnjràbs ok absj go bòbgir bzøabr y aro`b.
Sodrosajs go giotb bsà aj`j cocigbs sik abnjràbs b cbso go abdé j té. Kj bpjrtbk abnjràbs,
7
tb`pjaj kutrok y kj so roaj`iokgb b kiòjs.
? Njs rod
rodros
rosaj
ajss goc
gocok
ok ni
ni`i
`itbr
tbrso,
so, pjr su vb
vbnj
njrr abnñ
abnñri
riaj
aj so su
suei
eior
oroo kj
kj oxa
oxaog
ogor
or go `o
`ogi
gijj vbsj
vbsj bn gà
gàb.
b.
Njs rodrosajs prjpjraijkbk oxaosivbs abnjràbs y pjajs cokoaijs kutriaijkbnos. Qo roaj-
4
`iokgb ajksu`irnjs jabsijkbn`okto.

Bsà puos, goco`js

goco` js sor ajksaioktos go nb i`pjrtbkaib quo tioko cocor beub y on pjraoktbho go jtrbs
cocigbs quo goco`js ikanuir ok kuostrjs lâcitjs bni`oktiaijs gibrijs. ]brb quo nj oktokgb`js
`ohjr, jcsorvo`js nbs sieuioktos i`âeokos o ikdjerbdàbs.

nb i`pjr tbkaib gon beub ok on auorpj lu`bkj Hbrrb gon cuok cocor
KITON 2 KITON 3 KITON 1
º]JS R_É KOAOQIWB@JQ WJ@BS BE_B:
Beub ]jtbcno kbturbn Noalo so`i y Abdé y té sik bzøabr
Cocor beub gibrib`okto os koaosbrij pbrb on trbkspjrto
go kutrioktos, nb roeunbaiñk go nb to`porbturb ajrpjrbn, gosaro`bgb, cocigbs
nb oni`ikbaiñk go gosoaljs oktro jtrjs absjs go sjyb sik bzøabr
Ajkstituyo on Djr`b nbs nberà`bs bgiaijkbgb

9=% quo por`itok nucriabr

y ni`pibr njs jhjs
gon aorocrj
Os uk aj`pjkokto
Nb sog os uk `oabkis`j go nb sbnivb
pbrb roauporbr on beub
porgigb b trbvés gon Soeunb nb to`porbturb.
sugjr, on osaro`oktj On sugjr os
y nb rospirbaiñk
99%
On riòñk roquioro go uk beub y KITON 4 = TBQJQ
cuok bpjrto pbrb oni`ikbr
nbs sustbkaibs pjr nb jrikb.
2% KITON ? 2/3 TBQJ
sbnos
Nb gosligrbtbaiñk os ukb
abusb go iksuflaiokaib rokbn Dbainitb nb gieostiñk
 KITON 7 3 TBQJQ
ovitbkgj ostroòi`ioktj
Ajktioko sjgij, pjtbsij Njs kutrioktos, okai`bs
y jtrbs sbnos `ikorbnos y ljr`jkbs
ikgispoksbcnos pbrb on KITON 1 7 WBXBQ
so gisuonvok ok onnb
dukaijkb`ioktj gon
jrebkis`j Djr`b on KITON 3 3 TBQJQ
Nb abktigbg koaosbrib 5=%
go beub gopokgo go nb go njs `øsaunjs y on
ogbg, nb batvigbg dàsiab,
nb bni`oktbaiñk y on
<?%
go nb sbkero KITON 2 4-< TBQJQ
ani`b ok on quo so vivo

Nucriab nbs Os nb sustbkaib `âs bcukgbkto

brtiaunbaijkos, nbs abunos
por`itok on `jvi`ioktj
go njs luosjs
ok on auorpj. Soprosoktb oktro on
?=% y 5=%
gon posj go uk bguntj

ºBeub pjtbcno:
KITON 7 KITON ? KITON 4
On prikaipbn prjcno`b ok @éxiaj os nb abrokaib go gialj nàquigj, rosuntbgj go nb
ajktb`ikbaiñk go roaursjs làgriajs pjr loaos doabnos gorivbgj go uk `bkohj Cocigbs kj abnñriabs  Huejs go drutb, noalo Sodrosajs y beubs
ikbgoaubgj go njs gosoaljs ajk okgunajnjrbktos oktorb, cocigbs go sbcjr.
brtiflaibnos.
Ajktokigj bprjxi`bgj go beub ok bni`oktjs bnajlñniabs y
Qbkgàb Noalueb Noalo Yjeurt Hàtj`bto @bkzbkb ]iòb Cjninnj gopjrtivbs.
95% 9=% <5% <4% <1% <=% 5=% 1?%

Duokto8 Aiokaib _KB@. Duokto8 ba tub`og.aj`.`x

52

 TII GB Q B N_ GB C N O 2
 T
_3
Nb kutriaiñk, nb bativigbg dàsiab y `i sbnug

BAWITIGBG ? 
?  TB
TB @ J Q B S O ]B Q B S N J B ] S O K G I G J

• Sonbaijkb ajk gidoroktos nàkobs go ajnjr nbs cocigbs go nb ajnu`kb go nb izquiorgb ajk on kivon
ajrrospjkgiokto go nb hbrrb gon cuok cocor. Os tuyj. Gisdrøtbnj.

Cocigbs Kivonos ok nb hbrrb

gon cuok cocor

Kivon 2

Kivon 3

Kivon 1
 Kivon 7

Kivon ?

Kivon 4

53

 TII GB Q B N_ GB CN O 2
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Nb kutriaiñk, nb bativigbg dàsiab y `i sbnug

AIOSSO

BAWITIGBG 4 
4  AIOSSO

• Ok on sieuiokto ospbaij osarico tus lâcitjs go bni`oktbaiñk.

Gibrij go vigb sbnugbcno

 51

 TII GB Q B N_ GB C N O 2
 T
_3
Nb kutriaiñk, nb bativigbg dàsiab y `i sbnug

Søcriab go ovbnubaiñk
Butjovbnubaiñk
• @brab ajk ukb pbnj`itb on aubgrj ajk nb bativigbg
ba tivigbg quo robnizbsto y oktroeb b tu gjaokto.

Kj`cro8
Erupj8 Wurkj88
Wurkj Kø`orj go nistb8
]BSAIBN@OKWO
S BQEJQ SO BNIX BGJ KJ SOBNIXBGJ
SOBNIXBGJ
ºBprokgà on ajkaoptj go kutriaiñk go
bneukbs butjrigbgos j ikstituaijkos:
ºBprokgà y onbcjré `i ajkaoptj
go kutriaiñk:
ºBprokgà nbs abrbatoràstiabs gon pnbtj
gon ciok aj`or:
ºBprokgà nb anbsiabaiñk go njs erupjs
go bni`oktjs quo ajkdjr`bk on pnbtj
gon ciok aj`or:
ºIgoktiaj
ºIgoktiaj njs kivonos quo tioko nb
n b hbrrb
gon cuok cocor:
ºBprokgà njs cokoaijs go tj`br beub y
jtrbs cocigbs pbrb `i auorpj:

Ajovbnubaiñk
• Aj`pbrto nb røcriab ajk uk aj`pbòorj j aj`pbòorb pbrb quo to ovbnøo y lbz nj `is`j pbrb én j onnb.
onnb .

Kj`cro8
 Erupj8 Wurkj88
Wurkj Kø`orj go nistb8
Kj`cro gon aj`pbòorj j aj`pbòorb quo robnizb nb ajovbnubaiñk8

]BSAIBN@OKWO
S BQEJQ SO BNIX BGJ KJ SOBNIXBGJ
SOBNIXBGJ
ºJcsorvé quo `i aj`pbòorj rovisñ njs
ajkaoptjs go kutriaiñk y bni`oktbaiñk:

º@o ajkstb quo `i aj`pbòorj trbcbhñ

ok su nicrj nbs gidoroktos bativigbgos:
ºAjksigorj quo `i aj`pbòorj so
osdjrzñ pjr sbcor njs erupjs go
bni`oktjs gon pnbtj gon ciok aj`or:

57

 TII GB Q B N_ GB CN O 2
 T
  _3
Nb kutriaiñk, nb bativigbg dàsiab y `i sbnug

]BSAIBN@OKWO
S BQEJQ SO BNIX BGJ SOBNIXBGJ KJ SOBNIXBGJ
ºJcsorvé quo `i aj`pbòorj bkbnizñ njs
kivonos y abrbatoràstiabs go nb hbrrb gon
ciok cocor:
ºOstjy soeurj go quo `i aj`pbòorj
bprokgiñ nj koaosbrij go kutriaiñk:

Lotorjovbnubaiñk
• ]brb aj`pnotbr tu ovbnubaiñk, oktroeb nb sieuiokto røcriab b tu prjdosjr.

Kj`cro8

Erupj8 Wurkj88
Wurkj Kø`orj go nistb8
]BSAIBN@OKWO
S BQEJQ SO BNIX BGJ KJ SOBNIXBGJ
SOBNIXBGJ
ºJcsorvé quo on bnu`kj pusj gocigb
btokaiñk o iktorés ok nb anbso:
ºQo jcsorvñ quo nb bnu`kb j bnu`kj
pbrtiaipñ ok nbs bativigbgos porsjkbnos y
ajnoativbs ok anbso:
ºQo pugj ovigokaibr quo nb bnu`kb j
bnu`kj pbrtiaipbrñk bativb`okto go
djr`b jrbn y/j osaritb pbrb oxprosbr njs
ajkjai`ioktjs bgquirigjs:

ºNb bnu`kb go
bativigbgos j bnu`kj
nb anbsooktroeñ nbs
b tio`pj:
ºNb bnu`kb j bnu`kj oktroeñ nbs tbrobs
go nb bsiekbturb b tio`pj:
 ºnb bnu`kb j bnu`kj go`jstrñ abnigbg y
cuok ajktokigj tbktj ok nbs bativigbgos
ok anbso y/j tbrobs duorb go anbso:

5?

 
 

 TI GB Q BN _G BC NO 2
_3
Nb kutriaiñk, nb bativigbg dàsiab y `i sbnug

QOA_OKAIB GIGÂAWIAB 3
Oguabaiñk
Oguabaiñk dàsiab y gopjrto osajnbr

]SJ]ÑQIWJ8 tj`b goaisijkos pbrb `bktokorso dàsiab`okto bativj ok

dbvjr go su ciokostbr porsjkbn aj`j pbrto go uk ostinj go vigb sbnugbcno.

Gieitbnàzbto IKIAIJ

]brb sbcor `âs visitb

on sieuiokto añgiej
_kb vigb sbnugbcno os `jvi`ioktj
RS y jctokgrâs `âs
ikdjr`baiñk sjcro nb
droauokaib abrgibab y nb BAWITIGBG 2 
2 ºR_É QBCO@JQ:
i`pjrtbkaib go `ogir
osto ajkaoptj aubkgj go • Tb`js b rooxijkbr y aj`pnotbr on sieuiokto aubgrj. Qieuo nbs ikstruaaijkos.
bativigbg dàsiab so trbtb.
lttps8//cit.ny/3YXRRXt 2. Wj`b uk `ikutj j gjs pbrb poksbr8 ºqué sbcos baorab gon ajkaoptj droauokaib abrgibab:

3. Bljrb osarico nj quo sbcos.

1. Goaigo y osarico qué quioros bprokgor bn rospoatj.

rospoa tj.
 Bljrb ciok, aubkgj lbcnb`js go bativigbg dàsiab y gopjrto osajnbr, os koaosbrij
quo btokgb`js ukb prâatiab go auigbgj quo, ok aiortbs jabsijkos, pbsb`js pjr
bntj y os go su`b i`pjrtbkaib. Kjs rodori`js bn oxb`ok `égiaj.
`égiaj. Osto gjau`oktj
suono sor iekjrbgj b voaos pjr quiokos gogiabk bn bajkgiaijkb`ioktj dàsiaj.
Wb`ciék os i`pjrtbkto soòbnbr quo osto oxb`ok `égiaj sirvo pbrb quo tu gj-

aokto go Oguabaiñk
proabuaijkos Dàsiabtj`br
quo gocos ajkjzab tus bnabkaos,
aubkgj ni`itbaijkos
to pigb quo y, sorio
robniaos ukb sjcrogo
tjgj, nbs
ohorai-
aijs, bativigbg dàsiab j gopjrto.

54

 TII GB Q B N_ GB CN O 2
 T
  _3
Nb kutriaiñk, nb bativigbg dàsiab y `i sbnug

B su voz, os tu rospjksbcinigbg
rospjksb cinigbg aj`j ostugibkto ikdjr`br aubkgj uk ohorai-

aij
pbrbj tjgb
bativigbg puogo
nb vigb. Bn pjkor ok riosej
sor tjgbvàb tu sbnug,
`okjr prjvjabrto
go ogbg, nosijkos
nosijkos,
tu `b`â, pbpâ ,jikanusj
tutjr
goco ikdjr`br go `bkorb prjktb y jpjrtukb,
jpjr tukb, tu ajkgiaiñk anàkiab
anàkiab j `égiab,
bsà aj`j sjcro tu listjribn go okdor`ogbgos, b nb ikstituaiñk oguabtivb ok
nb quo ostâs
ost âs aursbkgj tu soaukgbrib
soaukgbrib y, go `bkorb djr`bn, baj`pbòbrto b
quo to lbebs uk oxb`ok `égiaj ajk uk gjatjr quo tokeb aégunb prjdosij-
kbn y, go prodorokaib, osté bvbnbgj pjr ukb ikstituaiñk pøcniab j privbgb
ajk butjrizbaiñk noebn. Tob`js bneukjs oho`pnjs go oxb`ok `égiaj8

GOQBSSJNNJ

Tb`js b rovisbr bneukjs ajkaoptjs

Nb Jrebkizbaiñk @ukgibn go nb Qbnug br`b quo nb sbnug go nbs
porsjkbs os gokigb pjr nbs ostrbtoeibs quo proviokok nb jcosigbg.
Oktokgigbs éstbs aj`j aubnquior ebstj okoreétiaj prjguaigj ok on
auorpj y quo ikuyo ok nb tbsb `otbcñniab cbsbn, ikanuyokgj bativi -
gbgos ajtigibkbs aj`j nbs tbrobs gon ljebr y/j trbcbhj. Ostj tb`ciék
ikvjnuarb uk aiortj kivon go bativigbg ajkaoptubn aj`j aopinnbrso njs
gioktos, `jvorso go uk nuebr b jtrj, ni`pibr nb absb, nbvbr on ajalo,
robnizbr uk gopjrto go bntj rokgi`ioktj, otaétorb.

