BLOK

Saline Water

Vapor

Condensator
To Air

Evaporator

Concentrated

Crystalizer
Rotary Dryer

Ball Mill
 BLOK FLOW DIAGRAM

Ultrafiltration Feed Ultrafiltration

Saline Water Screen Filter
Storage Module

Final Water Nanofiltration

Storage Module

Vapor Vapor

Evaporator Evaporator

Concentrated Concentrated

Centrifuge
 Mother Liquor

Product
Ball Mill MgSO4.7H2O
 Backwash Water

Nanofiltration Feed
Tank

Nanofiltration
Module

Concentrated Tank

Steam
 Pra-Rancangan Pabrik Magnesium Sulfat dari Limbah Saline Wa
Kapasitas Produksi 33 ton/tahun
1 tahun operasi 330 hari
1 hari kerja 1 jam
Rejeksi Ultrafiltrasi 25 %
Nanofiltrasi 99 %
Yield 87.4 %
Permeate 10 %

Komposisi dari
Bahan Baku Karakteristik Unit BM (g/mol)
Saline Water %
Al2(SO4)3 0.005 % 342.14
CoSO4 0.005 % 159.61
Cr2(SO4)3 0.005 % 392.16
CuSO4 0.005 % 159.61
Fe2(SO4)3 0.01 % 399.88
MgSO4 10 % 120.36
MnSO4 1 % 151
NiSO4 0.005 % 154.75
ZnSO4 0.005 % 161.44
H2O 78.96 % 18
TSS 10 ppm
Total 100
agnesium Sulfat dari Limbah Saline Water
Kapasitas MgSO4.7H2O (ton/hr) 0.1
Kapasitas MgSO4.7H2O (ton/jam) 0.1
Kapasitas MgSO4.7H2O (Kg/hr) 100
Kapasitas MgSO4.7H2O (Kg/jam) 100
TDS (ppm) 120,000

Kg/hr Mol

2.6375859354 0.007709
2.6375859354 0.016525 0.439598
2.6375859354 0.006726
2.6375859354 0.016525
5.2751718708 0.013192
5275.1718708 43.828281
527.51718708 3.493491
2.6375859354 0.017044
2.6375859354 0.016338
41652.7570918368 2314.0420606576
4.395976559
47480.942813759 2361.457892
ukuran partikel TSS MAX 2 µm
ukuran screen filter 80 µm

Laju Alir Masuk Laju Alir Tertahan Laju Alir Keluar

Komposisi Aliran 1 Aliran 2 Aliran 3
kg/jam kg/jam kg/jam
Al2(SO4)3 2.6375859354 0 2.6375859354
CoSO4 2.6375859354 0 2.6375859354
Cr2(SO4)3 2.6375859354 0 2.6375859354
CuSO4 2.6375859354 0 2.6375859354
Fe2(SO4)3 5.2751718708 0 5.2751718708
MgSO4 5275.1718708 0 5275.1718708
MnSO4 527.51718708 0 527.51718708
NiSO4 2.6375859354 0 2.6375859354
ZnSO4 2.6375859354 0 2.6375859354
H2O 41652.7570918368 0 41652.7570918368
TSS 4.395976559 1.7583906236 2.6375859354
Total 47480.942813759 1.7583906236 47479.1844231354
Input 47480.942813759 Output 47480.942813759

Laju Alir Masuk Laju Alir Tertahan Laju Alir Keluar

Komposisi Aliran 3 Aliran 4 Aliran 5
kg/jam kg/jam kg/jam
Al2(SO4)3 2.6375859354 0.52751718708 2.11006874832
CoSO4 2.6375859354 0.52751718708 2.11006874832
 Cr2(SO4)3 2.6375859354 0.52751718708 2.11006874832
CuSO4 2.6375859354 0.52751718708 2.11006874832
Fe2(SO4)3 5.2751718708 1.05503437416 4.22013749664
MgSO4 5275.1718708 1055.03437416 4220.13749664
MnSO4 527.51718708 105.503437416 422.013749664
NiSO4 2.6375859354 0.52751718708 2.11006874832
ZnSO4 2.6375859354 0.52751718708 2.11006874832
H2O 41652.7570918368 8330.55141836736 33322.2056734694
TSS 2.6375859354 2.6375859354 0
Total 47479.1844231354 9497.9469533754 37981.23746976
Input 47479.1844231354 Output 47479.1844231354

Laju Alir Masuk Laju Alir Tertahan Laju Alir Keluar

Komposisi Aliran 5 Aliran 6 (Retentate) Aliran 7 (Permeate)
kg/jam kg/jam kg/jam
Al2(SO4)3 2.11006874832 1.84420008603168 0.26586866228832
CoSO4 2.11006874832 1.84420008603168 0.26586866228832
Cr2(SO4)3 2.11006874832 1.84420008603168 0.26586866228832
CuSO4 2.11006874832 1.84420008603168 0.26586866228832
Fe2(SO4)3 4.22013749664 3.68840017206336 0.53173732457664
MgSO4 4220.13749664 3688.40017206336 531.737324576639
MnSO4 422.013749664 368.840017206336 53.173732457664
NiSO4 2.11006874832 1.84420008603168 0.26586866228832
ZnSO4 2.11006874832 1.84420008603168 0.26586866228832
H2O 33322.2056734694 29123.6077586123 4198.59791485715
Total 37981.23746976 33195.6015485702 4785.63592118976
Input 37981.23746976 Output 37981.23746976
 Evaporator I
Laju Alir Masuk Laju Alir Keluar
Komposisi Aliran 8 Aliran 9 Aliran 10
kg/jam kg/jam kg/jam
Al2(SO4)3 1.84420008603168 1.84420008603168 0
CoSO4 1.84420008603168 1.84420008603168 0
Cr2(SO4)3 1.84420008603168 1.84420008603168 0
CuSO4 1.84420008603168 1.84420008603168 0
Fe2(SO4)3 3.68840017206336 3.68840017206336 0
MgSO4 3688.40017206336 3688.40017206336 0
MnSO4 368.840017206336 368.840017206336 0
NiSO4 1.84420008603168 1.84420008603168 0
ZnSO4 1.84420008603168 1.84420008603168 0
H2O (l) 29123.6077586123 19051.2190 0
H2O (g) 0 0 10072.3888
Total 33195.6015485702 23123.2127558395 10072.3887927307
Input 33195.6015485702 Ouput 33195.6015485702
Tabel Solubility MgSO4 dalam 100 mL air
Temperature Solubility
0 0
10 30.9
20 35.5
30 40.8
40 45.6 0.456
50 0
60 0
70 0
80 0
90 0
100 0

