162-171
ABSTRAK
Coefficient Of Performance (COP) merupakan salah satu indikator pada suatu sistem refrigerasi yang sangat
menentukan kerja dari sistem itu sendiri. Dengan melihat nilai dari COP pada satu sistem refrigerasi kita dapat
mengetahui kerja dari sistem tersebut, apakah sistem bekerja sebagaimana mestinya atau tidak. Karena kerja kompresor
dalam sistem refrigerasi sangat tergantung dari nilai COP tersebut, sedang kompresor dalam sistem refrigerasi
merupakan jantung dari sistem tersebut, jika nilai COP dari suatu sistem refrigerasi sangat tinggi maka sistem tersebut
tidak bekerja dengan baik atau tidak sesuai dengan kerja ideal, namun apa bila nilai COP yang kecil berarti kompresor
bekerja pada kondisi yang ideal.
Peningkatan COP dengan menggunakan air kondensasi ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen yang dilakukan
dengan lima tahap proses. Langkah pertama, yaitu memasang termocouple pada pipa saluran keluar kondensor yang
menuju katup ekspansi, pipa saluran keluar evaporator yang menuju kompresor, dan pipa saluran yang keluar
kompresor menuju ke kondensor. Langkah kedua pengambilan data pada saat mobil dinyalakan, AC mobil juga
dinyalakan dan mobil diam di dalam ruangan. Langkah ketiga pengambilan data pada saat mobil dinyalakan, mobil
diam di dalam ruangan namun AC mobil tidak dinyalakan. Hal ini dilakukan untuk mendapat perbedaan hasil yang
diperoleh dengan dan tanpa injektor plastik. Terakhir membandingkan hasil pengamatan nilai COP sistem AC dengan
menyemprotkan air kondensasi ke kondensor dengan sistem AC tanpa menyemprotkan air kondensasi ke kondensor.
Setelah melakukan penelitian ini,penulis dapat memberikan informasi tentang desain alat alternatif injektor
plastik untuk membantu mendinginkan temperatur refrigerant pada kondensor. Dan peningkatan nilai COP refrigerant
jenis R-134a setelah menggunakan air kondensasi yang disemprotkan oleh alat injektor plastik pada kondensor
mengalami peningkatan sebesar 2,118 dari yang sebelumnya nilai COP tanpa dipengaruhi oleh alat injektor plastik pada
kondensor sebesar 1,714.
Kata kunci: Coefficient of Performance , Refrigerant, kondensor
ABSTRACT
Coefficient Of Performance ( COP ) is one indicator at a refrigeration system that determine the working of
the system itself . By looking at the value of the COP on the refrigeration system we can know the working of the system
, whether the system is working properly or not . Because the compressor in a refrigeration system work depends on the
value of the COP , while the compressor in the refrigeration system is the heart of the system , if the value of the COP
of a refrigeration system is very high, then the system is not working properly , or does not match the ideal job , but
what if COP small value means that the compressor works in ideal conditions.
The increase in COP by using the condensation water is a research experiment conducted with the five stages
of the process . The first step , which is put termocouple the condenser outlet pipe leading to the expansion valve , the
evaporator outlet pipe to the compressor , and the compressor exit pipeline leading to the condenser . The second step
of data collection when the car is turned on , the car air conditioner is turned on and the car is stationary also in the
room . The third step of data collection when the car is turned on , the car is in the room but the air conditioning was
not turned on the car . This is done to get the difference in results obtained with and without plastic injector . Last
Peningkatan COP (Coefficient of Performance)
comparing observations COP value of the AC system by spraying water into the condenser with condensation without
spraying water air conditioning system condensate to the condenser.
After doing this research, the authors can provide information about plastic injector design alternative tool to
help cool the temperature of the refrigerant in the condenser. And the increase in COP value of R-134a refrigerant type
after using condensate water that is sprayed by means of a plastic injector on the condenser an increase of 2,118 from
the previous value of COP without being influenced by means of a plastic injector on the condenser of 1,714.