Goktrj gon ajkaoptj go ostb bativigbg

ba tivigbg ok on ab`pj cijnñeiaj, goco`js
beroebr abrbatoràstiabs go nb oxporiokaib porsjkbn y nb prâatiab aunturbn y sjaibn. Nb bativigbg dàsiab
ajkstb go vbrijs bspoatjs gopokgiokgj go su kbnigbg. ]jr oho`pnj, so ronbaijkb ajk jtrbs bativiba tivi-
gbgos (aunturb y brto8 aiko, tobtrj, `øsiab, otaétorb) pbrb `ohjrbr nb abnigbg go vigb go nb sjaiogbg
prikaipbn`okto urcbkb, quo suono tokor lâcitjs kjaivjs gon ostinj go vigb ajkto`pjrâkoj8 ostrés
`oktbn, tbcbquis`j, usj ikbgoaubgj gon tio`pj nicro, ajksu`j go grjebs, otaétorb. Os koaosbrij
ajktrbrrostbr nbs okdor`ogbgos arñkiaj-goeokorbtivbs.
 55

 
 

 TI GB Q BN _G BC NO 2
_3
Nb kutriaiñk, nb bativigbg dàsiab y `i sbnug

Njs oxportjs go nb sbnug y on bajkgiaijkb`ioktj dàsiaj tiokok uk i`pjrtbkto ikstru-

`oktj ok on ohoraiaij dàsiaj pbrb njerbr sus jchotivjs. Gocok gidukgirnj oktro nb pj-
„Nb bativigb
bativigbgg cnbaiñk, ikgopokgiokto`okto go si os `ogibkto ok nb prj`jaiñk, on trbtb`ioktj j nb
dàsiab, gosgo on rolbcinitbaiñk, go aubnquior tipj go porsjkbs.
oktrokb`ioktj
gopjrtivj,, so
gopjrtivj 3 ¡]BSB QOE_IS AB NOKWBKGJ @JWJSOQ!
BAWITIGBG 3 
pnbktob aj`j on
rosuntbgj go nb 2. Sobnizb gjkgo to okauoktrbs, nb sieuiokto nistb go ohoraiaijs dàsiajs, sik brriosebr
tojràb y nb prâatiab tu sbnug, roauorgb quo prikaipbn`okto tø sbcos tus nà`itos y pjsicinigbgos. ]jk
go nbs aiokaibs btokaiñk b nbs robaaijkos go tu auorpj y nj quo sioktos. Gospués ajktostb nbs
gon gopjrto‐
gop jrto‐.. proeuktbs.
b) Sobnizb 2= nbebrtihbs.
\xxxxx c) Bviéktbto 2= soktbginnbs pjkiokgj nbs `bkjs ok tu aikturb.
DBNWB D_OKWO
DBNWB D_ OKWO a) Lbz 2= bcgj`ikbnos anâsiabs.

Aj`j bpjyj pbrb sbcor añ`j robnizbr njs ohoraiaijs bktorijros, puogos rovisbr on sieuiokto
vigoj ok iktorkot. Osabkob on añgiej RS quo so okauoktrb bn nbgj izquiorgj go nb pâeikb.

3. ºAñ`j jcsorvbsto quo duo tu rospirbaiñk gurbkto njs ohoraiaijs:

Gieitbnàzbto
Bcgj`ikbnos/soktbginnbs/
nbebrtihbs rotj go Dbaocjjf. 1. ºAuânos duorjk nbs robaaijkos dàsiabs quo soktisto:, ºqué so to giauntñ:, ºpjr qué:
lttps8//cit.ny/1bY34Nk

7. ºNjerbsto aj`pnotbr njs ohoraiaijs:, ºb qué aroos quo so gocb:

 5<

 TII GB Q B N_ GB CN O 2
 T
  _3
Nb kutriaiñk, nb bativigbg dàsiab y `i sbnug

?.  To b nb pâei
pâeikb
kb 271
271 go tu nicr
nicrj,
j, go nb soaa
soaaiñk
iñk go roajrtbcnos.
roajrtbcnos. Qi oros bnu`kj,
bnu`kj, roajrtb
roajrtb on osquo
osquo`b
`b
`bsaunikj gon auorpj lu`bkj, y si oros bnu`kb, roajrtb on osquo`b do`okikj gon auorpj lu`bkj.
Bljrb, roajrtb nbs pbnbcrbs quo so okauoktrbk sjcro nbs pbrtos gon auorpj quo pusisto b trbcbhbr
ajk njs ohoraiaijs dàsiajs bktorijros y ajnñabnbs ok njs nuebros gon auorpj lu`bkj quo ajrrospjkgb.
]jr ønti`j, roajrtb y poeb go bauorgj ajk nj quo oxpori`oktbsto.

Gidauntbg Dâain

Bsà puos, si kj nj lbs loalj j ok tu ikstituaiñk oguabtivb kj to lbk sjniaitbgj osto gjau`oktj, os
 cuokj quo ok ajjrgikbaiñk ajk tu gjaokto go Tigb Qbnugbcno 2, `âs tu gjaokto go Oguabaiñk Dàsi-
ab, rovisok osto bpbrtbgj
bpbr tbgj y njerok nnoebr b bauorgjs pbrb quo sob ukb lorrb`ioktb quo bsoeuro quo
nj quo lbebs ok auostiñk go bativigbg dàsiab y gopjrto osajnbr, kj to jabsijko ukb nosiñk y, sjcro
tjgj, to byugo b gosbrrjnnbrto br`ñkiab`okto ajk y pbrb tu auorpj.

BAWITIGBG 1 
1  TB
TB @ J Q B W O S @ I K B S H _ E B K G J A J K N B B A W I T I G B G D À Q I A B

2. Ok on sieuiokto ospbaij ok cnbkaj gicuhb abritbs tipj o`jtiajkos, quo soeurb`okto yb ajkjaos, sikj
tokgrâs uk añgiej RS quo to byugbrâ ajk osj.
3. Ok abgb ospbaij gicuhb nb abritb j o`jtiañk quo roprosokto `ohjr nb djr`b ok nb quo to soktisto
aubkgj robnizbsto j iktoktbsto robnizbr njs ohoraiaijs go nb Bativigbg 3, quo ostâ absi bn ikiaij go osto
ono`oktj iktoerbgjr.

59

 TII GB Q B N_ GB C N O 2
 T
_3
Nb kutriaiñk, nb bativigbg dàsiab y `i sbnug

1. Soauorgb quo nbs gocos ajnjrobr.

7. ]jr ønti`j, si pbsbs pjr bneukb situbaiñk ospoaibn pjr nb aubn kj puogbs robnizbr bativigbg dàsiab,
kj to projaupos, lbz ukb sorio go abritbs j o`jtiajkos ok nbs quo oxprosos gidoroktos ostbgjs go
âki`j quo lbs tokigj ok on gàb, aj`j sj`kjnioktj, bnoero, okjhbgj, sorij, poksbtivj, oktro jtrjs.

Gieitbnàzbto
lttps8//cit.ny/1u74zTO

AIOSSO

BAWITIGBG 7 
7  AIOSSO

• Ok on sieuiokto ospbaij osarico tus lâcitjs rospoatj b tu bativigbg dàsiab y gopjrto.

Gibrij go vigb sbnugbcno

 <=

 TII GB Q B N_ GB CN O 2
 T
  _3
Nb kutriaiñk, nb bativigbg dàsiab y `i sbnug

Søcriab go ovbnubaiñk
Butjovbnubaiñk
• @brab ajk ukb pbnj`itb ok on aubgrj ajk nb bativigbg quo robnizbsto y oktréebnj b tu gjaokto.

Kj`cro8
Erupj8 Wurkj88
Wurkj Kø`orj go nistb8
]BSAIBN@OKWO
S BQEJQ SO BNIX BGJ KJ SOBNIXBGJ
SOBNIXBGJ
ºBprokgà on ajkaoptj bativigbg dàsiab:
ºAjkjzaj nb i`pjrtbkaib
ºAjkjzaj i`pjr tbkaib go nb bativigbg
dàsiab pbrb `i auorpj:
ºSoajkjaà
ºSoajkjaà nbs giauntbgos y bnabkaos quo
tokej bn robnizbr bneukjs ohoraiaijs dàsiajs:
ºBprokgà nb i`pjrtbkaib go sj`otor`o
ºBprokgà
b uk oxb`ok `égiaj robnizbgj pjr uk
oxportj go nb sbnug:
ºAjkjaà nb i`pjrtbkaib go nb „droauokaib
abrgibab‐ y añ`j `ogirnb:

Ajovbnubaiñk
• Aj`pbrto nb røcriab ajk uk aj`pbòorj j aj`pbòorb pbrb quo to ovbnøo y lbz nj `is`j pbrb én j onnb.
onnb .

Kj`cro8
Erupj8 Wurkj88
Wurkj Kø`orj go nistb8
Kj`cro gon aj`pbòorj j aj`pbòorb quo robnizb nb ajovbnubaiñk8

]BSAIBN@OKWO
S BQEJQ SOB NIX BGJ KJ SOBNIXBGJ
SOBNIXBGJ
 ºJcsorvé quo `i aj`pbòorj rovisñ njs
ajkaoptjs go bativigbg dàsiab:
º@o ajkstb quo `i aj`pbòorj trbcbhñ ok
su nicrj nbs gidoroktos bativigbgos:
ºGjy do go quo `i aj`pbòorj bprokgiñ
nb i`pjrtbkaib quo tioko pbrb kuostrb
porsjkb lbaorsoroeistrbgj
uk prjdosijkbn uk oxb`ok `égiaj pjr
noebn`okto:

<2

 TII GB Q B N_ GB C N O 2
 T
_3
Nb kutriaiñk, nb bativigbg dàsiab y `i sbnug

]BSAIBN@OKWO
S BQEJQ SOB NIX BGJ KJ SOBNIXBGJ
SOBNIXBGJ
ºAjksigorj quo `i aj`pbòorj so osdjrzñ
ok robnizbr njs ohoraiaijs quo ostbcbk
sueorigjs j quo sbciokgj quo oxisto
ukb ni`itbkto dàsiab pbrb lbaornjs duo
rospjksbcno y bvisñ bn gjaokto quo kj
pjgàb robnizbrnjs:
º@i aj`pbòorj bprokgiñ nj koaosbrij go
droauokaib abrgibab:

Lotorjovbnubaiñk
• ]brb aj`pnotbr tu ovbnubaiñk, nb sieuiokto røcriab nb goco ajktostbr tu prjdosjr.

Kj`cro8
Erupj8 Wurkj88
Wurkj Kø`orj go nistb8
]BSAIBN@OKWO
S BQEJQ SO BNIX BGJ KJ SOBNIXBGJ
SOBNIXBGJ
ºJcsorvé quo nb bnu`kb j bnu`kj pusj
gocigb btokaiñk o iktorés ok nb anbso:
ºQo jcsorvñ quo nb bnu`kb j bnu`kj
pbrtiaipñ ok nbs bativigbgos porsjkbnos
y ajnoativbs ok anbso:
ºQo pugj ovigokaibr quo nb bnu`kb
j bnu`kj pbrtiaipñ bativb`okto go
djr`b jrbn y/j osaritb pbrb oxprosbr njs
ajkjai`ioktjs j bgquirigjs:
ºOn bnu`kj oktroeñ nbs bativigbgos go nb
anbso b tio`pj:
ºOn bnu`kj oktroeñ nbs tbrobs go nb
bsiekbturb b tio`pj:
ºOn bnu`kj go`jstrñ abnigbg y cuok
ajktokigjj tbktj ok nbs bativigbgos anbso
ajktokig
 y/j ok nbs tbrobs duorb go anbso:

<3

 TII GB Q B N_ GB CN O 2
 T
  _3
Nb kutriaiñk, nb bativigbg dàsiab y `i sbnug

QOA_OKAIB GIGÂAWIAB 1

Tigb nicro go grjebs

]SJ]ÑQIWJ8 prbatiab ostinjs go vigb bativjs, ajk on k go `jgiabr j oni`ikbr

aj`pjrtb`ioktjs go riosej pbrb nb sbnug.

IKIAIJ

Qjy sbkj, onihj ciok y `o ikdjr`j

ºRué siekiab
siekiab tokor ukb vigb nicro go grjebs: Ostb os nb pri`orb
proeuktb quo quizâs kjs pbrozab lbstb si`pno j dâain go ajktos-
tbr, porj quo bnugo b ukb sorio go `otjgjnjeàbs, lorrb`ioktbs
y lâcitjs ok kuostrb vigb duturb. ]jgo`js ostbcnoaor uk pbrâ-
`otrj j pbrâ`otrjs go jcsorvbaiñk ostriatb
ostriat b quo kjs tj`bràbk,
tj`bràbk,
tbn voz, `ualj tio`pj.

Qik o`cbrej, ostb`js soeurjs go quo pjgrâs robnizbr gosgo

ljy, poquoòbs baaijkos quo so ajkvortirâk ok erbkgos ab`cijs
b nj nbrej gon tio`pj y quo to sorâk dâainos go robnizbr ajk byugb y
bpjyj go quiokos to rjgobk ok njs gidoroktos â`citjs8 db`inib, b`iejs
y go`âs porsjkbs.

Aj`j kjs eustb jdroaorto pjab osariturb, y prodori`js pjkorkjs b trbcbhbr go djr`b berbgbcno o
ik`ogibtb, vb`js b ikiaibr ostb to`âtiab ajk nbs sieuioktos bativigbgos.

BAWITIGBG 2

• Noo, rooxijkb y onieo ukb jpaiñk go rospuostb ok abgb auostijkb`ioktj.

‑  Airaunb nb rospuostb onoeigb ajk tiktb bzun, rjhb j aubnquior ajnjr quo kj sob koerj.
‑  Ajktikøb ajk nbs ikgiabaijkos go tu gjaokto.
 2. ºRué siekiab pbrb ti tokor ukb vigb nicro go grjebs:
b) Ruo kj no gocb gikorj b kbgio.
c) Ruo `o okauoktro duorb go nb aâraon.
a) Ruo robniao bativigbgos bn biro nicro.
g) Ruo kj tokeb gopokgokaib b bneukb sustbkaib tñxiab.

<1

 TII GB Q B N_ GB C N O 2
 T
_3
Nb kutriaiñk, nb bativigbg dàsiab y `i sbnug

3. ºRué to eustbràb bprokgor ok osto to`b:

b) Njs tipjs go grjebs.
c) Nbs djr`bs go tokor ukb vigb nicro go grjebs.
a) Rué os nnovbr ukb vigb sbnugbcno.
g) Nb onbcjrbaiñk go grjebs.

1. ºRué quioros njerbr:

njerb r:
b) Byugbr b njs go`âs.
c) @bktokor ukb sbkb gistbkaib go nbs grjebs.
a) Kj tokor gougbs.
g) Qor `ohjr ostugibkto.

GOQBSSJNNJ

Wipjs go grjebs quo pjsicno`okto so okauoktrbk ok tu oktjrkj

_k tipj go nbs `âs ponierjsbs y berosivbs pbrb on lu`bkj sjk nbs nnb`bgbs grjebs siktétiabs. Qo
anbsiabk ok siktétiabs bquonnbs quo lb arobgj on lj`cro, oktro nbs quo so okauoktrbk njs suctipjs8
sogbktos, osti`unbktos, bnuaikñeokjs, bdrjgisibajs, oktro jtrjs. _kb go nbs `âs aj`ukos ok ønti-
`bs doalbs y gotor`ikbkto`okto berosivb so nnb`b arjajgino, quo tioko odoatjs oxbeorbgb`okto
gostruativjs bn sor ajksu`igj pjr on sor lu`bkj.

Bljrb vb`js b gbr uk vistbzj b nbs grjebs `âs aj`ukos8

Abkkbcis
On abkkbcis j aj`øk`okto nnb`bgb `brilubkb, os ukb pnbktb quo so utinizb
 go tros `bkorbs gistiktbs. On tipj `âs aj`øk so nnb`b rosikb, quo vioko ok
cnjquos j trjzjs sñnigjs go ajnjr jsaurj. Wb`ciék so no ajkjao aj`j lior-
cb, `bràb, `btbalb, oktro jtrjs. Ok ukb toraorb djr`b, so ostâ utinizbkgj on
baoito gon abkkbcis ajk on k go abusbr njs `is`js odoatjs go nb grjeb.