Laju Alir Masuk Laju Alir Keluar

Komposisi Aliran 15 Aliran 16 (Recycle) Aliran 17
kg/jam kg/jam kg/jam
Al2(SO4)3 1.84420008603168 1.65978007742851 0.184420008603168
CoSO4 1.84420008603168 1.65978007742851 0.184420008603168
Cr2(SO4)3 1.84420008603168 1.65978007742851 0.184420008603168
CuSO4 1.84420008603168 1.65978007742851 0.184420008603168
Fe2(SO4)3 3.68840017206336 3.31956015485702 0.368840017206336
MgSO4 (nk) 501.601141610947 451.441027449853 50.1601141610947
MgSO4 (k) 3186.79903045241 0 3186.79903045241
MnSO4 368.840017206336 331.956015485702 36.8840017206336
NiSO4 1.84420008603168 1.65978007742851 0.184420008603168
ZnSO4 1.84420008603168 1.65978007742851 0.184420008603168
H2O (l) 716.40888563819 644.767997074371 71.640888563819
H2O (g) 0 0 0
Total 4788.40267559614 1439.78350055193 3346.77497495818
Input 4788.40267559614 Ouput 4786.55847551011
RD 0.0214059472476826
Laju Alir Masuk Laju Alir Keluar
Komposisi Aliran 17 Aliran 18 Aliran 19
kg/jam kg/jam kg/jam
Al2(SO4)3 0.184420008603168 0 0.184420008603168
CoSO4 0.184420008603168 0 0.184420008603168
Cr2(SO4)3 0.184420008603168 0 0.184420008603168
CuSO4 0.184420008603168 0 0.184420008603168
Fe2(SO4)3 0.368840017206336 0 0.368840017206336
MgSO4 (nk) 50.1601141610947 0 50.1601141610947
MgSO4 (k) 3186.79903045241 0 3186.79903045241
MnSO4 36.8840017206336 0 36.8840017206336
NiSO4 0.184420008603168 0 0.184420008603168
ZnSO4 0.184420008603168 0 0.184420008603168
H2O (l) 71.640888563819 0 0
H2O (g) 0 71.640888563819 0
Total 3346.77497495818 71.640888563819 3275.13408639436
Input 3346.77497495818 Ouput 3346.77497495818

Laju Alir Masuk Laju Alir Keluar

Komposisi
Aliran 19 Aliran 20
Al2(SO4)3 0.184420008603168 0.184420008603168
CoSO4 0.184420008603168 0.184420008603168
Cr2(SO4)3 0.184420008603168 0.184420008603168
 CuSO4 0.184420008603168 0.184420008603168
Fe2(SO4)3 0.368840017206336 0.368840017206336
MgSO4 (nk) 50.1601141610947 50.1601141610947
MgSO4 (k) 3186.79903045241 3186.79903045241
MnSO4 36.8840017206336 36.8840017206336
NiSO4 0.184420008603168 0.184420008603168
ZnSO4 0.184420008603168 0.184420008603168
H2O (l) 0 0
H2O (g) 0 0
Total 3275.31850640297 3275.31850640297
 SCREEN FILTER

200 mesh aliran 2

SCREEN FILTER
Aliran 1

52229.0370951349 23740.47140688

ULTRAFITRASI MODULE

Aliran 3

Aliran 4
 41779.361216736 18990.61873488

NANOFITRASI MODULE

Aliran 5

36515.1617034273 16597.800774285

EVAPORATOR
 Evaporator III Evaporator II

Evaporator II
Laju Alir Masuk
Komposisi Aliran 9
kg/jam
Al2(SO4)3 1.844200086032
CoSO4 1.844200086032
Cr2(SO4)3 1.844200086032
CuSO4 1.844200086032
Fe2(SO4)3 3.688400172063
MgSO4 3688.400172063
MnSO4 368.8400172063
NiSO4 1.844200086032
ZnSO4 1.844200086032
H2O (l) 19051.21896588
25.8247262482 H2O (g) 0
Total 23123.21275584
Input 23123.21275584

CRYSTALIZER
 Laju Alir Masuk Laju Alir Keluar
Komposisi
Aliran 13 Aliran 15
Al2(SO4)3 1.8442000860317 1.8442000860317 %wt 0.770277777778
CoSO4 1.8442000860317 1.8442000860317 %Kelarutan 0.313186813187
Cr2(SO4)3 1.8442000860317 1.8442000860317 C 3186.799030452
CuSO4 1.8442000860317 1.8442000860317
Fe2(SO4)3 3.6884001720634 3.6884001720634
MgSO4 (nk) 3688.4001720634 501.60114161095
MgSO4 (k) 0 3186.7990304524
MnSO4 368.84001720634 368.84001720634
NiSO4 1.8442000860317 1.8442000860317
ZnSO4 1.8442000860317 1.8442000860317
H2O (l) 716.40888563819 716.40888563819
H2O (g) 0 0
Total 4788.4026755961 4788.4026755961