Keywords : Coefficient of Performance , refrigerant , condenser
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JTM. Volume 02 Nomor 02 Tahun 2014. 162-171
transmisi, kemudian diikat dan dibaut pada bagian Variabel bebas atau disebut dengan
bawah mobil. Pada tabung plastik dipasang sebuah independent variable dalam penelitian ini adalah
alat berupa motor washer sebagai pompa airnya. Variabel bebas dalam penelitian ini adalah suhu
Kemudian pada salah satu ujung motor washer yang ada di kondensor.
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JTM. Volume 02 Nomor 02 Tahun 2014. 162-171
penyemprot air pada kondensor : penyemprot air pada kondensor dan tanpa
menggunakan alat injektor penyemprot air.
- Setelah melepas injektor penyemprot air Kemudian dijelaskan desain alat injektor
dari semprotan air, sambungkan selang air penyemprot air pada kondensor. Pengolahan
ke injektor penyemprot air kiri dan kanan. data ditampilkan dalam bentuk gambar, tabel
- Pasang injektor penyemprot air ke dan grafik.
rumah/plat penahan agar rapat dan tidak
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JTM. Volume 02 Nomor 02 Tahun 2014. 162-171
Suhu Suhu Suhu Termometer Digital (0C) Suhu Suhu Suhu Termometer Digital (0C)
Udara Dalam Udara Dalam
Luar Kabin T1 T2 T3 T4 Luar Kabin T1 T2 T3 T4
(0C) (0C) (0C) (0C)
Uji ke 290 180 180 850 450 -130 Uji ke 290 190 190 870 610 -100
1 1
Uji ke 310 180 180 870 480 -130 Uji ke 310 190 200 900 610 -100
2 2
Uji ke 310 180 180 870 480 -130 Uji ke 310 190 200 900 610 -100
3 3
Tabel 3.
Hasil Perhitungan Qw,Qc,Qe=RE,dan COP dengan menggunakan dan tidak injektor penyemprot air
pada kondensor untuk Refrigerant jenis R-134 a.
163
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JTM. Volume 02 Nomor 02 Tahun 2014. 162-171
di dalam kabin kendaraan menjadi semakin Fan dan Boiler. Skripsi Program S1
0 0 Pendidikan Teknik Mesin Universitas
dingin dari (19 C – 18 C).
Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta.
Saran
Stoecker, Wilbert F., and Jones, Jerold W. 1982.
Dari serangkaian penellitian, pengujian, Refrigerasi dan Pengkondisian Udara.
analisis data dan pengambilan kesimpulan yang Jakarta : Erlangga.
telah dilakukan, maka dapat diberikan saran
Sugiono. 2010. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif,
sebagai berikut: Kualitatif dan R&D. Bandung: CV.
Alfabeta.
Pengujian dilakukan hendaknya alat-alat
ukur dikalibrasi terlebih dahulu agar hasil Sungadiyanto. 2006. Studi Eksperimental Performa
MesinPengkondisian Udara Dengan
yang didapat lebih akurat.
Refrigeran R-22. Semarang. Tugas Akhir
Pada saat pengujian, hendaknya jenis Universitas Negeri Semarang.
refrigerant jangan berubah-ubah. Karena
Supadi, dkk. 2010. Panduan Penulisan Skripsi
dapat mempengaruhi sistem refrigerasi Program S1. Surabaya: FT - Universitas
Negeri Surabaya.
pada mobil.
Alat termometer digital harus bisa Tri Agung. 2000. RPKPS dan Buku Ajar
Termodinamika Lanjut. Yogyakarta. Jurnal
membaca ke empat sensor thermocouple
Jurusan Teknik Mesin Fakultas Teknik
secara bersamaan, jangan satu per satu Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta.
sensor dibaca, karena akan
Wibowo. 2006. Pengaruh Massa Refrigerant R-12
mempengaruhi keakuratan pengukuran dan Putaran Blower Evaporator terhadap
temperatur. COP pada Sistem Pengkondisian Udara
Mobil. Jurnal Jurusan Teknik Mesin
Untuk saluran-saluran pipa yang telah Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang.
dipasang thermometer digital beserta
thermocouple agar selalu diperiksa
apakah ada kebocoran refrigerant atau
tidak pada sambungan las, karena pabila
terjadi kebocoran dapat mempengaruhi
pengukuran temperatur.
Diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut tentang
pengaruh peningkatan nilai COP
penggunaan alat injektor penyemprot air
pada saat mobil dikendarai di jalan raya.
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Moran, M.J. dan Howard, N. Shapiro. 2004.
Termodinamika Teknik jilid I. Jakarta:
Erlangga
171
163
Peningkatan COP (Coefficient of Performance)
ABSTRACT
Coefficient Of Performance ( COP ) is one indicator at a refrigeration system that determine the working of
the system itself . By looking at the value of the COP on the refrigeration system we can know the working of the system
, whether the system is working properly or not . Because the compressor in a refrigeration system work depends on the
value of the COP , while the compressor in the refrigeration system is the heart of the system , if the value of the COP
of a refrigeration system is very high, then the system is not working properly , or does not match the ideal job , but
what if COP small value means that the compressor works in ideal conditions.
The increase in COP by using the condensation water is a research experiment conducted with the five stages of the
process . The first step , which is put termocouple the condenser outlet pipe leading to the expansion valve , the
evaporator outlet pipe to the compressor , and the compressor exit pipeline leading to the condenser . The second step
of data collection when the car is turned on , the car air conditioner is turned on and the car is stationary also in the
room . The third step of data collection when the car is turned on , the car is in the room but the air conditioning was
not turned on the car . This is done to get the difference in results obtained with and without plastic injector . Last
comparing observations COP value of the AC system by spraying water into the condenser with condensation without
spraying water air conditioning system condensate to the condenser.
After doing this research, the authors can provide information about plastic injector design alternative tool to
help cool the temperature of the refrigerant in the condenser. And the increase in COP value of R-134a refrigerant type
after using condensate water that is sprayed by means of a plastic injector on the condenser an increase of 2,118 from
the previous value of COP without being influenced by means of a plastic injector on the condenser of 1,714.
Keywords : Coefficient of Performance , refrigerant , condenser
Peningkatan COP (Coefficient of Performance)
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JTM. Volume 02 Nomor 02 Tahun 2014. 162-171
helps cool the refrigerant in the condenser and increases the COP METHOD
(Coefficient Of Performance) of the car's air conditioning system. Research design
The benefits of this research are expected to provide information
about alternative tools to help increase the COP (Coefficient Of
Performance) of the car AC system and can provide added value
to the condensed water which has only been dumped on the road
as raw material to increase the COP (Coefficient Of Performance)
of the AC system. car.
The thermocouple is used to measure the temperature inside the
condenser, evaporator, expansion valve and compressor. When
the pipeline begins to show an increase in temperature, the
thermocouple will display the number of temperatures in the
pipeline.
This is the reason behind doing research on the use of condensed
water as an alternative to cool the condenser. With the
condensation process, the dripping water is channeled through a
water hose and collected in a plastic tube under the transmission,
then tied and bolted to the bottom of the car. In the plastic tube, a
tool in the form of a washer motor is installed as a water pump.
Then at one end of the washer motor a water hose is attached to
the water spray injector that has been installed in the condenser.
The dripping water is channeled into a plastic tube, then the
washer motor pumps water to the water spray injector, then the
water spray injector sprays water into the condenser. In the
condenser there is a decrease in heat due to water spray from the
water spray injector, which makes the refrigerant cooler. When
the refrigerant is cooler, the compressor work is lighter.
Figure 1. Research Design
Research Variables
• Independent variable
The independent variable or called the independent variable in
this study is the independent variable in this study is the
temperature in the condenser.