Nbs porsjkbs quo so lbk grjebgj ajk „`brilubkb‐ j „abkkbcis‐ lbk

`bkidostbgj soktir njs sieuioktos odoatjs8
odoa tjs8 ronbhbaiñk y ok bneukjs absjs
giaok lbcorso soktigj doniaos. Lby porsjkbs quo sioktok quo on tio`pj
vb `âs noktj y tb`ciék pbrb bneukjs, lby ukb bproaibaiñk `byjr go ajnj-

<7

 TII GB Q B N_ GB CN O 2
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  _3
Nb kutriaiñk, nb bativigbg dàsiab y `i sbnug

ros, sjkigjs y sbcjros. Lby quiokos puogok oxpori`oktbr uk bpotitj gos`ogigj, porj kj to gohos
okebòbr, puos kj tjgjs oxpori`oktbk nj `is`j.

Grjebrto ajk `brilubkb j abkkbcis, to lbao soktir ronbhbgj y ok bneukjs absjs doniz6 lby porsjkbs
quo sioktok quo on tio`pj vb `âs noktj,
no ktj, y bneukjs, bproaibk go `byjr djr`b njs ajnjros, sjkigjs y
sbcjros. Qo puogo oxpori`oktbr uk bpotitj gos`ogigj.

Wb`ciék, on abkkbcis puogo porturcbr nb `o`jrib y nb ajkaoktrbaiñk, y puogo gohbrto abksbgj y sik
`jtivbaiñk. Dikbn`okto, puogos soktir bksiogbg, pâkiaj, ajkdusiñk, tokor gonirijs j bnuaikbaijkos.

_kb erbk abktigbg go eokto ajksigorb quo nb `brilubkb os ukb grjeb soeurb. Kj jcstbkto, ro-
aioktos ostugijs go`uostrbk
go`uostr bk quo njs quo ajksu`ok `brilubkb j abkkbcis gurbkto `ualj tio`pj,
oxpori`oktbk giauntbgos pbrb ajktrjnbr on ajksu`j go ostb grjeb. ]uogok ajkvortirso ok bgia-
tjs. Du`brnb bu`oktb on riosej go okdor`ogbgos abrgàbabs y vbrijs tipjs go aâkaor, aj`j on go
pun`ñk, bgo`âs, puogo bdoatbr b nb dortinigbg tbktj ok lj`cros aj`j ok `uhoros.

Ok @éxiaj so ajksigorb quo gon tjtbn go baaigoktos butj`jvinàstiajs quo jaurrok b gibrij, ok 9=%
so okajktrbcb ik`isauigj on bnajljn j ostb grjeb ok njs butj`jvinistbs.

Éxtbsis
Oktro njs kj`cros ajnjquibnos so okauoktrbk8 ovb, bgâk, \WA ,
`itsucisli , supor`bkos .

On éxtbsis so suono onbcjrbr ok nbcjrbtjrijs anbkgostikjs go bneukjs

pbàsos ourjpojs. Kjr`bn`okto so vokgo ok pbstinnbs quo tiokok gicu-
hbgjs givorsjs njejtipjs j gisoòjs. Ok jabsijkos, nbs pbstinnbs go éxtb-
sis puogok ajktokor jtrbs grjebs y sustbkaibs.

• Odoatjs8
Odoatjs8 on
 on éxtbsis puogo lbaor quo to sioktbs `âs bnortb y siktj-
kizbgj ajk on b`ciokto. Wo sioktos doniz y trbkquinj, ajk ukb sok-
sbaiñk go abriòj lbaib jtrbs porsjkbs. Njs sjkigjs, ajnjros y o`j-
aijkos sjk `âs iktoksjs. Wiokos `âs okoreàb, nj quo to por`ito cbinbr
gurbkto poràjgjs `âs nbrejs go tio`pj.
• Odoatjs soaukgbrijs8 tu to`porbturb ajrpjrbn, toksiñk brtoribn y rit`j abrgàbaj bu`oktbk.
Jtrjs odoatjs dàsiajs ikanuyok gjnjros `usaunbros, kâusobs, bebrrjtb`ioktj go nb `bkgàcunb
 y roalikbr go gioktos. ]uogos oxpori`oktbr sugjr prjdusj, to`cnjros y pbnpitbaijkos. ]uogos
soktirto gosligrbtbgj, ajkdusj y abksbgj.
• Siosejs8
Siosejs8 nb
 nb `byjràb go nbs grjebs noebnos so
s o pruocbk pri`orj ok bki`bnos, porj njs usubrijs go
éxtbsis sjk njs ajkohinnjs go ikgibs. Nbs ikvostiebaijkos `uostrbk quo njs ajksu`igjros lbci-
tubnos go k go so`bkb
gjs y gopri`igjs, oxpori`oktbk
b `okugj ukb ]bsbrâk
gurbkto gàbs. „arisis‐
„arisis‐ bbòjs
`itbgbktos
go so`bkb,
go quo quo njs gohb `uy
ajkjzab`js abksb -
njs odoatjs
b nbrej pnbzj, porj nbs porsjkbs ajksu`ok ostb grjeb puogok ajrror on riosej go gosbrrjnnbr
prjcno`bs go sbnug `oktbn pjstorijr`okto ok su vigb. Nbs `uortos pjr éxtbsis sjk cbstbkto
rbrbs, porj puogok sor gocigbs b iksjnbaiñk, ikdbrtj j arisis go bs`b.

<?

 TII GB Q B N_ GB C N O 2
 T
_3
Nb kutriaiñk, nb bativigbg dàsiab y `i sbnug

Lorjàkb
Oktro sus kj`cros ajnjquibnos so lbnnbk abcbnnj, currj, hbaj, kiovo cnbkab. Nb
 hbaj
lorjàkb so onbcjrb b pbrtir go nb `jrkb, ukb go nbs grjebs quo prjaogo gon
jpij. Qo ajksu`o ikyoatâkgjso j du`âkgjso, nj quo so nnb`b abzbr bn grbeñk.

Odoatjs8 nb ikyoaaiñk go lorjàkb prjguao ukb râdbeb râpigb go oxaitbaiñk

Odoatjs8 nb
soeuigb go ukb soksbaiñk go pbz aj`j ok uk suoòj. Wo sioktos abriòjsj, ro-
nbhbgj y sj`kjnioktj. Njs gjnjros, nb berosiñk y nb nicigj so vok roguaigjs.

Odoatjs soaukgbrijs8 
soaukgbrijs8  oktro njs odoatjs soaukgbrijs go nb lorjàkb y jtrjs
jpijigos (aj`j
(aj`j nb `jrkb
`jr kb y nb `otbgjkb) so okauoktrbk on ostroòi`ioktj
ostroòi`ioktj y
on gocinitb`ioktj go nb rospirbaiñk. Qik o`cbrej, nb `byjràb go njs ponierjs
quo babrrob nb lorjàkb prjviokok go nb sjcrogjsis j nb ikyoaaiñk go nb grjeb.

Siosejs8
Siosejs8 nj
 nj aj`j
sustbkaibs quo sobzøabr,
vokgo lbrikb,
ok nb abnno aj`j
tbnaj nb lorjàkb
y jtrbs grjebs.bOstbs
`okugj ajktioko
sustbkaibs jtrbs pbroaor ikjdoksivbs,
puogok
porj puogok prjvjabr nosijkos okjr`os ok on auorpj aj`j ajâeunjs go sbkero, bcsaosjs y ebk-
erokb, si so ikyoatbk. On sigb y nb lopbtitis C y A so puogok ajktbeibr si so aj`pbrtok nbs beuhbs.
Ajksu`ir lorjàkb go djr`b droauokto puogo arobr bgiaaiñk, ok ospoaibn, si so ikyoatb nb grjeb.

Nb `otbgjkb so utinizb aj`j grjeb go sustituaiñk pbrb trbtbr nb gopokgokaib b nb lorjàkb. Tioko
ok nb djr`b go nàquigj vorgo, on aubn so coco ukb voz bn gàb pbrb ovitbr soktir on sàkgrj`o go bcsti-
kokaib go nb lorjàkb. On riosej `âs erbvo go nb `otbgjkb os nb `uorto pjr sjcrogjsis.

Ajabàkb
Oktro njs kj`cros ajnjquibnos so okauoktrbk ajab, kiovo, dbrnjpb.

Nb ajabàkb os uk pjnvj cnbkaj quo so onbcjrb b pbrtir go nbs

n bs ljhbs go nb ajab,
ukb pnbktb quo aroao prikaipbn`okto ok Qugb`ériab. Qo suono ajksu`ir ik-
lbnbkgj on pjnvj b trbvés go nb kbriz. On arbaf  kj
 kj os ukb grjeb gistiktb, sikj
quo os ukb djr`b `âs bgiativb go nb ajabàkb. On arbaf , tb`ciék nnb`bgj rjab,
rb j cbso nicro so suono du`br. Nb ajabàkb b voaos so ikyoatb j so aj`o.
 piogrb
 piog

Odoatjs8  nb ajabàkb os uk pjtokto

Odoatjs8 nb p jtokto osti`unbkto.
osti`unbk to. Wo lbao soktir `âs bnor-
tb y bativj, b nb voz quo roguao tu lb`cro y sog. Qus odoatjs puogok
 gurbr lbstb 3= `ikutjs gospués go abgb
ab gb tj`b. Du`br ajabàkb go arbaf  
jdroao uk sucigñk `âs ajrtj, porj `âs iktoksj.

Siosejs8 iklbnbr ajabàkb puogo abusbr uk gbòj por`bkokto ok on ikto-

Siosejs8 iklbnbr
rijr go nb kbriz. On ajksu`j go nb ajabàkb puogo gbòbr on ajrbzñk y njs pun-
`jkos6 nbs gjsis erbkgos puogok prjvjabr nb `uorto gocigj b ikdbrtjs j ajâeunjs
go sbkero. Wj`br ajabàkb ajk bnajljn bu`oktb on riosej go sudrir uk ikdbrtj y go `uorto. Aj`or

<4

 TII GB Q B N_ GB CN O 2
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Nb kutriaiñk, nb bativigbg dàsiab y `i sbnug

ajabàkb puogo gbòbr on tohigj iktostikbn. Nb goprosiñk quo sieuo bn sucigñk puogo sor erbvo y ajk-
guair b toktbtivbs go suiaigij. Ajk uk ajksu`j oxbeorbgj j b nbrej pnbzj, nb oxaitbaiñk quo abusb
nb ajabàkb puogo ajkvortirso ok ikquiotug, pérgigb go suoòj y pérgigb go posj. Lby porsjkbs quo
gosbrrjnnbk psiajsis pbrbkjiab y puogok nnoebr b sor vijnoktbs. On duorto sàkgrj`o go bcstikokaib
go nb ajabàkb, sjcro tjgj, gon arbaf , puogo lbaor quo quiorbs
tj`br tjgb nb grjeb b nb voz y porgor on ajktrjn gon erbgj go
ajksu`j go nb grjeb.

Bkdotb`ikbs
Oktro njs kj`cros ajnjquibnos so lbnnbk spoog , ospig , bkdotb. Nbs
bkdotb`ikbs sjk uk erupj go grjebs osti`unbktos6 bneukbs go
onnbs so utinizbrjk ok on pbsbgj aj`j pbstinnbs go bgonebzb-
`ioktj. Kjr`bn`okto so prosoktbk ok uk pjnvj cnbkaj erisâaoj y so vokgok
ok pbquotos go pbpon okvuontjs, nnb`bgjs  pbponikb . Qo suonok trbebr, porj
tb`ciék so puogok ikyoatbr
puogo du`br. ikyoat br j oskidbr. _k tipj ajkjaigj
ajkjaigj aj`j lionj j aristbn so

Odoatjs8  gopokgok go añ`j so tj`o nb grjeb.

Odoatjs8 gopokgok grjeb . _kb poquoòb gjsis pjr nb cjab to lbao
soktir `âs bnortb y bativj. Gjsis `byjros ikyoatbgbs j du`bgbs gbk nb soksbaiñk go ukb
râdbeb go pnbaor. Bneukjs usubrijs go bkdotbs quo ajksu`ok abktigbgos oxaosivbs y njs
lbao soktir liporbativjs y lbcnbgjros.

Odoatjs soaukgbrijs8 aj`j
soaukgbrijs8 aj`j ok on absj go jtrbs grjebs osti`unbktos, so oxpori`oktb
oxp ori`oktb ukb
arisis gospués gon sucigñk quo abusb nb grjeb. Gjsis onovbgbs go bkdotb`ikbs puogok
prjvjabr pâkiaj, pbrbkjib y bnuaikbaijkos. Ajk on ajksu`j b nbrej pnbzj, puogos go-
sbrrjnnbr ukb okdor`ogbg quo so ajkjao ajk on kj`cro go  psiajsis bkdotb`àkiab, ajk
sàktj`bs si`inbros b nb osquizjdrokib. Nb pbrbkjib puogo lbaor quo to vuonvbs vijnok-
v ijnok-
tj si aroos quo ostâs siokgj b`okbzbgj j porsoeuigj.

Siosejs8 nb psiajsis bkdotb`àkiab puogo ajktikubr gospués go iktorru`pir on ajksu-

Siosejs8 nb
`j go nb grjeb. Qi to vuonvos berosivj j vijnoktj, puogos okajktrbrto ok situbaijkos
ponierjsbs. Njs riosejs go ikyoatbrso nb grjeb sjk njs `is`js quo njs go nbs jtrbs
sustbkaibs aj`j nb lorjàkb.

Gisjnvoktos
 On kj`cro ajnjquibn os “oskidbr poeb`oktj’
poeb`o ktj’..

Njs gisjnvoktos ikanuyok prjguatjs quo so okauoktrbk ok nb `byjràb go njs ljebros, aj`j
poeb`oktjs, gisjnvokto pbrb pikturbs, nbab pbrb uòbs, aj`custicnos nieorjs y borjsjnos
aj`j gosjgjrbktos. Qo puogok iklbnbr ajk uk trbpj lø`ogj, ajk nb `bkeb gon bcriej j
giroatb`okto gon cjto. Njs borjsjnos so bpniabk giroatb`okto b nb cjab. On bcusj go njs gi-
sjnvoktos os aj`øk sjcro tjgj oktro njs bgjnosaoktos. ]brb nb `byjràb go njs bgjnosaoktos os
ukb `jgb pbsbhorb, porj puogo prjvjabr prjcno`bs
prjcno`bs okjr`os ok nb osauonb y ok absb.

<5

 TII GB Q B N_ GB C N O 2
 T
_3
Nb kutriaiñk, nb bativigbg dàsiab y `i sbnug

 wOdoatjs8 iklbnbr
 wOdoatjs8  iklbnbr gisjnvoktos puogo prjguair ukb soksbaiñk go sucigñk
j go pbsbrnj ciok, si`inbr b ostbr cjrrbalj. Njs odoatjs pbsbk kjr-
`bn`okto gospués go ukb `ogib ljrb. ]uogos pbroaor cjrrbalj,
brrbstrbr nbs pbnbcrbs, tb`cbnobrto, roàrto y porgor on ajktrjn6 b
ajktikubaiñk, to puogos soktir sj`kjnioktj.