CENTRIFUGE

Aliran 15

Aliran 17

1583.76185060712 3484.2760713357
 ROTARY DRYER
Aliran 18

0.0214059472476826

BALL MILL

Aliran 19
LTER

aliran 2
Aliran 3
SCREEN FILTER

MODULE
aliran 5

4
MODULE

Aliran 7

Aliran 6

TOR
 Evaporator II Evaporator I

Evaporator II
Laju Alir Keluar
Aliran 11 Aliran 12
kg/jam kg/jam
1.844200086 0
1.844200086 0
1.844200086 0
1.844200086 0
3.6884001721 0
3688.4001721 0
368.84001721 0
1.844200086 0
1.844200086 0
9567.2059 0
0 9484.0131
13639.199694 9484.0130614
Ouput 23123.212756

ZER
Aliran 13

Aliran 15
UGE

Aliran 16
RYER

Aliran 17

Aliran 19

LL

Aliran 20
 Evaporator III
Laju Alir Masuk Laju Alir Keluar
Komposisi Aliran 11 Aliran 13 Aliran 14
kg/jam kg/jam kg/jam
Al2(SO4)3 1.844200086032 1.84420008603 0
CoSO4 1.844200086032 1.84420008603 0
Cr2(SO4)3 1.844200086032 1.84420008603 0
CuSO4 1.844200086032 1.84420008603 0
Fe2(SO4)3 3.688400172063 3.68840017206 0
MgSO4 3688.400172063 3688.40017206 0
MnSO4 368.8400172063 368.840017206 0
NiSO4 1.844200086032 1.84420008603 0
ZnSO4 1.844200086032 1.84420008603 0 4788.4027
H2O (l) 9567.205904528 716.4089 0
H2O (g) 0 0 8850.79702
Total 13639.19969449 4788.4026756 8850.7970188899
Input 13639.19969449 Ouput 13639.199694486
 Data Kapasitas Panas Masing - Masing Komponen
Cp (kJ/Kmol K)
Komposisi
a b c d
H2O (l) 18.2964 0.47212 -0.0013388 1.31E-06
H2O (g) 33.46 0.00688 0.000007604 -3.59E-09

Sumber : Chemical Properties Handbook (Yaws, 1999)

Data Heat Capasities of Elements

BM
Element Solids Liquids
O 16.7 25.1 16
S 22.6 31 32
Cr - 23.35 52
Fe - 62.327 56

Cr2(SO4)3
Elements Jumlah mol.mass Heat Capacity
Cr 2 104 46.7
S 3 96 93
O 12 192 301.2
Total 392 440.9
Specific heat capacity 1.12474489795918 J/goC

(SO4)3
Fe2

Elements Jumlah mol.mass Heat Capacity

Fe 2 112 124.654
S 3 96 93
O 12 192 301.2
Total 400 518.854
Specific heat capacity 1.297135 J/goC

EVAPORATOR
Evaporator I
Laju alir massa (kg/jam) Mr Laju alir molekular (kgmol/jam)
Komposisi
Input Output (kg/kgmol) Input Output
Al2(SO4)3 1.844200086 1.84420008603 342.14 0.00539019140127 0.0053901914013
CoSO4 1.844200086 1.84420008603 159.61 0.01155441442285 0.0115544144229
Cr2(SO4)3 1.844200086 1.84420008603 392.16 0.004702672598 0.004702672598
CuSO4 1.844200086 1.84420008603 159.61 0.01155441442285 0.0115544144229
Fe2(SO4)3 3.6884001721 3.68840017206 399.88 0.00922376756043 0.0092237675604
 MgSO4 3688.4001721 3688.40017206 120.36 30.6447338988315 30.644733898832
MnSO4 368.84001721 368.840017206 151 2.44264912057176 2.4426491205718
NiSO4 1.844200086 1.84420008603 154.75 0.01191728650101 0.011917286501
ZnSO4 1.844200086 1.84420008603 161.44 0.01142343958146 0.0114234395815
H2O (l) 29123.607759 19051.2189659 18 1617.97820881179 1058.4010536601
H2O (g) 0 10072.3887927 18 0 559.57715515171
Total 33195.601549 33195.6015486

Komposisi I Kb m Tb ∆Hevap
Al2(SO4)3 5 0.52 0.00018508 0.00048120747125
CoSO4 2 0.52 0.000396737 0.00041260653898
Cr2(SO4)3 5 0.52 0.000161473 0.00041982946811
CuSO4 2 0.52 0.000396737 0.00041260653898
Fe2(SO4)3 5 0.52 0.000316711 0.00082344865567
MgSO4 4 0.52 1.052230004 2.18863840764097
MnSO4 2 0.52 0.08387179 0.08722666183565
NiSO4 2 0.52 0.000409197 0.00042556465064
ZnSO4 2 0.52 0.00039224 0.00040792944553
Total 2.27924826224578

Evaporator II
Laju alir massa (kg/jam) Mr Laju alir molekular (kgmol/jam)
Komposisi
Input Output (kg/kgmol) Input Output
Al2(SO4)3 1.844200086 1.84420008603 342.14 0.00539019140127 0.0053901914013
CoSO4 1.844200086 1.84420008603 159.61 0.01155441442285 0.0115544144229
Cr2(SO4)3 1.844200086 1.84420008603 392.16 0.004702672598 0.004702672598
CuSO4 1.844200086 1.84420008603 159.61 0.01155441442285 0.0115544144229
Fe2(SO4)3 3.6884001721 3.68840017206 399.88 0.00922376756043 0.0092237675604
MgSO4 3688.4001721 3688.40017206 120.36 30.6447338988315 30.644733898832
MnSO4 368.84001721 368.840017206 151 2.44264912057176 2.4426491205718
NiSO4 1.844200086 1.84420008603 154.75 0.01191728650101 0.011917286501
ZnSO4 1.844200086 1.84420008603 161.44 0.01142343958146 0.0114234395815
H2O (l) 19051.218966 9567.20590453 18 1058.40105366009 531.51143914045
H2O (g) 0 9484.01306135 18 0 526.88961451964
Total 23123.212756 23123.2127558