• Control variable
The control variable is called the comparison of the results of
the experimental research carried out. The control variables in this
study were the research process was carried out at an air
temperature of around 30 s / d 32 o C, the data collection process
was carried out at ± 900 rpm, the thermostat conditions remained
and did not change, there were no leaks in the pipelines, surfaces
and condenser fins. cleaned first before data collection, the amount
of condensed water that can be accommodated in the tube container
is 1.3 liters, the amount of condensed water discharge
Peningkatan COP (Coefficient of Performance)
dripping out of the evaporator into the tube container at 9.3 x 10-5 Measurement Process
liters per second. While the discharge of condensed water that is •Tool
sprayed from the tube into the condenser is 2.03 x 10-3 liters per - 1 digital thermometer type TC4Y N4N with the following
second using a washer motor. specifications
•Dependent variable :
The dependent variable or the result called the dependent variable in Power supply: 100-240VAC
this study is the increase in the Coefficient of Performance (COP). 50/60Hz.
This experimental research was conducted at Bengkel M3 Mobil
Pagesangan No. 6 Surabaya. Dimensions: 72 mm x 36 mm.
Sensor input: thermocouple K, J, L, RTD(Pt100Ω).
Research Object Temperature Range: Multi Range 4-digit, depending on the type of
• BMW 520i E34 M50 . car air conditioning system sensor input used.
The AC system used in this research is the 1992 BMW 520i E34 - 2 pieces of digital thermometer type TC4S N4N with the
M50. following specifications
Research Instruments :
Preparation Process Power Supply: 100-240VAC 50/60Hz.
•Tool Dimensions: 48 mm x 48 mm.
-Water hose Sensor input: thermocouple K, J, L, RTD(Pt100Ω).
- Motor washer, with Specifications: Temperature Range: Multi Range 4-digit, depending on the type of
fluid pressure = 1.2 kgf/cm2 sensor input used.
Flow rate = 150ml/10s [P=1bar - 1 digital thermometer TEA C900 type with the following
(100kpa/1.0197kgf/cm2)] specifications:
weight = 0.0790 kg Power Supply: 100-240V 50/60Hz.
Current: 12V Sensor input: type K thermocouple.
- The container is in the form of a plastic tube with a volume Temperature Range: 0 – 6000C.
of 1.3 liters.
- Water spray injector from the water spray cap. - Stopwatch
• Material: Condensed water. - Thermocouple with Specifications:
Type K (Chromel - Alumel) with a temperature range of – 500C
to 12000C, – 58 to 2192°F.
Sensitivity 41 V/°C.
The length of the sensor cable is 185 cm.
- Cabin thermometer, with specifications:
Digital type with 3 digits.
- Environmental thermometer, with specifications:
Type Analog Temperature range:
- 400C to 700C.
level of accurasy 200C.
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Data analysis technique - Tighten with wire so it doesn't come off easily.
Data analysis used descriptive method, namely by describing or - Place and direct the water spray injector to the top right and top
describing in a systematic, factual and accurate way about the reality left beside the extra fan. This is so that the condensed water spray can
obtained during the test. The research data obtained are entered in tables hit the hot surface of the condenser and can cool the condenser fins to
and displayed in graphic form. Furthermore, it is described in simple the maximum.
sentences so that it is easy to understand to get answers to the problems
studied.
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JTM. Volume 02 Nomor 02 Tahun 2014. 162-171
Suhu Suhu Suhu Termometer Digital (0C) Suhu Suhu Suhu Termometer Digital (0C)
Udara Dalam Udara Dalam
Luar Kabin T1 T2 T3 T4 Luar Kabin T1 T2 T3 T4
(0C) (0C) (0C) (0C)
Uji ke 290 180 180 850 450 -130 Uji ke 290 190 190 870 610 -100
1 1
Uji ke 310 180 180 870 480 -130 Uji ke 310 190 200 900 610 -100
2 2
Uji ke 310 180 180 870 480 -130 Uji ke 310 190 200 900 610 -100
3 3
Table 3.
Calculation results Qw, Qc, Qe = RE, and COP by using and not spraying water on the condenser for refrigerant type
R-134 a.
From the graph above, it can be seen that after testing the
2.20 Dengan temperature measurements on each refrigerant pipe 3 times. It can
2.157 2.027
2.10 injektor be seen that after spraying condensed water with the help of a
2.00
1.90 2.027 plastik water spray injector on the condenser, it can reduce the
1.80 temperature of the refrigerant leaving the evaporator to the
1.681
1.70 compressor and leaving the compressor to the condenser which
1.664 Tanpa
1.60
injektor results in lowering the compression work value.