Odoatjs soaukgbrijs8 tu
soaukgbrijs8 tu aritorij so puogo vor bdoatbgj y puo-
gos vjnvorto berosivj. Wb`ciék os aj`øk sudrir bnuaikbaijkos,
vñ`itjs y gos`byjs. Gospués go nb tj`b, so tioko ukb rosbab,
ajk gjnjr go abcozb y giauntbg pbrb ajkaoktrbrso.

Siosejs8 nb `uorto prjaogokto gon bcusj go gisjnvoktos os rbrb, porj puogo

Siosejs8 nb
jaurrir pjr givorsjs `jtivjs6 pjr oho`pnj, nb pri`orb voz quo so robnizb nb iklb-
nbaiñk. Oros `âs prjpoksj b sudrir baaigoktos cbhj nb ikuokaib go gisjnvoktos. Wb`ciék
puogos bljebrto j bsxibrto pjr nb baaiñk gon gisjnvokto
gisjnvokto bspirbgj pjr tus pun`jkos, j nb
nb

bspirbaiñk go tu vñ`itj. @ualjs gisjnvoktos puogok abusbr iksuaiokaib abrgibab.

NQG
On NQG kjr`bn`okto so prosoktb ok pbstinnbs poquoòbs ajkjai-
gbs aj`j noktohbs j tripis, ok aubgrbgitjs go pbpon j abrtñk.
Njs tripis suonok tokor gicuhjs j njejs. Y so ikeiorok.

Odoatjs8  on NQG os ukb grjeb bnuaikñeokb. Bnej bsà aj`j ukb
Odoatjs8 on
ljrb gospués go tj`br nb gjsis, prjvjab uk vibho ok on aubn
nj quo to rjgob pbroao gistiktj,
gis tiktj, y njs ajnjros, njs sjkigjs y njs
jchotjs pbroaok irrobnos j bkjr`bnos. Gurbkto on vibho so puo-
gok tokor visijkos y osaualbr vjaos6 on tio`pj pbroao ir `âs
noktj j baonorbrso. Njs odoatjs puogok gurbr ukbs 23 ljrbs.
Odoatjs soaukgbrijs8 os
soaukgbrijs8 os gidàain go progoair qué tipj go vibho so oxpori`ok-
tbrâ. Gurbkto uk vibho `bnj, puogos soktirto btorrjrizbgj, tokor nb soksbaiñk
go quo piorgos on ajktrjn, to ostâs vjnviokgj njaj j `uriokgj. Os prjcbcno quo so ox-
pori`okto uk vibho `bnj si ukj yb so siokto bksijsj j gopri`igj bktos go tj`br nb grjeb.

Siosejs8 uk vibho `bnj puogo trbguairso ok ukb okdor`ogbg `oktbn ok bneukbs porsjkbs. Njs vib-
Siosejs8 uk
hos cuokjs tb`ciék sjk ponierjsjs, pjr oho`pnj, si aroos quo puogos vjnbr j ab`ikbr sjcro on beub.
 Wb`ciék to puogok roerosbr roauorgjs ok djr`b go i`âeokos, ok nbs quo to okauoktrbs go kuovj
ok on vibho gurbkto uk ajrtj poràjgj go tio`pj, gurbkto so`bkbs y `osos gospués go lbcornj
vivigj. Ostbs i`âeokos puogok nnoebr b sor bkeustijsbs. Nbs sotbs `âeiabs sjk bnuaikñeokjs quo
aroaok ok ostbgj sbnvbho. Qo puogok aj`or arugbs j ajaikbgbs j sorvir ok djr`b go té. Njs odoatjs
go nbs sotbs `âeiabs sjk si`inbros b uk vibho ajrtj y sokainnj ajk NQG. Bn ieubn go nj quo jaurro
ajk on NQG, si tiokos vibhos `bnjs, puogok sor btorrjrizbgjros. Wb`ciék oxisto on riosej go quo to
oquivjquos y aj`bs sotbs vokokjsbs pjr orrjr, poksbkgj quo sjk `âeiabs.

<<

 TII GB Q B N_ GB CN O 2
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  _3
Nb kutriaiñk, nb bativigbg dàsiab y `i sbnug

_kb voz quo lo`js gbgj vistb b nb tojràb o ikdjr`baiñk sjcro nbs grjebs `âs aj`ukos. Tb`js b
rodjrzbr kuostrj ajkjai`ioktj ajk nb sieuiokto sjpb go notrbs. Giviértoto.

BAWITIGBG 3

2. Cusab nbs pbnbcrbs quo ajrrospjkgok b njs to`bs go grjebs, ok nb sjpb go notrbs quo so ok-
auoktrb bcbhj. Bgo`âs, go`uostrb quo oros `uy cuokj ok ostj, y gosaucro gjs vbnjros quo
so okauoktrbk jauntjs. Sosântbnbs ajk ajnjros gidoroktos y bkjtb abgb pbnbcrb ok notrb Qaript.

• ]brb quo sob `ohjr on rotj, cusab nbs pbnbcrbs ok gidoroktos djr`bs y soktigjs.

Abkkbcis @brilubkb Lorjàkb Osti`unbkto Gisjnvokto

Nsg Bkdotb`ikbs Ajabàkb Bnuaikñeokj Éxtbsis
Qbnug Onoeir Bcusj Siosej
]bnbcrbs jauntbs8

Q K @ W D B
B N B I B O K
_ Q O O
A I Q \ W
I C I W O A
K J E B Q B G T J
O K Q N A
O K J K N S J B
W A B I Q I
K E I K S
B B O G B O
J N K N Q
Q _ I O C B Q K J ]
_ @ J I N I G _ B
C I S G G B L K B
 B W O L _ I
J Q I Q N S

E O S O B B
J W O ] Q O S Q @

<9

 TII GB Q B N_ GB C N O 2
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Nb kutriaiñk, nb bativigbg dàsiab y `i sbnug

AIOSSO

BAWITIGBG 1 
1  AIOSSO

• Ok on sieuiokto ospbaij, osarico tus lâcitjs gibrijs pbrb nnovbr ukb vigb nicro go grjebs.

Gibrij go vigb sbnugbcno

 9=

 TII GB Q B N_ GB CN O 2
 T
  _3
Nb kutriaiñk, nb bativigbg dàsiab y `i sbnug

Søcriab go ovbnubaiñk
Butjovbnubaiñk
• Ajnjab ukb pbnj`itb ok on aubgrj quo ajksigoros
ajksigoros quo robnizbsto nb bativigbg y oktroeb b tu gjaokto.

Kj`cro8
Erupj8 Wurkj88
Wurkj Kø`. go nistb8
]BSAIBN@OKWO
S BQEJQ SO BNIX BGJ KJ SOBNIXBGJ
SOBNIXBGJ
ºBprokgà on ajkaoptj go grjebgiaaiñk:
ºBprokgà sjcro njs riosejs ajksu`ir
aubnquior tipj go grjebs:
ºIgoktiaj on tipj go grjebs quo so
okauoktrbk ok `i oktjrkj:
ºAjkjzaj njs odoatjs kjaivjs go nbs
grjebs pbrb nb sbnug:
ºAjkjaà nb i`pjrtbkaib go ovitbr on
ajksu`j go grjebs:
ºBprokgà quo on usj go grjebs kj sjnuaijkb
`is prjcno`bs bn ajktrbrij `o trborâ `âs
ajksoauokaibs utinizbr bneukb go onnbs:

Ajovbnubaiñk
• Aj`pbrto nb røcriab ajk uk aj`pbòorj j aj`pbòorb pbrb quo to ovbnøo y lbs nj `is`j pbrb én j onnb.

Kj`cro8
Erupj8 Wurkj88
Wurkj Kø`. go nistb8
Kj`cro gon aj`pbòorj j aj`pbòorb quo robnizb nb ajovbnubaiñk8

]BSAIBN@OKWO
S BQEJQ SOB NIX BGJ KJ SOBNIXBGJ
SOBNIXBGJ
ºJcsorvo quo `i aj`pbòorj rovisj njs
ajkaoptjs go grjebgiaaiñk:
º@o ajkstb quo `i aj`pbòorj trbcbhj ok
 su nicrj nbs gidoroktos bativigbgos:
ºGjy do go quo `i aj`pbòorj bprokgiñ nb
i`pjrtbkaib go ovitbr on ajksu`j go grjebs:

92

 TII GB Q B N_ GB C N O 2
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Nb kutriaiñk, nb bativigbg dàsiab y `i sbnug

]BSAIBN@OKWO
S BQEJQ SOB NIX BGJ KJ SOBNIXBGJ
SOBNIXBGJ
ºAjksigorj quo `i aj`pbòorj so osdjrzñ
pjr robnizbr nbs bativigbgos gon to`b:
º@i aj`pbòorj bprokgiñ nj koaosbrij sjcro
nbs ajksoauokaibs gon ajksu`j go grjebs:

Lotorjovbnubaiñk
• ]brb aj`pnotbr tu ovbnubaiñk, nb sieuiokto røcriab nb goco nnokbr tu prjdosjr.

Kj`cro8
Erupj8 Wurkj88
Wurkj Kø`. go nistb8
]BSAIBN@OKWO
S BQEJQ SO BNIX BGJ KJ SOBNIXBGJ
SOBNIXBGJ
ºJcsorvé quo nb bnu`kj j bnu`kj pusj
gocigb btokaiñk o iktorés ok nb anbso:
ºQo jcsorvñ quo nb bnu`kb j bnu`kj
pbrtiaipñ ok nbs bativigbgos porsjkbnos y
ajnoativbs ok anbso:
ºQo pugj ovigokaibr quo nb bnu`kb j
bnu`kj pbrtiaipbrjk bativb`okto go djr`b
jrbn y/j pjr osaritj pbrb oxprosbr njs
ajkjai`ioktjs yb sbcigjs j bgquirigjs:
ºNb bnu`kb j bnu`kj, oktroeñ nbs
bativigbgos go nb anbso b tio`pj:
ºNb bnu`kb j bnu`kj, oktroeñ nbs tbrobs
go nb bsiekbturb b tio`pj:
ºNb bnu`kb j bnu`kj, go`jstrñ
abnigbg y cuok ajktokigj tbktj ok nbs
bativigbgos go anbso y/j tbrobs duorb go
anbso:
 93

 
 _KIGBG
@i pri`or pnbk go sbnug
 1
 

Iktrjguaaiñk go nb ukigbg

]brb jctokor `ohjros cokoaijs ok nb aj`ukigbg, pjkgro`js ok prâatiab tjgj nj quo lo -

`js bprokgigj, tj`bkgj ok auoktb quo nb igob prikaipbn go ostb bsiekbturb os rosjnvor
prjcno`âtiabs j rotjs go kuostrb vigb ajtigibkb, quo tokebk uk i`pbatj giroatj tbktj ok nb
vigb porsjkbn aj`j db`inibr y sjaibn.
 Wokgrâs njs ono`oktjs suaioktos pbrb ostbcnoaor ukb rutb go pbsjs quo to nnovok, huktj
ajk jtrjs aj`pbòorjs j aj`pbòorbs b ajkarotbr on prjyoatj j ab`pbòb quo quiorbk.

97

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_kigbg 1. @i pri`or pnbk go sbnug.

Kø`orj go Kj`cro go
soauokaib nb soauokaib ]rjpñsitjs Oho go vigb sbnugbcno
gigâatiab

Ab`pbòb Igoktiabr on pbpon quo huoebk nbs

2 ab`pbòbs pucniaitbribs ok nbs goai-
pucniaitbrib. sijkos kbnos go njs ajksu`igjros.
Lbaiokgj rodorokaib bn kj`cro go nb
`btorib8 vigb sbnugbcno b ajktikub-
aiñk to `jstrbro`js nb i`pjrtbkaib
i`pjrt bkaib Aj`ukiabaiñk.
3
]rj`jaijkj nj quo go nbs ab`pbòbs go prj`jaiñk go
os sbnugbcno. nb sbnug, bgo`âs go ajkjaor njs
pbsjs pbrb quo puogbs robnizbr ukb
ab`pbòb pbrb `ohjr nb sbnug go nbs
porsjkbs quo to rjgobk.
]rjpjko bntorkbtivbs go sjnuaiñk b
Ni`pio`js ok prjcno`bs go sbnug y on `ogij b`-
1 ajkhuktj. Éso os ciokto, ronbaijkbgjs ajk nb lieioko Lieioko y ni`piozb.
 on prjyoatj. y ni`piozb ok on oktjrkj db`inibr,
osajnbr y aj`ukitbrij.
]rjyoatj go ni`piozb y ovbnubaiñk

9?

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Oxpnjrbaiñk gibekñst
gibekñstiab
iab
• Bktos go ikiaibr nbs bativigbgos go nb ukigbg gigâatiab 2, „Qà`cjnjs, i`âeokos y ritubnos‐, to
ikvitj b rospjkgor nj sieuiokto8
2. º]jr qué lby sjkigjs quo to gbk `iogj: (Ostinj go pârrbdj8
pârrb dj8 ikaisj kø`orj 2)

3. ºGo qué `bkorb so puogok anbsiabr nbs i`âeokos:

1. ºOs aiortj tjgj nj quo sbno ok njs bkukaijs:

7. ºRué tioko quo vor nb pucniaigbg ajk njs sà`cjnjs:

?. ºAñ`j sorâ uk bktibkukaij

bktibkukaij::

4. ºAuâktbs aonocrbaijkos si`cñniabs ajkjaos:

5. ºGñkgo ostâ on @iatnâk:

  DBNWB IKDJS@BAIÑK
94

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QOA_OKAIB GIGÂAWIAB 2
Ab`pbòb pucniaitbrib

]SJ]ÑQIWJ8 igoktiabr on pbpon quo huoebk nbs ab`pbòbs pucniaitbribs ok nbs go -

aisijkos kbnos go njs ajksu`igjros.

IKIAIJ

Ok ab`pbòb so vbno baj`pbòbr

Ab`pbòb pucniaitbrib

_kb ab`pbòb pucniaitbrib os uk aø`unj oxtoksj go ostrbtoeibs

aj`oraibnos auyj jchotivj os gbr b ajkjaor on sorviaij y/j prj-
guatj b jdroaor. Ostj so ajksieuo `ogibkto bkukaijs gistiktjs
porj ronbaijkbgjs, quo bpbroaok ok ukj j vbrijs `ogijs go
aj`ukiabaiñk gurbkto uk porijgj gotor`ikbgj.

Nb ab`pbòb pucniaitbrib ostâ ostrbtéeiab`okto gisoòbgb pbrb njerbr jchotivjs

gotor`ikbgjs y rosjnvor bneøk prjcno`b goaisivj. Qo trbtb puos go uk pnbk b ajrtj pnbzj quo6 pjr nj
eokorbn dukaijkb gurbkto uk bòj j `okjs.

BAWITIGBG 2 ºR_É QBCO@JQ:

2. ºRué os nb pucniaigbg:

3. ºAuân os nb prikaipbn dukaiñk go uk `ogij go aj`ukiabaiñk:

1. @okaijkb njs `ogijs go aj`ukiabaiñk quo ajkjaos.

 95

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7. ºLby bneøk bkukaij pucniaitbrij quo to nnb`o

nn b`o nb btokaiñk: ºAuân:
ºAuân: ºGñkgo nj visto:

?. ºS
ºSoauorgbs
oauorgbs bneøk aj`oraibn go bneøk prjguatj quo yb kj so vokgb ok ostjs `j`oktjs:
`j`oktjs: ]nbtàabkjs auân.