Komposisi I Kb m Tb ∆Hevap
Al2(SO4)3 5 0.52 0.000282932 0.00073562209685
CoSO4 2 0.52 0.000606492 0.0006307518181
Cr2(SO4)3 5 0.52 0.000246844 0.00064179351341
CuSO4 2 0.52 0.000606492 0.0006307518181
Fe2(SO4)3 5 0.52 0.000484156 0.001258806363
MgSO4 4 0.52 1.608544522 3.34577260508748
MnSO4 2 0.52 0.128214847 0.13334344064514
NiSO4 2 0.52 0.000625539 0.00065056088974
 ZnSO4 2 0.52 0.000599617 0.00062360194306
Total 3.48428793417487

Evaporator III
Laju alir massa (kg/jam) Mr Laju alir molekular (kgmol/jam)
Komposisi
Input Output (kg/kgmol) Input Output
Al2(SO4)3 1.844200086 1.84420008603 342.14 0.00539019140127 0.0053901914013
CoSO4 1.844200086 1.84420008603 159.61 0.01155441442285 0.0115544144229
Cr2(SO4)3 1.844200086 1.84420008603 392.16 0.004702672598 0.004702672598
CuSO4 1.844200086 1.84420008603 159.61 0.01155441442285 0.0115544144229
Fe2(SO4)3 3.6884001721 3.68840017206 399.88 0.00922376756043 0.0092237675604
MgSO4 3688.4001721 3688.40017206 120.36 30.6447338988315 30.644733898832
MnSO4 368.84001721 368.840017206 151 2.44264912057176 2.4426491205718
NiSO4 1.844200086 1.84420008603 154.75 0.01191728650101 0.011917286501
ZnSO4 1.844200086 1.84420008603 161.44 0.01142343958146 0.0114234395815
H2O (l) 9567.2059045 716.408885638 18 531.511439140448 39.800493646566
H2O (g) 0 8850.79701889 18 0 491.71094549388
Total 13639.199694 13639.1996945

Komposisi I Kb m Tb ∆Hevap
Al2(SO4)3 5 0.52 0.00056340 0.00146484749917
CoSO4 2 0.52 0.00120771 0.00125601885437
Cr2(SO4)3 5 0.52 0.00049154 0.00127800623054
CuSO4 2 0.52 0.00120771 0.00125601885437
Fe2(SO4)3 5 0.52 0.00096410 0.00250666661682
MgSO4 4 0.52 3.20310174 6.66245162335239
MnSO4 2 0.52 0.25531479 0.26552737661811
NiSO4 2 0.52 0.00124564 0.00129546474537
ZnSO4 2 0.52 0.00119402 0.00124178127692
Total 6.93827780404807

Komposisi Laju alir massa (kg/jam) Mr Laju alir molekular (kgmol/jam)

Input Output (kg/kgmol) Input Output
Al2(SO4)3 1.844200086 1.84420008603 342.14 0.00539019140127 0.0053901914013
CoSO4 1.844200086 1.84420008603 159.61 0.01155441442285 0.0115544144229
Cr2(SO4)3 1.844200086 1.84420008603 392.16 0.004702672598 0.004702672598
CuSO4 1.844200086 1.84420008603 159.61 0.01155441442285 0.0115544144229
Fe2(SO4)3 3.6884001721 3.68840017206 399.88 0.00922376756043 0.0092237675604
MgSO4 (nk) 3688.4001721 501.601141611 120.36 30.6447338988315 4.1675069924472
MgSO4 (k) 0 3186.79903045 120.36 0 26.477226906384
MnSO4 368.84001721 368.840017206 151 2.44264912057176 2.4426491205718
NiSO4 1.844200086 1.84420008603 154.75 0.01191728650101 0.011917286501
ZnSO4 1.844200086 1.84420008603 161.44 0.01142343958146 0.0114234395815
 H2O (l) 716.40888564 716.408885638 18 39.8004936465661 39.800493646566
H2O (g) 0 0 18 0 0
Total 4788.4026756 4788.4026756

MgSO4 353828.421763 kJ/jam

Hout Crystal 2414723.09386 kJ/jam
Total MgSO4 2768551.51563 kJ/jam

Komposisi Laju alir massa (kg/jam) Mr Laju alir molekular (kgmol/jam)

Input Output (kg/kgmol) Input Output
0.1844200086 0.1844200086 342.14 0.00053901914013 0.0005390191401
CoSO4 0.1844200086 0.1844200086 159.61 0.00115544144229 0.0011554414423
Cr2(SO4)3 0.1844200086 0.1844200086 392.16 0.0004702672598 0.0004702672598
CuSO4 0.1844200086 0.1844200086 159.61 0.00115544144229 0.0011554414423
Fe2(SO4)3 0.3688400172 0.36884001721 399.88 0.00092237675604 0.000922376756
MgSO4 (nk) 50.160114161 0 120.36 0.41675069924472 0
MgSO4 (k) 3186.7990305 3236.95914461 120.36 26.4772269063843 26.893977605629
MnSO4 36.884001721 36.8840017206 151 0.24426491205718 0.2442649120572
NiSO4 0.1844200086 0.1844200086 154.75 0.0011917286501 0.0011917286501
ZnSO4 0.1844200086 0.1844200086 161.44 0.00114234395815 0.0011423439581
H2O (l) 71.640888564 0 18 3.98004936465661 0
H2O (g) 0 71.6408885638 18 0 3.9800493646566
Total 3346.774975 3346.95939497
 Data Kapasitas Panas Masing - Masing Komponen Inorganic
Komposisi Cp (kJ/Kmol ºC)
Al2(SO4)3 304.053
CoSO4 147.876
Cr2(SO4)3 1.12474489795918
CuSO4 76.5743
Fe2(SO4)3 1.297135
MgSO4 890.9
MnSO4 144.823
NiSO4 76.57
ZnSO4 126.704
Sumber : Aspen Plus & Coulson

