2.4 Electrical Safety
2.4 Electrical Safety
ELECTRICAL SAFETY
DAN PERSYARATAN UMUM INSTALASI LISTRIK
Nana Heryana
.REFERENSI
DATA NARASUMBER
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.OUTLINE
Pendahuluan
Pandangan Umum Bahaya Listrik
Cara Aman Menghindari Bahaya Listrik
Persyaratan Umum Instalasi Listrik
Proteksi Sederhana pada Instalasi Listrik
Safe Practices
Penutup
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.PENDAHULUAN
Kesalahan Pekerja
Kegagalan Peralatan
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.PENYEBAB
# AVOID ACCIDENTS
KECELAKAAN
#
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.BAHAYA LISTRIK: ELECTRICITY – LIVE OR STORED (2)
Batere
Battery
Penyimpan
(stored)
Energi Listrik
Kapasitor Electrical
Penyimpan capacitors
Energi (stored)
Electrical
Induktor
Inductors
(stored) Penyimpan Energi
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.BAHAYA LISTRIK: SENGATAN LISTRIK & LUKA BAKAR
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H= rt
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.SAFETY FIRST & ALWAYS
Listrik Berbahaya
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.SAFETY FIRST & ALWAYS (1)
i
V R
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V R
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.SAFETY FIRST & ALWAYS (3)
i
V R
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.# IMPORTANT ANNOUNCEMENTS #
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.TERMINOLOGI DAN BESARAN LISTRIK
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.VOLTAGE KILLS
1 mA-Terasa
10 mA-shock
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.ELECTRICAL CURRENT EFFECTS ON THE HUMAN BODY (1)
Current (mA)
3000 Jantung berhenti luka bakar parah pada tubuh
700 Luka bakar ke jaringan tubuh
100 Jantung berkontraksi sangat cepat
70 Risiko kematian
50 Sangat sulit bernapas
30 shock berat
20 Sulit bernafas
10 Kontraksi Otot
7 Kejutan listrik menyakitkan
3 Kejutan Ringan
1 Ambang sensasi
Charles A. Wentz, Safety, Health and Environmental Protection, MGH, 1998.
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.ELECTRICAL CURRENT EFFECTS ON THE HUMAN BODY (3)
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2 • Besar Arus
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• Tahanan tubuh
Orang biasanya tidak terkena sengatan listrik oleh arus fase atau fase-ke-
netral, hampir semua kecelakaan adalah fase-ke-bumi.
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.RESISTANSI TUBUH MANUSIA
Kering:
100.000 – 600.000 Ω
Basah: 1.000 Ω
Tangan-kaki:
400 – 600 Ω
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V R
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.CARA AMAN MENGHINDARI BAHAYA LISTRIK (2)
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• Sepatu
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.CARA AMAN MENGHINDARI BAHAYA LISTRIK (4)
Tahanan sepatu
Tahanan tubuh
V
=
+ +
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• Kesesuaian instalasi
2
• Kekuatan daya tahan sistem mekanik
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• Sistem isolasi listrik
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• Efek pemanasan pada kondisi operasi
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• Efek busur api (saklar/on-off)
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• Klasifikasi parameter kelistrikan (V,A,W)
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.PERALATAN LISTRIK BERLABEL
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.KESESUAIAN INSTALASI
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.PENYAMBUNGAN KABEL
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.PERSYARATAN UMUM PANEL
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.LINDUNGI KABEL DARI ABRASI
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.WIRING DESIGN AND PROTECTION (2)
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.WIRING DESIGN AND PROTECTION (4)
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Polaritas Benar
Netral Fasa
Ground
Fasa
Ground Netral
Polaritas Terbalik
Stop Kontak Harus ada terminal ground!
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.STOP KONTAK (2)
x
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.KABEL EKSTENSI HARUS 3 KAWAT
x
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.STEKER KABEL
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.PERHATIKAN KONDISI PERALATAN & INSTALASI
Tidak layak
digunakan lagi,
buang!
Tidak boleh
dililitkan ke
paku!
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TEST PEN
MULTIMETER
CLAMP METER
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.PROTEKSI SEDERHANA: Dari mana sumber listrik?
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Di tiang listrik dari gardu distribusi ada 4 kawat fasa R,S,T dan N Netral
Tegangan antar fasa (R-S, S-T dan R-T = 380 Volt)
Teganga Fasa Netral yang ke pelanggan satu fasa menggunakan 2 kawat, R-N
atau S-N atau T-N dengan tegangan 220 V
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.LISTRIK SATU-FASA & TIGA-FASA
3,8 CM
2,2 CM
1200
1200 R
N 2,2 CM
1200
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.PROTEKSI SEDERHANA INSTALASI LISTRIK (2)
3 kawat
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.FUSE (SEKERING)
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.Mini Circuit Breaker (MCB)
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.Karakteristik Arus-waktu MCB
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.PROTEKSI SEDERHANA- PUIL-PLN (2)
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Sumber BEBAN
Listrik
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.SAFE PRACTICES (2)
Sumber
Listrik
Sumber BEBAN
Listrik
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.Principles of core balance protection
earth leakage circuit breakers (ELCB) / residual The ELCBs are available with sensitivity of 30 mA, 100
mA and 300 mA. For human protection, 30 mA ELCBs
current circuit breakers (RCCB) is recommended, since currents flowing above 30 mA
in a human can cause serious damage including death.
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.Lockout -Tagout
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.P3K KECELAKAAN AKIBAT LISTRIK (2)
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.PENUTUP
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TERIMAKASIH
nana@konversi.ee.itb.ac.id
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