GOQBSSJNNJ

Nbs ab`pbòbs pucniaitbribs sjk prj`jvigbs `ogibkto njs `ogijs

go aj`ukiabaiñk y gopokgiokgj go njs sjpjrtos utinizbgjs, njs
`ogijs go aj`ukiabaiñk so anbsiabk ok nbs sieuioktos abtoejràbs8

• Bugijvisubnos8 puogok sor osaualbgjs y vistjs bn `is`j

tio`pj. Njs sjpjrtos quo utinizbk
u tinizbk o`itok i`âeokos y sjkigj
auyj jchotivj kbn os trbks`itir ikdjr`baiñk. Goktrj go és-
tjs so okauoktrbk nb tonovisiñk y on aiko, ajk onnjs prâatiab -
`okto aubnquior bajktoai`ioktj `ukgibn puogo sor trbks-
`itigj b aubnquior pbrto gon pnbkotb ok tio`pj robn.
• Sbgijdñkiajs8  so o`itok oxanusivb`okto cbhj djr`btj sjkjrj.
Sbgijdñkiajs8 so
Qu prjaosj go prjguaaiñk os `okjs ajstjsj y `âs sokainnj quo on
go nb tonovisiñk. _kb go nbs gosvoktbhbs os quo ostâ ni`itbgj eojerâ -

ab`okto pjr nbsnbs

Ok nb batubnigbg jkgbs go rbgijok
pnbtbdjr`bs y on
on sjkigj
oktjrkjpuogo vorso bdoatbgj.
rbgijdñkiaj tb`ciék
so lbk bgbptbgj bn `ukgj gieitbn nj quo lb eokorbgj quo lbyb uk
bu`oktj go usubrijs sieuiokgj osto tipj go `ogijs.
• I`prosjs8  goktrj go ostb abtoejràb so okauoktrbk nbs rovistbs, poriñgiajs,
I`prosjs8 goktrj
djnnotjs y tjgjs bquonnjs djr`btjs quo ostâk robnizbgjs ok pbpon. Os uk
tipj go `ogij quo ostâ ok gorru`co pjr su onovbgj ajstj go onbcjrbaiñk
onbcjrb aiñk y
pjr nb aj`potitivigbg go njs `ogijs gieitbnos. ]jr tbn `jtivj, erbk abktigbg
go poriñgiajs lbk bgbptbgj su ikdjr`baiñk bn sjpjrto gieitbn, gohbkgj
ikanusj go arobr on poriñgiaj i`prosj ok pbpon.
Gieitbnos8   so ajkvirtiorjk ok nàgoros go ikdjr`baiñk y so lbk ox -
• Gieitbnos8
pbkgigj go djr`b `bsivb ok nb batubnigbg, pbrb baaogor b onnjs so
utinizbk aj`putbgjrbs, tbcnotbs, aonunbros y tjgj tipj go sjpjrtos
 toakjnñeiajs go iktorkot, so lb ajkvortigj ok ukb duokto ok
o k nb quo
`innjkos go porsjkbs okauoktrbk ajk `byjr rbpigoz y dbainigbg nb
ikdjr`baiñk quo cusabk.

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BAWITIGBG 3

• Gospués go noor nj bktorijr ajktostb nbs sieuioktos proeuktbs.

2. ºOxistok givorsjs tipjs go ab`pbòbs pucniaitbribs:

3. ºAjkjaos njs pbsjs pbrb robnizbr ukb ab`pbòb pucniaitbrib:

1. ºGo qué `bkorb so puogo gotor`ikbr quo ukb ab`pbòb pucniaitbrib duo oxitjsb:

ºRué os ukb ab`pbòb pucniaitbrib:

_kb ab`pbòb pucniaitbrib os uk ajkhuktj go ostrbtoeibs arobgbs ajk on jchotivj go gidukgir ukb
`brab, `âs proaisb`okto, uk prjguatj j uk sorviaij.

]brb quo ukbsob

on ajktoxtj ab`pbòb pucniaitbrib
ciok bkbnizbgj y quojctokeb rosuntbgjs
njs jchotivjs go bauorgj ajk
`orabgjnñeiajs y gonjprjpbebkgb
pnbkobgj, osquogok
koaosbrij quo
anbrjs.

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_k gbtj
Ajktoxtj sjaibn8 so trbtb
gon ajkjai`ioktj enjcbn, nj
quo pioksb ukb porsjkb y
nj quo sbco jtrb, on soktigj
j iktorprotbaiñk sio`pro
vb b gopokgor go njs
ajkjai`ioktjs go
nbs porsjkbs.
Ajktoxtj aunturbn8 so trbtb
go nbs ajstu`cros, kjr`bs,
lâcitjs y arookaibs
go ukb sjaiogbg.
Ajktoxtj listñriaj8 sjk
tjgbs bquonnbs situbaijkos
quo rjgobk b ukb porsjkb,
toxtj j nuebr y quo njs
`brab j ikgivigubnizb. 
ikgivigubnizb.  nb i`beok go uk ejciorkj. Os loalb pjr
  Qbcàbs quo...
@brfotike  os
 os uk ajkaoptj
ok ikenés, trbguaigj bn
ospbòjn aj`j “`orabgoj’
j “`orabgjtoakib’. Qo
trbtb go nb gisaipnikb
gogiabgb bn bkânisis gon
aj`pjrtb`ioktj go
njs `orabgjs y go njs
ajksu`igjros. On `brfotike   nbs o`prosbs y suono prjguair cuokjs rosuntbgjs, arobkgj
bkbnizb nb eostiñk aj`oraibn
go nbs o`prosbs ajk on
jchotivj go abptbr, rotokor
 y flgonizbr b njs anioktos b
trbvés go nb sbtisdbaaiñk go
sus koaosigbgos.
99
ºRué tipjs go ab`pbòb pucniaitbrib oxistok:
Aj`j vi`js ok njs giânjejs go nb i`beok bktorijr oxistok givorsjs
givors js tipjs go ab`pbòbs.
Ab`pbòb pucniaitbrib ikstituaijkbn
Osto tipj go ab`pbòb lbao pjsicno quo ukb o`prosb so
lbeb ajkjaigb. Os goair, tioko aj`j jchotivj lbaor quo
ukb `brab sob ajkjaigb j puogb prj`jvor ukb kjvo -
gbg b nb `byjr pbrto go njs anioktos.
Ab`pbòb sjaibn
Nb ab`pbòb go osto tipj suono sor uk ospbaij aunturbn
goni`itbgj pjr `ualbs
`ualbs `otbs. ]jr nj eokorbn, ukb ab`-
pbòb pucniaitbrib ajk ostb dukaiñk cusab sor cbso go
kuovbs arookaibs j aunturb. Ikanusj, nbs ab`pbòbs sj -
aibnos puogok sor duoktos go ikspirbaiñk pbrb i`-
pjrtbktos ab`cijs ok nb sjaiogbg.
Ab`pbòb Eucorkb`oktbn
Wioko aj`j jchotivj ab`cibr j rokjvbr
on ejciorkj ok turkj ajk on jchotivj go
ajkquistbr bn onoatjrbgj y on vistj cuo -
kj go njs aiugbgbkjs, osti`unbr on vjtj
b su dbvjr ok nbs prñxi`bs onoaaijkos y
jtrjs givorsjs jchotivjs.
Ab`pbòb onoatjrbn
Ok on porijgj onoatjrbn os aj`øk quo njs bspirbktos b abrejs
pøcniajs y sus pbrtigbrijs lbebk ab`pbòbs cusabkgj vjtjs.
On jchotivj prikaipbn go ostb ab`pbòb os prosoktbr nbs aubnigb-
gos go abgb abkgigbtj y nbs voktbhbs go bpjybrnj pbrb bnabkzbr
on abrej pjnàtiaj gosobgj.
Ab`pbòb go nbkzb`ioktj go `brab, prjguatj j sorviaij
Éstb os ukb go nbs prikaipbnos ostrbtoeibs go `brfotike go
ukb i`prosiñk pjsitivb gon jchotj go ab`pbòb.
ºAñ`j lbaor ukb ab`pbòb pucniaitbrib:
Aikaj pbsjs pbrb gosbrrjnnbrnb
B ajktikubaiñk, to `jstrb`js aikaj pbsjs pbrb arobr ukb ab`pb-
 òb pucniaitbrib oxitjsb.

2==

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2. Gokir njs jchotivjs.

‑ Os i`pjrtbkto
i`pjrtbk to gokir njs jchotivjs pjr njs aubnos so ostâ ikiaibkgj nb ab`pbòb ajk
on pøcniaj onoeigj. Njs jchotivjs
jchotivjs gocok sor anbrjs, pjsicnos go bnabkzbr y `ogicnos.
_k gbtj
3. Gokir on pøcniaj jchotivj. On crioflke os nb pbrto
‑ Os dukgb`oktbn ajkjaor bn pøcniaj quo so osporb ajkquistbr, os ono`oktbn pbrb ostrbtéeiab go nb
sbcor on tjkj y on `ohjr ajktokigj gon `oksbho. propbrbaiñk go ukb
‑  ]brb njabnizbr on pøcniaj b ajkquistbr os koaosbrij bpniabr ikvostiebaijkos go baaiñk pucniaitbrib. Os
nb onoaaiñk jrgokbgb,
`orabgj, usbr lorrb`ioktbs go gotoaaiñk y goguair auânos sjk njs `ohjros `o - ostrbtéeiab y arobtivb go
gijs go aj`ukiabaiñk b o`pnobr pbrb osto pøcniaj. njs gbtjs quo por`itirâk
goflkir njs jchotivjs. Os
uk gjau`oktj osaritj
1. ]nbkobaiñk. gjkgo on gopbrtb`oktj
‑  Ok ostb otbpb so goco jrebkizbr nbs ikdjr`baijkos jctokigbs ok nbs otbpbs bk - go `orabgoj goco pjkor
torijros. Ok ostb dbso so ostbcnoaok nbs ostrbtoeibs, njs breu`oktjs, on `j`oktj tjgb nb ikdjr`baiñk
koaosbrib pbrb gohbr anbrbs
go nbkzb`ioktj, on porijgj go prosoktbaiñk, otaétorb. nbs gidorokaibs aj`oraibnos
‑  Nuoej go lbaor on pnbk go nb ab`pbòb on aniokto gocorâ sor bkbnizbr y bprjcbr  y goflkir nj quo so quioro
on prjyoatj. ajksoeuir ajk nb pucniaigbg.
Nj arob nb o`prosb
ikdjr`baiñk ajk su
gon `orabgj
7. Arobaiñk gon criodke.
criodke.    y ajk nbs nàkobs câsiabs gon
‑ Osto gjau`oktj goco ajktokor ikdjr`baijkos sjcro on prjguatj,
prjgua tj, pøcniaj jchoti- pnbk go `orabgoj go nb
`brab quo gosob pucniaitbr.
pucniait br.
vj ajksu`igjr, pjsiaijkb`ioktj go nb `brab, eojerbdàb, gistricuaiñk y njeàstiab, Os uk gjau`oktj rosu`ok,
porijgiaigbg, bativigbgos prj`jaijkbnos ok vistb y prosupuostj bprjcbgj. `uy siktétiaj, quo dbainitb
nb nbcjr go nb beokaib.
SODOSOKAIB ?
?. Nbkzb`ioktj go nb ab`pbòb.
‑  Ok osto `j`oktj so aj`iokzb b i`punsbr on nbkzb`ioktj go nb ab`pbòb pucniaitb-
rib ok njs `ogijs go aj`ukiabaiñk onoeigjs pbrb i`pbatbr ok on pøcniaj jchotivj.

Bljrb quo sbcos

sbc os qué os ukb ab`pbòb
ab`pb òb pucniaitbrib, njs `ogijs go aj`ukiabaiñk ajk nj
quo so prj`uovo y njs pbsjs pjr soeuir pbrb quo sob oxitjsb. @bkjs b nb jcrb.
 2=2

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AIOSSO

BAWITIGBG 1  AIOSSO

• Ok on sieuiokto
sieuiokto ospbaij, osarico nj bprokgigj ok nb sosiñk.

Gibrij go vigb sbnugbcno

Søcriab go ovbnubaiñk
Butjovbnubaiñk
• Ajktostb y oktroeb b tu gjaokto.

Kj`cro8
Erupj8 Wurkj8 Kø`. go nistb8

Bneukbs
S B Q E JQ Qio`pro Absi sio`pro Kukab
 voaos
Nb pbrtiaipbaiñk go tu aj`pbòorj j
aj`pbòorb ok nbs bativigbgos go osto
cnjquo os bativb rospotujsb y prjpjsitivb.
Wu aj`pbòorj j aj`pbòorb gb `uostrb
go rospotbr on poksb`ioktj y nb nicortbg
 DBNWB IKDJS@BAIÑK
go oxprosiñk, go auntj, igoktigbg soxubn, y
nicro gosbrrjnnj go su porsjkbnigbg.
 2=3

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Wu aj`pbòorj j aj`pbòorb oxpjko sus

prjpibs igobs y rospotb nbs jpikijkos go
njs go`âs.
Wu aj`pbòorj j aj`pbòorb robnizb nbs
bativigbgos
sik ajpibr nbsgon nicrj go `bkorb
bativigbgos b jtrjs.porsjkbn,
DBNWB IKDJS@BAIÑK
Wu aj`pbòorj j aj`pbòorb so prjpjko
`otbs pbrb osto toraor cnjquo y nbs ostâ
ost â
robnizbkgj. Tor „Njerj ?‐ (pâeikb 27?) y
„ºAñ`j bvbkzbsto ok tus njerjs:‐ (pâeikb
245).

Ajovbnubaiñk
• Aj`pbrto nb røcriab ajk uk aj`pbòorj
aj`pbòorj j aj`pbòorb pbrb quo to ovbnøo y lbs nj `is`j
`is`j pbrb én j onnb.

Kj`cro8

Erupj8 Wurkj8 Kø`. go nistb8

Kj`cro gon aj`pbòorj j aj`pbòorb quo robnizb nb ajovbnubaiñk8

Bneukbs
S B Q E JQ Qio`pro Absi sio`pro Kukab
 voaos
Nb pbrtiaipbaiñk go tu aj`pbòorj j
aj`pbòorb ok nbs bativigbgos go osto
cnjquo os bativb rospotujsb y prjpjsitivb.
Wu aj`pbòorj j aj`pbòorb gb `uostrb
go rospotbr on poksb`ioktj y nb nicortbg
go oxprosiñk, go auntj, igoktigbg soxubn, y
nicro gosbrrjnnj go su porsjkbnigbg.
Wu aj`pbòorj j aj`pbòorb oxpjko sus
prjpibs igobs y rospotb nbs jpikijkos go
njs go`âs.  DBNWB IKDJS@BAIÑK
Wu aj`pbòorj j aj`pbòorb robnizb nbs
bativigbgos gon nicrj go `bkorb porsjkbn,
sik ajpibr nbs bativigbgos b jtrjs.
Wu aj`pbòorj j aj`pbòorb so prjpjko
`otbs pbrb osto toraor cnjquo y nbs ostâ
ost â
robnizbkgj. Tor „Njerj ?‐ (pâeikb 27?) y
„ºAñ`j bvbkzbsto ok tus njerjs:‐ (pâeikb
245).

Lotorjovbnubaiñk

• ]brb aj`pnotbr tu ovbnubaiñk, oktroeb nb sieuiokto røcriab b tu prjdosjr.