1.664
1.50
penyemprot 215
Uji 1 Uji 2 Uji 3 air 210.2
210 207.14
Dengan
205
207.14 injektor
Figure 5. Graph of Coefficient Of 200 penyemprot
Performance (COP) Research Results air
195 191.15
Tanpa
Comparison of COP with and without the 190 injektor
191.15
use of a water spray injector in the condenser. 185 penyemprot
186.24 air
180
After testing the temperature measurements
Uji 1 Uji 2 Uji 3
on each refrigerant line 3 times on. It can be seen
that there are several factors that affect the COP
value, namely, changes in the refrigeration effect Figure 7. Graph of Research Results Coefficient Of
Performance (COP)
divided by changes in compression work.
So after spraying condensed water with the Comparison of Evaporator Capacity with and without
being influenced by the injector spraying water on the
help of a water spray injector on the condenser, it condenser.
can reduce the temperature of the refrigerant that
It can be seen that after spraying condensed
comes out to the expansion valve. So that it can
water with the help of a water spray injector on
reduce the compression work which results in
the condenser, it can reduce the temperature of
increasing the COP value. The smaller the
the refrigerant leaving the compressor towards
compression work value, the greater the COP value
the condenser and exiting the condenser to the
obtained.
expansion valve which results in increasing the
72.00 value of the evaporator capacity (Qc).
71.00 71.74 71.74 Dengan
70.00 injektor
penyemprot
69.00 68.42 air
68.00 68.42 Tanpa
66.57 injektor
67.00
penyemprot
66.009
66.00 air
Uji 1 Uji 2 Uji 3
- - COP refrigerant type R-134a influenced by conditioning system. And can make the
inside the vehicle cabin becomes colder Fans and Boilers. Thesis of S1 Mechanical
from (190C – 180C). Engineering Education Program,
Muhammadiyah University, Yogyakarta.
suggestion From a series of studies, testing,
Stoecker, Wilbert F., and Jones, Jerold W.
1982.
Refrigeration and Air Conditioning.
data analysis and conclusion that has been done, Jakarta : Erlangga.
it can be given the following suggestions:
• The test is carried out, the measuring Sugiono. 2010. Quantitative, Qualitative and R&D Research
instruments should be calibrated first so that the Methods. Bandung: CV. Alphabet.
results obtained are more accurate.
• At the time of testing, the type of refrigerant Sungadiyanto. 2006. Experimental Study of Air Conditioning
should not change. Because it can affect the Machine Performance with R-22 Refrigerant. Semarang.
refrigeration system in the car. Final Project of Semarang State University.
• The digital thermometer must be able to read the
four thermocouple sensors simultaneously, do not read Supadi, et al. 2010. Guidelines for S1 Thesis Writing.
one sensor at a time, because it will affect the Surabaya: FT - Surabaya State University.
accuracy of temperature measurement.
• For pipelines that have been installed with a Great Tri. 2000. RPKPS and Advanced Thermodynamics
digital thermometer and thermocouple, they must Textbook. Yogyakarta. Journal of the Department of
always be checked for refrigerant leakage or not at the Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gadjah
weld joint, because if a leak occurs it can affect the Mada University, Yogyakarta.
temperature measurement.
• Further research is needed on the effect of Wibowo. 2006. Effect of R-12 Refrigerant Mass and
increasing the COP value using a water spray injector Evaporator Blower Rotation on COP in Car Air Conditioning
when the car is driven on the highway. Systems. Journal of the Department of Mechanical
Engineering, University of Muhammadiyah Semarang.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Moran, M.J. and Howard, N. Shapiro. 2004.
Engineering Thermodynamics volume I. Jakarta:
Erlangga
Prayitno. 2010. Investigating the Coefficient of
Performance (COP) of the refrigeration engine on the
A660 AC unit with Variation of Work
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