Kondisi Operasi
Entalpi (kJ/jam) Tekanan 0.620429260790783 atm
Input Output T operasi 87.1256887784595 ⁰C
114.723270629197 102.2780601905 T in 95 ⁰C
119.603441103574 106.628828494 Tv1 87.1256887784595 ⁰C
0.370251490796107 0.330086512123 T out 87.406381670183 ⁰C
61.9339837437949 55.21536896957
0.837513021414571 0.746659389545 Neraca Energi Evaporator I
 1911097.54013283 1703781.17855 Komposisi Input (kJ/jam)
24762.6241511995 22076.36819907 Entalpi Bahan Masuk 10495467.6918361
63.8754639167767 56.94623686501 Entalpi Bahan Keluar
101.317684211094 90.32671529738 Qpemanas 25130546.411837
8559144.865944 4986952.055435 Total 35626014.1036732
28912792.02953
10495467.6918361 35626014.10367

2870.5

Kondisi Operasi
Tekanan 0.428415312284893 atm
Entalpi (kJ/jam) T operasi 77.8314708782153 ⁰C
Input Output T in 87.406381670183 ⁰C
102.278060190533 87.53078266246 Tv1 77.8314708782153 ⁰C
106.628828493956 91.25422202054 T out 78.4081250714678 ⁰C
0.330086512122516 0.282491970405 .
55.2153689695739 47.25397071375 …
0.746659389544941 0.63900000281 Komposisi Input (kJ/jam)
1703781.17854967 1458116.23496 Entalpi Bahan Masuk 6713222.07413965
22076.3681990721 18893.21896807 Entalpi Bahan Keluar
56.9462368650053 48.73526808379 Qpemanas 19386923.3880072
90.3267152973803 77.30267928997 Total 26100145.4621468
4986952.05544 2140930.047866
22481852.96194
6713222.07413965 26100145.46215

2370.5
 Kondisi Operasi
Tekanan 0.2220525 atm
Entalpi (kJ/jam) T operasi 62.613 ⁰C
Input Output T in 78.4081250714678 ⁰C
87.5307826624568 61.64410074444 Tv1 62.613 ⁰C
91.2542220205373 64.26635618331 T out 62.6130058744402 ⁰C
0.282491970404799 0.19894673569
47.253970713755 33.27890420547 Neraca Energi Evaporator II
0.63900000280989 0.450019745634 Komposisi Input (kJ/jam)
1458116.23495984 1026887.471481 Entalpi Bahan Masuk 3618292.50020833
18893.2189680716 13305.66753808 Entalpi Bahan Keluar
48.7352680837891 34.3221171362 Qpemanas 18706737.5776616
77.3026792899657 54.44089502024 Total 22325030.0778699
2140930.04786568 112685.2965951
21171903.04092
3618292.50020833 22325030.07787

2392.09

CRYSTALIZER
Entalpi (kJ/jam) Kondisi Operasi
Input Output Tekanan 0.04 atm
61.6441007444423 8.194519330657 T operasi 35 ⁰C
64.2663561833141 8.54310293597 T in 62.6130058744402 ⁰C
0.198946735690489 0.026446535057 T out 50 ⁰C
33.2789042054691 4.4238559817
0.450019745634091 0.059822358672 Neraca Energi Crystalizer
273013.93430469 18564.15989786 Komposisi Input (kJ/jam)
0 2768551.515626 Entalpi Bahan Masuk 399253.499777678
13305.6675380803 1768.758867943 Entalpi Bahan Keluar
34.3221171362045 4.562533136913 Qpemanas 2404620.30258654
54.4408950202366 7.23697744365 Total 2803873.80236422
 112685.296595137 1.50E+04
0 0
399253.499777678 2803873.802364

DRYER
Entalpi (kJ/jam) Kondisi Operasi
Input Output Tekanan 0.04 atm
4.09725966532845 0 T operasi 50 ⁰C
4.27155146798479 0 T in 50 ⁰C
0.0132232675284324 0 T out 50 ⁰C
2.21192799084982 0
0.0299111793362347 0 Neraca Energi RD
9282.07994892807 0 Komposisi Input (kJ/jam)
589714.036272444 38007.66377112 Entalpi Bahan Masuk 607374.609386693
884.379433971411 0 Entalpi Bahan Keluar
2.28126656845631 0 Qpemanas -559983.223029017
3.6184887218248 0 Total 47391.386357676
7477.59010248767 0
0 9383.722586557
607374.609386693 47391.38635768 Hout MgSO4 0

Hout Crystalization 38007.6637711187

Hout Total MgSO4 38007.6637711187
 Kondisi Operasi MS Evap
Treff 25 ⁰C 298 K
Tin 95 ⁰C 368 K
Tout 87.40638167 ⁰C 360.4064 K
BPR 0.2806928917 ⁰C

Neraca Energi Evaporator I

 Input (kJ/jam) Output (kJ/jam)
10495467.6918361
35626014.1036732
25130546.411837
35626014.1036732 35626014.1036732