 2=1

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Kj`cro8
Erupj8 Wurkj8 Kø`. go nistb8

Bneukbs
S B Q E JQ Qio`pro Absi sio`pro Kukab
 voaos
Nb pbrtiaipbaiñk go tu aj`pbòorj j
aj`pbòorb ok nbs bativigbgos go osto
cnjquo os bativb rospotujsb y prjpjsitivb.
Wu aj`pbòorj j aj`pbòorb gb `uostrb
go rospotbr on poksb`ioktj y nb nicortbg
go oxprosiñk, go auntj, igoktigbg soxubn, y
nicro gosbrrjnnj go su porsjkbnigbg. DBNWB IKDJS@BAIÑK
Wu aj`pbòorj j aj`pbòorb oxpjko sus
prjpibs igobs y rospotb nbs jpikijkos go
njs go`âs.
Wu aj`pbòorj j aj`pbòorb robnizb nbs
bativigbgos gon nicrj go `bkorb porsjkbn,
sik ajpibr nbs bativigbgos b jtrjs.
Wu aj`pbòorj j aj`pbòorb so prjpjko
`otbs pbrb osto toraor cnjquo y nbs ostâ
ost â
robnizbkgj. Tor „Njerj ?‐ (pâeikb 27?) y
„ºAñ`j bvbkzbsto ok tus njerjs:‐ (pâeikb
245).
 2=7

 TII GB Q B N_ GB CN O 2
 T
  _1
@i pri`or pnbk go sbnug

QOA_OKAIB GIGÂAWIAB 3
]rj`jaijkj nj quo os sbnugbcno

]SJ]ÑQIWJ8 lbaiokgj rodorokaib bn kj`cro go nb `btorib, vigb sbnugbcno b ajkti -

kubaiñk to `jstrbro`js nb i`pjrtbkaib go nbs ab`pbòbs go prj`jaiñk go nb sbnug,
bgo`âs go ajkjaor njs pbsjs pbrb quo puogbs robnizbr ukb ab`pbòb pbrb `ohjr nb
sbnug go nbs porsjkbs quo to rjgobk.

IKIAIJ

BAWITIGBG 2 ºR_É QBCO@JQ:

2. ºQbcos quo os ukb ab`pbòb go sbnug:

3. ºBneukb voz lbs pbrtiaipbgj ok bneukb ab`pbòb go sbnug:

1. ºAjkjaos nb i`pjrtbkaib go nbs ab`pbòbs go sbnug pbrb `bktokor ukb vigb sbnugbcno:

GOQBSSJNNJ

_kb ab`pbòb go sbnug aj`prokgo ukb erbk abktigbg go baaij-

kos ajk on jchotivj go `ohjrbr nbs ajkgiaijkos go sbnug
go nbs porsjkbs.

Eokorbn`okto, uk prjerb`b go sbnug so aj`pjko pjr

givorsbs pbrtos. Ok prikaipij so gisoòb ukb iktrjguaaiñk,
ajkdjr`bgb pjr njs bktoaogoktos y nb `isiñk quo goso`po-
òbrâ on prjerb`b. Gospués so robnizb uk gibekñstiaj go nb situb -
aiñk batubn, quo puogo ikanuir ukb poquoòb sàktosis go ovbnubaiñk go
bneukjs pnbkos si`inbros quo so lbybk gosbrrjnnbgj bktorijr`okto.
 2=?

 TII GB Q BN _ GB C NO 2
 T
_1
@i pri`or pnbk go sbnug

Gospués go robnizbr on gibekñstiaj, so prosoktb on pnbk quo tioko quo ikanuir ukb prj-
erb`baiñk go bativigbgos y, ok jabsijkos, tb`ciék so gotbnnbk
go tbnnbk lipñtosis rospoatj b njs
rosuntbgjs quo so osporbk ajksoeuir.
  Qbcàbs quo...
Go ostb `bkorb, on prjerb`b go sbnug os ukb lorrb`ioktb pbrb pjgor pjkor ok `br-
_kb lipñtosis os nb alb nbs pjnàtiabs go sbnug b trbvés go nb pnbkobaiñk go nbs ostrbtoeibs, nb
n b ohoauaiñk y nb
supjsiaiñk go bnej quo ovbnubaiñk go baaijkos go nb prj`jaiñk, nb provokaiñk, on trbtb`ioktj y, pjr nj tbktj,
pjgràb, j kj, sor pjsicno. Ok
osto soktigj, nb lipñtosis  nb roauporbaiñk go nb sbnug.
os ukb igob j uk supuostj
b pbrtir gon aubn kjs
proeuktb`js on pjrqué
go ukb ajsb, ciok sob uk
dokñ`okj, uk loalj j uk
prjaosj (Ajonlj, 3=32).

Gieitbnàzbto
Qiekiflabgj go lipñtosis .
lttps8//cit.ny/1upxrzx
Bneukjs go njs jchotivjs prikaipbnos go nb i`pno`oktbaiñk go uk prjerb`b go sbnug
os nb provokaiñk  go tjgj tipj go okdor`ogbgos o ikdoaaijkos y nb prâatiab odabz go
provokaiñk go
prjdosijkbnos go nb sbnug.
njs prjdosijkbnos go

Goflkiaiñk go
prjerb`b go sbnug .
lttps8//cit.ny/3@p4DEj
Oxistok gistiktjs tipjs go prjerb`bs go sbnug. ]jr oho`pnj, soeøk on ârob eojerâab
go bpniabaiñk, uk prjerb`b go sbnug puogo sor kbaijkbn
kbaijkbn,, os goair, ok tjgj on pbàs6 j
roeijkbn, aj`prokgiokgj bneukjs ostbgjs go nb ropøcniab j go `bkorb `ukiaipbn (]é-
`ukiaipbn (]é
roz y Ebrgoy, 3==<).
Njs prjerb`bs tb`ciék puogok ostbr gostikbgjs b sbtisdbaor nbs koaosigbgos go uk
ab`pj ospoaàaj go nb sbnug, puogos tj`br aubnquior to`b go vigb sbnugbcno pbrb
robnizbr ukb ab`pbòb go sbnug goktrj go nb osauonb, tu absb j tu njabnigbg.

2=4
 

 T
 TII GB Q B N_ GB CN O 2
  _1
@i pri`or pnbk go sbnug

AIOSSO

BAWITIGBG 3  AIOSSO

• Ok on sieuiokto
sieuiokto ospbaij, osarico tus bprokzibhos gurbkto nb sosiñk.

Gibrij go vigb sbnugbcno

2=5
 

 TII GB Q B N_ GB C N O 2
 T
_1
@i pri`or pnbk go sbnug

Søcriab go ovbnubaiñk
Butjovbnubaiñk
• Ajktostb y oktroeb b tu gjaokto.

Kj`cro8
Erupj8 Wurkj8 Kø`. go nistb8

Bneukbs
S B Q E JQ Qio`pro Absi sio`pro Kukab
 voaos
Nb pbrtiaipbaiñk go tu aj`pbòorj j
aj`pbòorb ok nbs bativigbgos go osto
cnjquo os bativb rospotujsb y prjpjsitivb.
Wu aj`pbòorj j aj`pbòorb gb `uostrb
go rospotbr on poksb`ioktj y nb nicortbg
 DBNWB IKDJS@BAIÑK
go oxprosiñk, go auntj, igoktigbg soxubn, y
nicro gosbrrjnnj go su porsjkbnigbg.

Wu aj`pbòorj
prjpibs igobs yjrospotb
aj`pbòorb oxpjko sus
nbs jpikijkos go
njs go`âs.
Wu aj`pbòorj j aj`pbòorb robnizb nbs
bativigbgos gon nicrj go `bkorb porsjkbn,
sik ajpibr nbs bativigbgos b jtrjs.
Wu aj`pbòorj j aj`pbòorb so prjpjko
`otbs pbrb osto toraor cnjquo y nbs ostâ
ost â
robnizbkgj. Tor „Njerj ?‐ (pâeikb 27?) y
„ºAñ`j bvbkzbsto ok tus njerjs:‐ (pâeikb
245).

Ajovbnubaiñk
• Aj`pbrto nb røcriab ajk uk aj`pbòorj
aj`pbòorj j aj`pbòorb pbrb quo to ovbnøo y lbs nj `is`j
`is`j pbrb én j onnb.

Kj`cro8
Erupj8 Wurkj8 Kø`. go nistb8

Kj`cro gon aj`pbòorj j aj`pbòorb quo robnizb nb ajovbnubaiñk8

Bneukbs
S B Q E JQ Qio`pro Absi sio`pro Kukab
 voaos
Nb pbrtiaipbaiñk go tu aj`pbòorj j
aj`pbòorb ok nbs bativigbgos go osto
 DBNWB IKDJS@BAIÑK
cnjquo os bativb rospotujsb y prjpjsitivb.

2=<
 

 TII GB Q B N_ GB CN O 2
 T
  _1
@i pri`or pnbk go sbnug

Wu aj`pbòorj j aj`pbòorb gb `uostrb

go rospotbr on poksb`ioktj y nb nicortbg
go oxprosiñk, go auntj, igoktigbg soxubn, y
nicro gosbrrjnnj go su porsjkbnigbg.
Wu aj`pbòorj j aj`pbòorb oxpjko sus
prjpibs igobs y rospotb nbs jpikijkos go
njs go`âs.
 DBNWB IKDJS@BAIÑK
Wu aj`pbòorj j aj`pbòorb robnizb nbs
bativigbgos gon nicrj go `bkorb porsjkbn,
sik ajpibr nbs bativigbgos b jtrjs.
Wu aj`pbòorj j aj`pbòorb so prjpjko
`otbs pbrb osto toraor cnjquo y nbs ostâ
ost â
robnizbkgj. Tor „Njerj ?‐ (pâeikb 27?) y
„ºAñ`j bvbkzbsto ok tus njerjs:‐ (pâeikb
245).

Lotorjovbnubaiñk
• ]brb aj`pnotbr tu ovbnubaiñk, oktroeb nb sieuiokto røcriab b tu prjdosjr.

Kj`cro8
Erupj8 Wurkj8 Kø`. go nistb8

Bneukbs
S B Q E JQ Qio`pro Absi sio`pro Kukab
 voaos
Nb pbrtiaipbaiñk go tu aj`pbòorj j
aj`pbòorb ok nbs bativigbgos go osto
cnjquo os bativb rospotujsb y prjpjsitivb.
Wu aj`pbòorj j aj`pbòorb gb `uostrb
go rospotbr on poksb`ioktj y nb nicortbg
go oxprosiñk, go auntj, igoktigbg soxubn, y
nicro gosbrrjnnj go su porsjkbnigbg.
Wu aj`pbòorj j aj`pbòorb oxpjko sus
prjpibs igobs y rospotb nbs jpikijkos go
njs go`âs.  DBNWB IKDJS@BAIÑK
Wu aj`pbòorj j aj`pbòorb robnizb nbs
bativigbgos gon nicrj go `bkorb porsjkbn,
sik ajpibr nbs bativigbgos b jtrjs.
Wu aj`pbòorj j aj`pbòorb so prjpjko
`otbs pbrb osto toraor cnjquo y nbs ostâ
ost â
robnizbkgj. Tor „Njerj ?‐ (pâeikb 27?) y
„ºAñ`j bvbkzbsto ok tus njerjs:‐ (pâeikb
245).

2=9
 

 TII GB Q B N_ GB C N O 2
 T
_1
@i pri`or pnbk go sbnug

QOA_OKAIB GIGÂAWIAB 1
Ni`pio`js
Ni`pio`js ok ajkhuktj
ajkhuktj.. Éso os on prjyoatj

]SJ]ÑQIWJ8 prjpjko bntorkbtivbs go sjnuaiñk b prjcno`bs go sbnug y on `ogij b`ciok-

to, ronbaijkbgjs ajk nb liei
lieioko
oko y ni`piozb ok on oktjrkj db`inibr
db`inibr,, osajnbr y aj`ukitbrij
aj`ukitbrij..

]rjyoatj go ni`piozb
Ok uk `ukgj abgb voz `âs enjcbnizbgj os aj`øk
aj`pbrbr nbs ajstu`cros y nb aunturb go gidoroktos
porsjkbs ok on `ukgj, os ajktrbstbkto vor sjaio -
gbgos `uy ni`pibs y jrgokbgbs aj`j ok suizb ok
aj`pbrbaiñk ajk Bdebkistâk.

IKIAIJ

BAWITIGBG 2 ºR_É QBCO@JQ:

2. º]brb qué os i`pjrtbkto robnizbr ukb ab`pbòb go ni`piozb:

3. ºRué koaositb`js pbrb `bktokor kuostrjs ospbaijs pøcniajs ni`pijs:

1. º]jr qué aroos quo so gocok sopbrbr njs rosigujs go cbsurb:

22=
 

 TIG
 T IG B QBN
Q BN _ GB C N O 2
  _1
@i pri`or pnbk go sbnug

7. ºOk tu absb roaianbk nb cbsurb:

  Qbcàbs quo...
GOQBSSJNNJ
Nb sustoktbcinigbg os uk
tér`ikj go `jgb, yb quo
ostâ niebgj b nb baaiñk
gon lj`cro ajk ronbaiñk
b su `ogij b`ciokto.
Nb sustoktbcinigbg
soeøk nb oajnñeiab so
rofloro b njs sisto`bs
cijnñeiajs quo puogok
ajksorvbr nb givorsigbg y
nb prjguativigbg b nj nbrej
gon tio`pj. ]jr jtrb pbrto,
ostâ ostroalb`okto niebgb
bn oquinicrij go aubnquior
ospoaio ok pbrtiaunbr
ajk njs roaursjs quo so
okauoktrbk ok su oktjrkj.
Quizb os ukj go njs pbàsos quo `âs y `ohjr • Bqu
Bquàà ̂ os
 os aj`øk quo njs rosigujs ‗gj -
roaianb b kivon `ukgibn8 ?2% gon tjtbn go sus `éstiajs, ikgustribnos y `égiajs‗ sobk
rosigujs urcbkjs. tirbgjs ok nbs abnnos j ok anjbabs bciortbs,
• Os ukb anbrb `uostrb go oguabaiñk
oguabaiñk aàviab ajktb`ikbkgj
ajktb`ikb kgj bsà  on
̂ on ràj Fbcun, prikaipbn
quo so rospirb pjr tjgjs nbgjs. Aj`iokzb prjvoogjr go beub pjtbcno.
ok njs `ogijs go aj`ukiabaiñk ajk ab`- • Qoeøk on @ikistorij
@ikistorij go Qbnug go osto pbàs,
pbòbs pucniaitbribs, vbnnbs ok nbs abnnos y uk prj`ogij go tros `in `uortos bkubnos _k gbtj
bkukaijs ok nb proksb. pjgràb sor bghugiabgbs b njs bntjs kivo-
• On ikaoktivj oajkñ`iaj bnioktb bøk `âs b nos go ajktb`ikbaiñk6 nbs okdor`ogbgos Ok 29<5, so robnizñ on Ikdjr`o
njs iktorosbgjs ok roaianbr. Y pbrb aorrbr on vikaunbgbs b osto dokñ`okj sjk prikaipbn- Crukgtnbkg, goktrj go nb
aoraj, oktjkaos b njs `okjs ajksaioktos `okto rospirbtjribs y abrgijvbsau
abrgijvbsaunbros.
nbros. baaiñk go nb Jrebkizbaiñk
nos tjabk `untbs ajksigorbcnos. go nbs Kbaijkos _kigbs,
• Nbs cjnsbs go cbsurb otiquotbgbs os ukb ro-  y quo
quo nb goflk
goflkiñ
iñ aj`j
aj`j nb
enb quo tjgjs sik oxaopaiñk gocok au`pnir bn abpbaigbg go sbtisdbaor
pio go nb notrb. Nb `untb pjr ovbgir ostb kjr- koaosigbgos go nb
`b puogo rjkgbr lbstb njs 2= === drbkajs eokorbaiñk lu`bkb batubn
suizjs bnej bsà aj`j 33= posjs `oxiabkjs. sik quo ostj supjkeb
• Y pbrbkjr`bs
gbr au`pni`ioktj y soeui`ioktj b nb bkunbaiñk goduturbs
eokorbaijkos quo nbs
ostbs oxisto nb pjniaàb go nb cbsurb.
tb`ciék puogbk sbtisdbaor
sus prjpibs koaosigbgos.

