DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL ...................................................................................... i

HALAMAN JUDUL DENGAN SPESIFIKASI .......................................... ii
PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS ............................................................... iii
PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN ............................................................... iv
DAFTAR ISI .................................................................................................. xiii
DAFTAR TABEL .......................................................................................... xv
DAFTAR GAMBAR ..................................................................................... xvi
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN .................................................................................. xvii

BAB I PENDAHULUAN
A. Latar Belakang .......................................................................... 1
B. Rumusan Masalah ..................................................................... 7
C. Tujuan Penelitian ....................................................................... 7
1. Tujuan Umum...................................................................... 7
2. Tujuan Khusus...................................................................... 7
D. Manfaat Penelitian ..................................................................... 7
1. Bagi Peneliti......................................................................... 7
2. Bagi Institusi........................................................................ 8
3. Bagi Sekolah........................................................................ 9

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

A. Pengetahuan............................................................................... 10
1. Definisi................................................................................. 10
2. Factor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Pengetahuan................. 10
a. Umur............................................................................... 10
b. Pendidikan...................................................................... 10
c. Pekerjaan........................................................................ 11
d. Pengalaman.................................................................... 11
e. Kepercayaan................................................................... 12
3. Cara Memperoleh Pengetahuan........................................... 12
a. Cara Coba-coba.............................................................. 12
b. Cara Kekuasaan atau Otoritas........................................ 13
c. Berdasarkan Pengalaman Pribadi................................... 13
d. Melalui Jalan Pikiran...................................................... 13
e. Cara Modern dalam Memperoleh Pengetahuan............. 14
4. Tingkat Pengetahuan............................................................ 14
a. Tahu (know)................................................................... 14
b. Memahami (Comprehensian)......................................... 14
c. Analisis (Analysis)......................................................... 14
 d. Sintesis (Synthesis)........................................................ 15
e. Evaluasi (Evaluation)..................................................... 15
B. Terapis........................................................................................ 15
C. Kesehatan Gigi dan Mulut.......................................................... 18
1. Pengertian Kesehatan Gigi................................................... 18
2. Cara Melakukan Perawatan Gigi.......................................... 19
3. Prinsip yang Harus diperhatikan dalam Perawatan
Gigi Anak............................................................................. 20
a. Gizi Makanan................................................................. 21
b. Jenis Makanan................................................................ 21
c. Peranan Orang Tua......................................................... 21
D. Anak Autis.................................................................................. 22
1. Pengertian Anak Autis......................................................... 22
2. Karakteristik Anak Autis...................................................... 23
a. Gangguan Pada Kongnitif.............................................. 24
b. Gangguan Keterampilan Sosial...................................... 24
c. Gangguan Komunikasi................................................... 26
d. Gangguan Presepsi Sensorik.......................................... 27
e. Gangguan Perilaku dan Perasaan................................... 28
3. Penyebab Autis..................................................................... 30
a. Riwayat Asfiksia............................................................ 31
b. Usia Ibu.......................................................................... 32
c. Riwayat Penggunaan Antidepresia................................. 32
d. Pendarahan Maternal...................................................... 33
e. Jenis Kelamin Anak....................................................... 33
4. Faktor lainnya yang dapat menyebabkan gangguan autis.... 34
a. Faktor Genetik................................................................ 34
b. Faktor Neurobiologis...................................................... 34
c. Faktor imunologis dan bahan kimia............................... 35
5. Klasifikasi Autis................................................................... 35
a. Autis Ringan................................................................... 36
b. Autis Sedang.................................................................. 36
c. Autis Berat...................................................................... 36
6. Jenis Jenis Autis................................................................... 37
a. Autis Disorder................................................................ 37
b. Asperger Syndrome........................................................ 37
c. Childhood Disintegrative Disorder................................ 38
d. Pervasive Developmental Disorder (Not Otherwise
Specified)....................................................................... 38
 7. Bimbingan Autis Secara Mental.......................................... 39
E. Kebersihan Gigi dan Mulut........................................................ 40
1. Pengertian Kebersihan Gigi dan Mulut................................ 40
2. Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kebersihan Gigi dan
Mulut.................................................................................... 40
a. Plak................................................................................. 40
b. Debris............................................................................. 42
c. Calculus.......................................................................... 42
3. Cara Mengukur Kesehatan Gigi........................................... 43
a. Gigi Index OHI-S........................................................... 43
b. Kriteria Debris Index (DI).............................................. 45
c. Kriteria Calculus Index (CI)........................................... 45
d. Cara Melakukan Penilaian Debris dan Calculus............ 46
F. Kerangka Teori .......................................................................... 47

BAB III METODE PENELITIAN

A. Jenis Penelitian........................................................................... 48
B. Kerangka Konsep....................................................................... 48
C. Variabel Penelitan dan Definisi Operasional ............................ 49
D. Hipotesis Penelitian.................................................................... 49
E. Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian ................................................... 50
1. Tempat Penelitian................................................................. 50
2. Waktu Penelitian.................................................................. 50
F. Populasi dan Sampel ................................................................. 51
1. Populasi................................................................................ 51
2. Sampel.................................................................................. 51
G. Data dan Metode Pengumpulan Data ........................................ 51
1. Kuesioner............................................................................. 51
a. Pertanyaan Tertutup....................................................... 52
b. Pertanyaan Terbuka........................................................ 52
2. Lembar Pemeriksaan Kebersihan Gigi dan Mulut............... 52
3. Lembar Perhitungan Index................................................... 52
4. Alat Penelitian...................................................................... 52
H. Analisa Data .............................................................................. 53
1. Analisa Data Univariat......................................................... 53
2. Analisa Data Bivariat........................................................... 54