Kondisi Operasi
Treff 25 ⁰C 298 K
Tin 87.40638167 ⁰C 360.4064 K
Tout 78.408125071 ⁰C 351.4081 K
BPR 0.5766541933 ⁰C

…
Input (kJ/jam) Output (kJ/jam)
6713222.07413965
26100145.4621468
19386923.3880072
26100145.4621468 26100145.4621468
 Kondisi Operasi
Treff 25 ⁰C 298 K
Tin 78.408125071 ⁰C 351.4081 K
Tout 62.613005874 ⁰C 335.613 K
BPR 5.87444E-06 ⁰C

Neraca Energi Evaporator III

Input (kJ/jam) Output (kJ/jam)
3618292.50020833
22325030.0778699
18706737.5776616
22325030.0778699 22325030.0778699

Kondisi Operasi Entalpi Kristalisasi tiap Komponen Garam

Treff 25 ⁰C 298 K
Tin 35 ⁰C 308 K Komposisi
Tout 40 ⁰C 313 K NaCl
MgSO4
MgCl2
Neraca Energi Crystalizer CaSO4
Input (kJ/jam) Output (kJ/jam) CaCl2
399253.499777678 KCl
2803873.80236422 NaHCO3
2404620.30258654 K2SO4
2803873.80236422 2803873.80236422 (Chemistry Libretexts, 2019)
Kondisi Operasi
Treff 25 ⁰C 298 K Tin udara 100
Tin 50 ⁰C 323 K Tout udara 60
Tout 50 ⁰C 323 K ∆H 2357.69
Cp udara 1.0048

Neraca Energi RD
Input (kJ/jam) Output (kJ/jam)
607374.609386693
47391.386357676
-559983.223029017
47391.386357676 47391.386357676

kJ/jam
Entalpi Kristalisasi tiap
kJ/jam Komponen Garam
kJ/jam
Komposisi

CoSO4
Cr2(SO4)3
CuSO4
Fe2(SO4)3
MgSO4
MnSO4
NiSO4
ZnSO4
13960.3156107855 KJ/jam Psteam 7 atm
∆Hevap 2065.56 kJ/kg
m air steam 12166.46 kg/jam
ristalisasi tiap Komponen Garam

∆Hcrys (kJ/kgmol)
-3900
91200
160000
18000
81300
-17200
18000
-23800
hemistry Libretexts, 2019)
 A

⁰C 373 K
⁰C 333 K
at 60 C
kj/kg

∆Hcrys (kJ/kgmol)
0
-888.2632
0
-184.37
0
91200
-1064.72
-2976.4976
-9,828.216
total di fws
Permeate Nanofiltrasi 4785.636 4.350578
Evap 1 10072.39 9.156717
Evap 2 9484.013 8.62183
Evap 3 8850.797 8.046179
total 33192.83 30.1753 28.44888447

backwash

desitas 1100 kg/m3

laju alir massa 47479.18 kg/jam
laju alir volumetrik 43.16289 m3/jam
Faktor Safety 20%
V design 51.79547 m3/jam
filtrasion Velocity 15 m3/jam
luas Area 3.453032 M2
kecepatan Backwash 15-30 gpm/ft
Dipilih kecepatan Backwash 1 gpm/ft 190 m3/hari
Q back wash 656.076
air untuk backwash 0.5-5 %
dipilih 5%
Volume untuk backwash 1.72642
0.002631
9.473158
Mr MGSO4 120.36 kg/kmol DT_total 32.387 °C Asumsi
kb water 0.512 °C/molal Q1 1.374078
vant hoff 1 Q1 1.444761
cp air 4.2 Kj/Kg°C
A1=A2=A3

Q1 31683207
Hfg@T1 2289.207 kJ/kg
Hg@T1 2655.248 kJ/kg
mV1 10072.39 kg/jam
T1 87.38485 °C
mF 33195.6 kg/jam Effect 1
xF 0.04 BPR 0.259157 °C
TF °C 30 °C Tsat_1 87.12569
P1 0.628665 bar
Ts 95 °C U1 3200 W/m2.K
Hg@Ts 2667.606 kJ/kg DT1 7.615154 °C
ms 13960.32 kg/jam A1 1300171 𝑚^2 Hf@Ts
Hfg@Ts 2269.519 kJ/kg 398.0869 kJ/kg

mL1 23123.21 kg/jam

x1 0.057424
molal_1 0.506167
T1 87.38485 °C

Validasi Neraca Energi Effect 1

H in H out H in
HF 2091323 H V1 26744695 HL1
HS 37240625 HL1 7029835 H V1
Total 39331948 HC1 5557418 Total
Total 39331948
H in - H out 0 H in - H ou

validasi Neraca Energi Total

H in 1.02E+08
H out 1.02E+08
Q2
Q3

Q2 23057786 Q3 21929721
Hfg@T2 2312.283 kJ/kg Hfg@T3 2351.23
Hg@T2 2640.119 kJ/kg Hg@T3 2613.35
mV2 9484.013 kg/jam mV3 8850.797
T2 78.29027 °C T3 62.613
Effect 2 Effect 3
BPR 0.458798 °C BPR 1.632E-06 °C
Tsat_2 77.83147 Tsat_3 62.613
P2 0.434102 bar P3 0.225 bar
U2 1950 W/m2.K U3 1100 W/m2.K
DT2 9.094577 °C DT3 15.67727 °C
A2 1300171 𝑚^2 Hf@Ts1 A3 1271657 𝑚^2
366.0412 kJ/kg

mL2 13639.2 kg/jam mL3 4788.403

x2 0.097354 x3 0.2773
molal_2 0.89609 molal_3 3.188E-06
T2 78.29027 °C T3 62.613

Validasi Neraca Energi Effect 2 Validasi Neraca Energi Effect 3

H out H in
7029835 H V2 25038919 HL2 3625560
26744695 HL2 3625560 H v2 25038919
33774530 HC2 5110051 Total 28664479
Total 33774530
0 H in - H ou 0
kJ/kg
kJ/kg
kg/jam
°C