Nb ni`piozb os uk to`b go nb vigb ajtigibkb6 os `uy i`pjrtbkto arobr ukb aunturb go

nb ni`piozb ok on `ogij quo kjs rjgob, bgo`âs go dj`oktbr vbnjros aàviajs go ros-
pjksbcinigbg ajk on gosoalj go njs rosigujs go cbsurb quo eokorb`js y nb aunturb gon
roaianbho, quo, si ciok bøk kuostrj sisto`b roajnoatjr go cbsurb kj so okauoktrb ok
ajkgiaijkos go robnizbr ukb roajnoaaiñk bgoaubgb go njs rosigujs, sà pjgo`js robnizbr
baaijkos pjr kuostrb auoktb.

222
 

 T
 TII GB Q B N_ GB C N O 2
_1
@i pri`or pnbk go sbnug

Anbsiflabaiñk go nb cbsurb
Nb cbsurb os anbsiabgb
an bsiabgb prikaipbn`okto ok gjs abtoejràbs8 jreâkiab o ikjreâkiab. Nb cbsurb jreâki-
ab os aubnquior gosporgiaij quo so gosaj`pjko j quo prjvioko go bneøk bki`bn
bki`bn j pnbktb. Nb cbsu
cb su-
rb ikjreâkiab os aubnquior gosoalj quo lbyb sigj loalj pjr on lj`cro aj`j `otbn, pbpon, vigrij,

jpri`or
pnâstiaj. Osbni`pjrtbkto
nuebr pnbkotb y bquo bprokgbs b anbsiabr ajrroatb`okto nb cbsurb pbrb pjgor byugbr ok
tu aj`ukigbg.

]uogos aj`okzbr b anbsiabr nb cbsurb go nb absb, nb osauonb, otaétorb, go nb sieuiokto djr`b utini -
zbkgj uk cjto go cbsurb pbrb abgb tipj8
‑  Jreâkiab8  nbs aâsabrbs go drutbs, nbs sjcrbs go aj`igb, aéspog y ljhbs.
Jreâkiab8 nbs
‑  @otbn8 nbtbs go bnu`ikij y baorj.
abrtñk8 poriñgiaj, rovistbs, njs aubgorkjs
‑ ]bpon y abrtñk8 poriñgiaj,
quo yb kj so usbk ki so koaositbk, njs sjcros),
kjtbs y ljhbs i`prosbs, abhbs go aorobn y abhbs
go abrtñk y abrtñk ajrruebgj.
‑  ]nâstiaj8 njs `jngos go nb aj`igb go absb, njs ok-
]nâstiaj8 njs
vbsos go yjeurt y si`inbros, nbs cjtonnbs rodrosaj j
beub y sus tbpbs, cjnsbs go pnâstiaj, otaétorb.
‑  Tigrij8 tjgj tipj go cjtonnbs y okvbsos go vigrij.
 Tigrij8 tjgj
]baf8  abhbs go noalo, huejs y
‑ Cjtos go noalo y Wotrb ]baf8 
jtrbs cocigbs.

Bljrb quo sbcos añ`j so anbsiabk nb cbsurb os i`pjrtbkto quo ajkjzabs nbs 7S go nb sustoktbci -
nigbg i`pjrtbktàsi`bs pbrb on roaianbho.

• Soguair8  nj pri`orj os iktoktbr arobr `okjs rosigujs go njs quo

Soguair8 nj
eokorb`js. Qi kjs `oto`js ok nb abcozb ostb igob, so babcñ on
prjcno`b gon oxaosj go cbsurb.
Soutinizbr8   aubkgj bnej yb kj kjs sirvo, pj -
• Soutinizbr8
go`js gbrno uk kuovj usj. Qi ostâ ok cuok
ostbgj y puogo sor øtin pbrb jtrb porsjkb pj-
go`js gjkbrnj pbrb quo bneuiok `âs nj sieb
usbkgj, go nj ajktrbrij pjgo`js cusabrno uk
kuovj usj bktos go tirbrnj b nb cbsurb.
Soaianbr8   bquà so ajkviorto uk rosiguj ok
• Soaianbr8
uk prjguatj kuovj y gidorokto. ]brb osj os
i`pjrtbkto quo ok absb sopbro`js njs rosi-
gujs y njs gopjsito`js ok njs ajktokogjros
ok njs quo ajrrospjkgo oso tipj go rosiguj.
Soauporbr8   porj si uk rosiguj kj so puogo
• Soauporbr8
ovitbr, routinizbr j roaianbr, nnoeb on `j`oktj
go roauporbr, ostj so lbao ajk prjaosjs ikgus -

223
 

 TIG
 T IG B QBN
Q BN _ GB C N O 2
  _1
@i pri`or pnbk go sbnug

tribnos y ajksisto ok roauporbr `btoribnos j ono`oktjs quo sirvbk aj`j `btorib

pri`b. ]jr oho`pnj, njs `btoribnos utinizbgjs ok nb dbcriabaiñk go nbtbs.

Bljrb quo ajkjaos nb anbsiabaiñk go nb cbsurb, cbsurb y 7S go nb sustoktbcinigbg

puogos aj`okzbr b robnizbr ukb ab`pbòb go ni`piozb pbrtiokgj gosgo tu ikgivigubni -
gbg o ikvitbr bn rostj gon ajnoativj go tu osauonb b djr`br pbrto go ostb kjcno nbcjr,
Gieitbnàzbto
ajktricuir b `bktokor kuostrj oktjrkj ni`pij nj aubn dbvjroao tbktj b kuostrb sbnug Ostb jrebkizbaiñk tioko
aj`j b nb sbkb ajkvivokaib go nbs porsjkbs. vbrijs puktjs go roaianbho
ok nb Xjkb @otrjpjnitbkb
go Eubgbnbhbrb, pjgribs
AIOSSO ukirto b roainabr.

Qi oros go jtrb aiugbg

BAWITIGBG 3  AIOSSO pjgribs cusabr bneukb
jtrb jrebkizbaiñk ok
tu aj`ukigbg.
• Ok on sieuiokto
sieuiokto ospbaij, osarico baorab go tus oxporiokaibs bprokgiokgj go ni`pio-
zb y roaianbho. lttps8//cit.ny/15IHY5f

Kjtb pbrb on butjr8

sueiori`js osto
nikf go ukb jrebki-
zbaiñk ok Eubgb-
nbhbrb quo ikvitb b
roainabr ok vbribs
ajnjkibs
go nb aiubg.

221
 

 TII GB Q B N_ GB C N O 2
 T
_1
@i pri`or pnbk go sbnug

]rjyoatj go ni`pi
ni`piozb
ozb
• ]jrtbgb.
• Wàtunj gon prjyoatj8

• Bnu`kjs quo pbrtiaipbk8

• Erbg
Erbgj8
j8 Erupj8
Erup j8 Wurkj8

• Kj`cro go gjaokto8

• Nuebr y doalb8

• Abniabaiñk8

Hustiflabaiñk
Ok ostb pbrto
pbr to gon prjyoatj so prosoktbk nbs rbzjkos, `jtivjs y breu`oktjs pjr njs aubnos osto prjyoatj
rospjkgo b ukb prjcno`âtiab quo so quioro rosjnvor
rosjnvor y pjr nbs aubnos nnovbrnj b abcj. Noo on oho`pnj.

  Oho`pnj
„Nb prosokto ikvostiebaiñk so okdjabrâ ok ostugibr njs lâcitjs go roprjguaaiñk go njs sbn`jkos go
nb roeiñk `ogitorrâkob go Ourjpb, yb quo, gocigj b njs roaioktos ab`cijs oajnñeiajs ok on beub y nbs
to`porbturbs go nb roeiñk prjguaigjs pjr nb bativigbg oajkñ`iab lu`bkb, on aj`pjrtb`ioktj go os-
tjs bki`bnos so lb vistj `jgiflabgj. Bsà, on prosokto trbcbhj por`itiràb `jstrbr njs ab`cijs quo nb
ospoaio lb gosbrrjnnbgj pbrb bgbptbrso b nbs kuovbs airaukstbkaibs go su oajsisto`b, y prjdukgizbr njs
ajkjai`ioktjs toñriajs sjcros njs prjaosjs go bgbptbaiñk baonorbgb, bgo`âs go jdroaor ukb `irbgb
iktoerbn sjcro on gbòj b`cioktbn prjguaigj pjr on aroai`ioktj oajkñ`iaj kj sustoktbcno, byugbkgj b
nb ajkaioktizbaiñk go nb pjcnbaiñk njabn

‐Kjs prjpjko`js oktjkaos ikvostiebr nb ovjnuaiñk go nbs ajkaopaijkos toñriabs go nualb go anbsos y
ostruaturb oajkñ`iab b nj nbrej go nb jcrb go Bktjkij Erb`sai, puos ajksigorb`js quo njs bkânisis

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@i pri`or pnbk go sbnug

provijs lbk pbsbgj pjr bntj nb ajkaopaiñk dukgb`oktbn`okto gikâ`iab o ikostbcno sjcro nb sjaiogbg
lu`bkb quo ostâ prosokto ok njs trbcbhjs go Erb`sai, y quo rosuntb go vitbn i`pjrtbkaib pbrb aj`-
prokgor pnokb`okto on poksb`ioktj gon butjr.

‐Njs `jtivjs quo kjs nnovbrjk b ikvostiebr njs odoatjs gon usj go aonunbros ok nb sbnug go hñvokos `o-
kjros go 2< bòjs go anbso `ogib, so aoktrbk ok quo oso soatjr vunkorbcno go pjcnbaiñk so okauoktrb
oxpuostj ok `byjr `ogigb quo on rostj go nb sjaiogbg b njs riosejs quo
puogo i`pniabr nb utinizbaiñk ajktikub go njs bpbrbtjs go tonodjkàb
aonunbr, gocigj b sus lâcitjs aunturbnos y sjaibnos. ]rotokgo`js
oktjkaos byugbr b bnortbr go ostjs ponierjs, bsà aj`j eokorbr
ajkjai`ioktjs quo byugok ok on trbtb`ioktj go njs odoatjs
prjguaigjs pjr on bcusj ok on usj go ostb toakjnjeàb.

‐]oksb`js quo `ogibkto on bkânisis gotbnnbgj go nb ovj-

nuaiñk go nbs trbksbaaijkos flkbkaiorbs robnizbgbs ok nbs
prikaipbnos cjnsbs gon `ukgj gurbkto on poràjgj 3==?-
3=2=, bsà aj`j nb ikgbebaiñk baorab go añ`j njs beoktos
flkbkaiorjs y cbkabrijs poraicàbk nb situbaiñk gon sisto`b
flkbkaiorj, kjs por`itirâ banbrbr njs `oabkis`js oajkñ-
`iajs quo pjsicinitbk on gosbrrjnnj go ukb arisis oajkñ`i-
ab go gi`oksijkos enjcbnos aj`j nb quo on `ukgj viviñ b
pbrtir gon bòj 3==9, y bsà `ohjrbr b gisoòbr pjnàtiabs pøcniabs
roeunbtjribs y ajktrb aàaniabs quo dbvjrozabk nb ostbcinigbg gon
sisto`b flkbkaiorj njabn o iktorkbaijkbn‐.

Arjkjerb`b

Baaiñk pjr robnizbr Doalb Sospjksbcnos

22?

 
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_1
@i pri`or pnbk go sbnug

Bativigbgos
Ok ostb pbrto so gosbrrjnnbrâk ospoaàab`okto tjgbs nbs bativigbgos b robnizbr, soeøk on arjkj-
erb`b ostbcnoaigj. Ok nb ajnu`kb go „Jcsorvbaijkos‐ so bkjtbrâk tjgbs bquonnbs situbaijkos quo
so gosook roajrgbr j b nbs aubnos lby quo pjkornos btokaiñk, yb sob pjrquo sjk ajkgiaijkos pbrb
tj`br ok auoktb j roaursjs quo gocbk ostbr gispjkicnos.

Doalb Bativigbgos Jcsor vbaijkos

Jchotivj eokorbn
Bquà bkjtbrâs nb sjnuaiñk quo so osporb njerbr ajk nb puostb
puost b ok `bralb go osto prjyoatj. Tor oho`pnj.

  Oho`pnj
 Wo`b8 Bprjcbr `bto`âtiabs.
•

 Jchotivj eokorbn8
•

- Bprjcbr `bto`âtiabs gurbkto tjgj on bòj.

 Jchotivjs ospoaàflajs
• ospoaàflajs88
- @bktokorso bn gàb ajk njs ohoraiaijs ikgiabgjs pjr njs prjdosjros.
- ]rbatiabr ajk oxâ`okos go pruocb ukb so`bkb bktos go njs oxâ`okos robnos.
- Lbaor nbs proeuktbs quo sobk koaosbribs pbrb oktokgor njs to`bs kuovjs.‐

 Wo`b8 Ni`piozb.
•

 Jchotivj eokorbn8
•

- Ni`pibr ukb absb quo lb ostbgj goslbcitbgb pjr gjs bòjs.

224

 
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 Jchotivjs ospoaàflajs
• ospoaàflajs88
- Ni`pibr njs `uocnos.
- Ni`pibr njs pisjs.
- Ni`pibr pbrogos y voktbkbs.
- Aj`prjcbr on dukaijkb`ioktj go abòoràbs y tj`bs go onoatriaigbg y ropbrbr nj quo sob koaosbrij.

Soaursjs
Bquà bkjtbrâs tbktj nj quo so pioksb koaositbr ok roaursjs `btoribnos aj`j oajkñ`iajs y lu`b -
kjs. On ajstj go ostjs roaursjs sà os koaosbrij. Tor oho`pnj.

  Oho`pnj

Wipj A b t o e j r ib Soaursjs Gosaripaiñk Duokto @jktj

dkbkaibgjrb

]réstb`j
Oquipj Nbptjp. _AJN

Soaursjs Oquipj Erbcbgjrb gieitbn. ]orsjkbn

Ikdrbostruaturb
gispjkicnos ]brb trbksnbgjs b
nb aj`ukigbg ok ]réstb`j
 Tolàaunj
 Tolàaunj gjkgo so bpniabrâk _AJN
nbs okauostbs.

Djtjajpibs ?== djtjajpibs go ]SJGO] $ 3==.==

Ebstjs go nbs okauostbs.
trbcbhj
Soaursjs go ab`pj Ebsjnikb ]brb trbksnbgjs. ]SJGO] $ 3 ===.==
koaosbrijs

@btoribnos ]bpon Ljhbs pbrb nb i`pro- ]orsjkbn $ 3?=.==

siñk go cjrrbgjros.