Hf@Ts1
327.8357 kJ/kg

kg/jam

°C

H out
H V3 23130230
HL3 957558.9
HC3 4576690
Total 28664479
TemperaturPressure (bar) hf (kJ/kg) hg (kJ/kg) hfg (kJ/kg)
6.9696 0.01 29.299 2513.7 2484.401
9.6538 0.012 40.569 2518.6 2478.031
11.969 0.014 50.28 2522.8 2472.52
14.01 0.016 58.833 2526.5 2467.667
15.837 0.018 66.489 2529.9 2463.411
17.495 0.02 73.428 2532.9 2459.472
24.079 0.03 100.98 2544.8 2443.82
28.96 0.04 121.39 2553.7 2432.31
36.159 0.06 151.48 2566.6 2415.12
41.509 0.08 173.84 2576.2 2402.36
45.806 0.1 191.81 2583.9 2392.09
49.419 0.12 206.91 2590.3 2383.39
52.547 0.14 219.99 2595.8 2375.81
55.313 0.16 231.57 2600.6 2369.03
57.798 0.18 241.96 2605 2363.04
60.058 0.2 251.42 2608.9 2357.48
62.133 0.22 260.11 2612.5 2352.39
64.053 0.24 268.15 2615.9 2347.75
65.842 0.26 275.64 2619 2343.36
67.518 0.28 282.66 2621.8 2339.14
69.095 0.3 289.27 2624.5 2335.23
70.586 0.32 295.52 2627.1 2331.58
72 0.34 301.45 2629.5 2328.05
73.345 0.36 307.09 2631.8 2324.71
74.629 0.38 312.47 2634 2321.53
75.857 0.4 317.62 2636.1 2318.48
77.034 0.42 322.56 2638 2315.44
78.165 0.44 327.31 2639.9 2312.59
79.254 0.46 331.88 2641.8 2309.92
80.303 0.48 336.29 2643.5 2307.21
81.317 0.5 340.54 2645.2 2304.66
82.297 0.52 344.66 2646.8 2302.14
83.246 0.54 348.64 2648.4 2299.76
84.166 0.56 352.51 2649.9 2297.39
85.059 0.58 356.26 2651.4 2295.14
85.926 0.6 359.91 2652.9 2292.99
86.77 0.62 363.45 2654.2 2290.75
87.591 0.64 366.91 2655.6 2288.69
88.391 0.66 370.27 2656.9 2286.63
89.171 0.68 373.55 2658.2 2284.65
89.932 0.7 376.75 2659.4 2282.65
90.675 0.72 379.88 2660.6 2280.72
91.401 0.74 382.94 2661.8 2278.86
92.111 0.76 385.92 2663 2277.08
92.806 0.78 388.85 2664.1 2275.25
93.486 0.8 391.71 2665.2 2273.49
94.151 0.82 394.51 2666.3 2271.79
94.804 0.84 397.26 2667.3 2270.04
95.444 0.86 399.96 2668.3 2268.34
96.071 0.88 402.6 2669.3 2266.7
96.687 0.9 405.2 2670.3 2265.1
97.292 0.92 407.75 2671.3 2263.55
97.885 0.94 410.25 2672.2 2261.95
98.469 0.96 412.71 2673.1 2260.39
99.042 0.98 415.13 2674.1 2258.97
99.606 1 417.5 2674.9 2257.4
120.21 2 504.7 2706.2 2201.5
143.61 4 604.65 2738.1 2133.45
158.83 6 670.38 2756.1 2085.72
170.41 8 720.86 2768.3 2047.44
179.88 10 762.52 2777.1 2014.58
187.96 12 798.33 2783.7 1985.37
195.04 14 829.97 2788.8 1958.83
201.37 16 858.46 2792.8 1934.34
207.11 18 884.47 2795.9 1911.43
212.38 20 908.5 2798.3 1889.8
217.25 22 930.87 2800.1 1869.23
221.79 24 951.87 2801.4 1849.53
226.05 26 971.67 2802.3 1830.63
230.06 28 990.46 2802.9 1812.44
233.85 30 1008.3 2803.2 1794.9
237.46 32 1025.4 2803.1 1777.7
240.9 34 1041.8 2802.9 1761.1
244.18 36 1057.6 2802.4 1744.8
247.33 38 1072.8 2801.7 1728.9
250.35 40 1087.5 2800.8 1713.3
253.26 42 1101.7 2799.8 1698.1
256.07 44 1115.5 2798.6 1683.1
258.78 46 1128.9 2797.3 1668.4
261.4 48 1141.9 2795.8 1653.9
263.94 50 1154.6 2794.2 1639.6
266.4 52 1167 2792.5 1625.5
268.79 54 1179.1 2790.7 1611.6
271.12 56 1191 2788.7 1597.7
273.38 58 1202.6 2786.7 1584.1
275.58 60 1213.9 2784.6 1570.7
277.73 62 1225.1 2782.4 1557.3
279.83 64 1236 2780.1 1544.1
281.87 66 1246.7 2777.7 1531
283.87 68 1257.3 2775.2 1517.9
285.83 70 1267.7 2772.6 1504.9
287.74 72 1277.9 2770 1492.1
289.61 74 1287.9 2767.3 1479.4
291.45 76 1297.9 2764.5 1466.6
293.25 78 1307.7 2761.6 1453.9
295.01 80 1317.3 2758.7 1441.4
296.74 82 1326.8 2755.7 1428.9
298.43 84 1336.3 2752.6 1416.3
300.1 86 1345.6 2749.4 1403.8
301.74 88 1354.8 2746.2 1391.4
303.34 90 1363.9 2742.9 1379
304.93 92 1372.9 2739.6 1366.7
306.48 94 1381.8 2736.2 1354.4
308.01 96 1390.6 2732.7 1342.1
309.52 98 1399.4 2729.1 1329.7
311 100 1408.1 2725.5 1317.4
312.46 102 1416.7 2721.8 1305.1
313.89 104 1425.2 2718 1292.8
315.31 106 1433.7 2714.2 1280.5
316.7 108 1442.1 2710.3 1268.2
318.08 110 1450.4 2706.3 1255.9
319.43 112 1458.7 2702.3 1243.6
320.77 114 1467 2698.2 1231.2
322.09 116 1475.2 2694 1218.8
323.39 118 1483.3 2689.8 1206.5
324.68 120 1491.5 2685.4 1193.9
325.94 122 1499.5 2681 1181.5
327.19 124 1507.6 2676.6 1169
328.43 126 1515.6 2672 1156.4
329.65 128 1523.6 2667.4 1143.8
330.85 130 1531.5 2662.7 1131.2
332.04 132 1539.4 2657.9 1118.5
333.22 134 1547.3 2653 1105.7
334.38 136 1555.2 2648 1092.8
335.53 138 1563.1 2643 1079.9
336.67 140 1571 2637.9 1066.9
337.79 142 1578.8 2632.6 1053.8
338.9 144 1586.7 2627.3 1040.6
340 146 1594.5 2621.9 1027.4
341.08 148 1602.3 2616.3 1014
342.16 150 1610.2 2610.7 1000.5
343.22 152 1618.1 2605 986.9
344.27 154 1625.9 2599.1 973.2
345.31 156 1633.8 2593.1 959.3
346.34 158 1641.7 2587 945.3
347.35 160 1649.7 2580.8 931.1
348.36 162 1657.7 2574.4 916.7
349.36 164 1665.7 2567.9 902.2
350.35 166 1673.7 2561.3 887.6
351.32 168 1681.9 2554.5 872.6
352.29 170 1690 2547.5 857.5
353.25 172 1698.3 2540.4 842.1
354.2 174 1706.6 2533 826.4
 355.14 176 1715 2525.5 810.5
356.07 178 1723.5 2517.8 794.3
356.99 180 1732.1 2509.8 777.7
357.91 182 1740.8 2501.6 760.8
358.81 184 1749.7 2493.2 743.5
359.71 186 1758.7 2484.4 725.7
360.59 188 1767.8 2475.4 707.6
361.47 190 1777.2 2466 688.8
362.34 192 1786.7 2456.2 669.5
363.21 194 1796.4 2446.1 649.7
364.06 196 1806.4 2435.4 629
364.91 198 1816.7 2424.2 607.5
365.75 200 1827.2 2412.3 585.1
366.58 202 1838.1 2399.8 561.7
367.4 204 1849.5 2386.3 536.8
368.22 206 1861.4 2371.9 510.5
369.03 208 1874 2356.1 482.1
369.83 210 1887.6 2338.6 451
370.62 212 1902.6 2318.9 416.3
371.4 214 1919.7 2296.1 376.4
372.18 216 1940.4 2268.6 328.2
372.95 218 1967.4 2232.9 265.5
373.71 220 2011.3 2173.1 161.8
373.946 220.64 2012.3 2174.1 161.8
 Crystallization
Fungsi Membentuk Kristal MgSO4
Bentuk Silinder (Vertikal) dengan tutup torispherical dan bawah kerucut.