SOA_SQJQ AJQWJ

225

 
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_1
@i pri`or pnbk go sbnug

SOA_SQJQ AJQWJ

Ohoauaiñk
• Bquà bkjtbrâs nb doalb nà`ito pbrb nb puostb ok `bralb. Os goair, nb doalb ok quo goco ikiaibr
on prjyoatj.

Ovbnubaiñk y soeui`ioktj
Wo prjpjko`js ukb nistb go ajtohj go baaijkos quo so gocok go robnizbr ajkdjr`o bn arjkjerb`b ostb -
cnoaigj. Wø bkjtbrâs tjgbs bquonnbs baaijkos quo so gocbk go vieinbr y voriabr quo so lbybk robnizbgj.

Bativigbg Sobnizbgj Kj robnizbgj

Bhustos

22<

 
  TII GB Q B N_ GB CN O 2
 T
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@i pri`or pnbk go sbnug

Sosuntbgjs
Bquà bkjtbrâs tjgjs njs rosuntbgjs jctokigjs. Kj i`pjrtb quo kj tjgjs njs rosuntbgjs sobk pjsiti -
vjs, yb quo éstjs kjs byugbrâk b `ohjrbr pbrb on sieuiokto prjyoatj. Os bntb`okto roaj`okgbcno
quo so bkjtok njs njerjs y njs rosuntbgjs ikosporbgjs quo, sik quoror, tb`ciék so njerbrjk. Éxitj.

229

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 _1
@i pri`or pnbk go sbnug

]bsjs pbrb gisoòbr ukb ab`pbòb pucniaitbrib

pucniaitbrib go uk prjguatj
2. Jchotivj

3. Crioflke j rosu`ok
• _tinizb abgb ukj go njs aubgrjs pbrb robnizbr gibpjstivbs
gibpjstivbs go tu criodke.
criodke.  

23=

 TII GB Q B N_ GB CN O 2
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 @i pri`or pnbk go sbnug

1. ]rjpuostb cbso

232

 TII GB Q B N_ GB C N O 2
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_1
@i pri`or pnbk go sbnug
 7. Onbcjrbaiñk gon `oksbho

?. Onoaaiñk go `ogijs y robnizbaiñk go brtos flkbnos

• Sobnizb ukb nistb.

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 4. Gisoòj gon pnbk go `ogijs
• Sobnizb uk abnokgbrij gjkgo `brabrâs qué gàbs y qué `ogij so utinizbrâ pbrb nb ab`pbòb.

5. Bgbptbr on `oksbho b njs `ogijs

231

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_1
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 <. Qoeui`ioktj go ab`pbòb
• Osarico pjr gàb on soeui`ioktj
soeui`ioktj go tu ab`pbòb ok njs `ogijs.

Gàb8 Gàb8

Gàb8 Gàb8

Gàb8 Gàb8

Gàb8 Gàb8

]bsjs pbrb gisoòbr ukb ab`pbò

a b`pbòbb go sbnug
2. Goflkir nbs `otbs y njs jchotivjs go nb ab`pbòb go sbnug

237

 TII GB Q B N_ GB CN O 2
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@i pri`or pnbk go sbnug
 3. Onoeir b uk aj`ité go pnbkobaiñk y ajjrgikbgjros

1. Qonoaaijkbr b njs `io`crjs gon aj`ité go pnbkobaiñk

7. Qonoaaijkbr b njs ajjrgikbgjros

23?

 TII GB Q B N_ GB C N O 2
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_1
@i pri`or pnbk go sbnug
 ?. Igoktiflabr b nb bugiokaib b nb quo so quioro okdjabr nb ab`pbòb go sbnug

?.2 Qonoaaijkbr uk to`b aoktrbn pbrb nb ab`pbòb go sbnug

?.3 Goflkir ono`oktjs pucniaitbrijs

234

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 Søcriab go ovbnubaiñk
Butjovbnubaiñk
• Ajktostb y oktroeb b tu gjaokto.

Kj`cro8

Erupj8 Wurkj8 Kø`. go nistb8

Bneukbs
S B Q E JQ Qio`pro Absi sio`pro Kukab
 voaos
Nb pbrtiaipbaiñk go tu aj`pbòorj j
aj`pbòorb ok nbs bativigbgos go osto
cnjquo os bativb rospotujsb y prjpjsitivb.
Wu aj`pbòorj j aj`pbòorb gb `uostrb
go rospotbr on poksb`ioktj y nb nicortbg
go oxprosiñk, go auntj, igoktigbg soxubn, y
nicro gosbrrjnnj go su porsjkbnigbg.
 DBNWB IKDJS@BAIÑK
Wu aj`pbòorj j aj`pbòorb oxpjko sus
prjpibs igobs y rospotb nbs jpikijkos go
njs go`âs.
Wu aj`pbòorj j aj`pbòorb robnizb nbs
bativigbgos gon nicrj go `bkorb porsjkbn,
sik ajpibr nbs bativigbgos b jtrjs.
Wu aj`pbòorj j aj`pbòorb so prjpjko
`otbs pbrb osto toraor cnjquo y nbs ostâ
ost â
robnizbkgj. Tor „Njerj ?‐ (pâeikb 27?) y
„ºAñ`j bvbkzbsto ok tus njerjs:‐ (pâeikb
245).

Ajovbnubaiñk
• Aj`pbrto nb røcriab ajk uk aj`pbòorj
aj`pbòorj j aj`pbòorb pbrb quo to ovbnøo y lbs nj `is`j
`is`j pbrb én j onnb.

Kj`cro8
Erupj8 Wurkj8 Kø`. go nistb8

Kj`cro gon aj`pbòorj j aj`pbòorb quo robnizb nb ajovbnubaiñk8

Bneukbs
SBQEJQ Qio`pro Absi sio`pro Kukab
 voaos
Nb pbrtiaipbaiñk go tu aj`pbòorj j
aj`pbòorb ok nbs bativigbgos go osto
cnjquo os bativb rospotujsb y prjpjsitivb.

235

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_1
@i pri`or pnbk go sbnug

Wu aj`pbòorj j aj`pbòorb gb `uostrb

 go rospotbr on poksb`ioktj y nb nicortbg
go oxprosiñk, go auntj, igoktigbg soxubn, y
nicro gosbrrjnnj go su porsjkbnigbg.
Wu aj`pbòorj j aj`pbòorb oxpjko sus
prjpibs igobs y rospotb nbs jpikijkos go
njs go`âs.  DBNWB IKDJS@BAIÑK
Wu aj`pbòorj
bativigbgos gonjnicrj
aj`pbòorb robnizb
go `bkorb nbs
porsjkbn,
sik ajpibr nbs bativigbgos b jtrjs.
Wu aj`pbòorj
aj`pbòorj j aj`pbòorb so prjpjko
`otbs pbrb osto toraor cnjquo y nbs ostâ
robnizbkgj. Tor „Njerj ?‐ (pâeikb 27
27?)
?) y
„ºAñ`j bvbkzbsto ok tus njerjs:‐ (pâeikb
245).

Lotorjovbnubaiñk
• ]brb aj`pnotbr tu ovbnubaiñk, oktroeb nb sieuiokto røcriab b tu prjdosjr.

Kj`cro8
Erupj8 Wurkj88
Wurkj Kø`. go nistb8

Bneukbs
S BQEJQ Qio`pro Absi sio`pro Kukab
 voaos
Nb pbrtiaipbaiñk go tu aj`pbòorj j
aj`pbòorb ok nbs bativigbgos go osto
cnjquo os bativb rospotujsb y prjpjsitivb.
Wu aj`pbòorj j aj`pbòorb gb `uostrb
go rospotbr on poksb`ioktj y nb nicortbg
go oxprosiñk, go auntj, igoktigbg soxubn, y
nicro gosbrrjnnj go su porsjkbnigbg.
 DBNWB IKDJS@BAIÑK
Wu aj`pbòorj j aj`pbòorb oxpjko sus
prjpibs igobs y rospotb nbs jpikijkos go
njs go`âs.
Wu aj`pbòorj j aj`pbòorb robnizb nbs
bativigbgos gon nicrj go `bkorb porsjkbn,
sik ajpibr nbs bativigbgos b jtrjs.
Wu aj`pbòorj j aj`pbòorb so prjpjko
`otbs pbrb osto toraor cnjquo y nbs ostâ
robnizbkgj. Tor „Njerj ?‐ (pâeikb 27
27?)
?) y
„ºAñ`j bvbkzbsto ok tus njerjs:‐ (pâeikb
245).

23<

 
 TII GB Q BN _ GB C NO 2
 T
 Cicnijerbdàb
Noñk, Dnjr y Erbkbgjs, Worosb. (3=25). Woakjnjeàb I . @éxiaj8 _`crbn Ogitjribn.
Qbebsti, S. Drbkaisaj. (3==<). Aiokaib, toakjnjeàb y gosbrrjnnj nbtikjb`oriabkj. @éxiaj8 Djkgj go
Aunturb Oajkñ`iab.

Qoarotbràb
]rjerb`bs go
go Oguabaiñk ]øcniab.
O stugij pbrb
Ostugij (3=25).Câsiab.
nb Oguabaiñk
 Bprokgizbhos Anbvo pbrb nb oguabaiñk iktoerbn. ]nbk y
@éxiaj8 QO].
QO].
Qoarotbràb go Oguabaiñk ]øcniab. (3=25). Aj`pjkokto butjkj`àb aurriaunbr . @éxiaj8 QO].
Wjkgb, Hubk y Diorrj, Huniotb. (3==?). On nicrj go nbs ajalikbgbs. @éxiaj8 BGK Ogitjros.
Wjvbr, B. (3==2). On ajkstruativis`j ok on prjaosj go Oksoòbkzb Bprokgizbho, @éxiaj8 I]K.

SODOSOKAIBQ ONOAWSÑKIABQ 
ºRué tipj go pion tokej: Ok Kivob. Ajksuntbgj ok8 lttps8//www.kivob.os/roaj`okgbaijkos/ 
pion-cjkitb/quo-tipj-go-pion-tokej
B`brbktj, quonito, quiktjkinos, bnoeràb Lubtni, tzjbnni. Ok Cijgivorsigbg @oxiabkb. Ajksuntbgj
ok8 lttp8//www.cijgivorsigbg.ejc.`x/usjs/bni`oktbaijk/b`brbktj.lt`n
Crovos auoktjs gon Cugb I8 On roebnj. Ok arobr ajkaiokaib. Ajksuntbgj ok8 lttp8//bcro`okto.
cnjespjt.aj`/3=22/2=/crovos-auoktjs-gon-cugb-i-on-roebnj.lt`n
Ajkjao `øntipnos aj`cikbaijkos pbrb lbaor gistiktjs tipjs go alb`pøs kbturbnos. Ok
Oajberiauntjr.. Ajksuntbgj ok8 lttps8//ww
Oajberiauntjr lt tps8//ww w.oajberiauntjr
w.oajberiauntjr.aj`/aj`j-lbaor
.aj`/aj`j-lbaor-alb`pu-kbturbn
-alb`pu-kbturbn/ 
/ 
Ebraàb, Hubk Drbkaisaj. (3=24).
(3=24). ]brb qué aj`o`js y kjs bni`oktb`js. Ok Qbnug, ciokostbr okoreàb.
Ajksuntbgj ok8 lttp8//sbnugciokostbryokoreib.cnjespjt.aj`/3=22/=4/pbrb-quo-aj`o`js-y-kjs-
bni`oktb`js.lt`n#.Uw1vROxDzoH
]onj. Uifipogib. Nb okaianjpogib nicro. Ajksuntbgj ok8 lttps8//os.wifipogib.jre/wifi/]onj
]éroz, Alristibk. Tbnjros kutriaijkbnos gon `bàz. Ok Kbtursbk. Ajksuntbgj ok8 lttps8//www.
kbtursbk.kot/vbnjr-kutriaijkbn-`biz/ 
]jtbkzb, Gunao. (3=24). B`brbktj, aorobn quo puogo aj`cbtir nb jcosigbg. Ok Woa Soviow.
Ajksuntbgj ok8 lttp8//toaroviow.itos`.`x/b`brbktj-aorobn-quo-puogo-aj`cbtir-nb-jcosigbg/ 
Woakjsoaukgbrib. (3=2<). Dbsos go uk prjyoatj toakjnñeiaj (@étjgj go ]rjyoatjs)
Ajksuntbgj ok8 lttp8//www.toakjsoaukgbrib.os/ikgox.plp/on-prjaosj-toakjnjeiaj/?4-dbsos-
gon-prjaosj-toakjnjeiaj-`otjgj-go-prjyoatjs
_kiaod @éxiaj. Qbnug y kutriaiñk. Ajksuntbgj ok8 lttps8//www.ukiaod.jre/`oxiaj/spbkisl/25=75.lt`
 TI_ / _kivorsigbg (3=25).
(3=25). ]rjyoatj toakjnñeiaj, gokiaiñk y otbpbs prikaipbnos. Ajksuntbgj ok8
lttps8//www.ukivorsigbgviu.os/prjyoatj-toakjnjeiaj-gokiaijk-otbpbs-prikaipbnos/ 

239

 T
 TII GB Q B N _ GB CN O 2
 21=

 
Bkoxjs
 
 Ostruaturb go ukb kjtb porijgàstiab
Nuebr y doalb

2 Wàtunj
Crovo, kjtiaijsj, nnb`btivj, prjvoaljsj, porijgàstiaj,
oktrotokigj. _sbr pbnbcrbs anbvo, Kj`cros aj`pnotjs.

3 Oktrbgb
Ikdjr`baiñk rosu`igb y anbrb ok uk pârrbdj ºRué:
ºRuiék/os: ºGñkgo: ºAuâkgj: ºAñ`j: º]jr qué:

1 Auorpj go nb kjtb
Kj `âs go aikaj pârrbdjs ajk igobs ajkarotbs.
Abrâator kjtiaijsj.
Ajksigorb i`âeokos go bpjyj.
Gbtjs y aidrbs i`pjrtbktos.
Gotbnnos i`pjrtbktos y bgiaijkbnos j bktoaogoktos.
Ikanuir aitbs.

Ikdjr`baiñk roauporb
roauporbgb
gb go >lttp8//bkto
>lttp8//bktozbkbaa.a
zbkbaa.aj`/gjas/EuibZp
j`/gjas/EuibZpbrbZonbcjrbr
brbZonbcjrbrZkjtbsZporijgistia
ZkjtbsZporijgistiabsZyZkjtbsZgoZp
bsZyZkjtbsZgoZproksb.pgd;
roksb.pgd;

211
 

• Ikgiabaijkos8 bkjtb uk bspoatj pjsitivj go nb porsjkb quo ostâ ok nb djtjerbdàb y tu kj`cro gocbhj go
tu bkjtbaiñk.

Kj`cro8
 Djtj bquà

21?

 
 214

 
 WBSHOWB GO SOAOWBQ

Ikerogioktos
Añ`j lbaornj

215
 

SOAJSWBC NO #3
#3

• Soajrtb nbs sieuioktos i`beokos y utinàzbnbs aj`j so to ikgiab.

219
 

SOAJSWBC NO #1
#1

• Soajrtb nbs sieuioktos i`beokos y utinàzbnbs aj`j so to ikgiab.