Kondisi Operasi
Tekanan 0.04 atm
Temperatur 62.6130058744402 °C

Laju massa produksi (m) 3186.79903045241 kg/jam

Ukuran kristal 1 mm & 32 tyler mesh
𝜑𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑 1100 kg/m3
U 200 Btu/jam ft2 °F
Retention time (t) 2 jam
V (Volume) 5.79418005536802 m3

Faktor Design 20%

Vdesign 6.95301606644163 m3

Maximum Vapour Velocity ( Vmass)

Sp Vol 0.000729 m3/kg

Vmass 0.00978318 m/s

Minimum Cross Section area (As)

As 0.183200799364338 m2

Dimensi Kristalitator
D 2.75 m
H 3m
Vcone 1/3 *pi/4*D^3
5.44184895833333

Vcylinder 17.8096875 m3

Vtotal 23.2515364583333 m3

Menghitung Heat Transfer Area (A)

Qh 2404620.30258654 kj/jam
U 4090.9 Kj/jam m2 °C
Delta T 29 °C
A 20.2688751786897 m2

maka besar corection factor (F)

F 0.98
LMTD_aktual 17.45349375 m3
-8.08139236111111 °C

HEAT EXCH
STEP 3 Menghitung luas transfer panas awal (A')
200 Btu/jam ft2 (°F)
Ud
4090.9 Kj/jam m2 °C

0 m2
A
0 ft2
0 inch
Karena A > 200 ft2 maka pemilihan heat exchanger shell and tube.

STEP 4 Pemilihan Tipe HE dan Asumsi Awal Geometri

No. Parameter Asumsi
1 Tipe HE Shell and Tube
2 Arah Aliran Counter Current karena LMTD besar sehingga luas tra
ukuran HE kecil
3 Jumlah Pass Single pass shell dan 2 pass tube
4 Alokasi Fluida Fluida dingin di tube karena laju alir massa besar da

5 Pola susunan tube Square karena bisa digunakan pada fouling rendah ma
Pressure drop rendah
6 Tipe Baffle Single segmental baffle karena umum d

7 Baffle Cut 25% karena baffle cut yang diizinkan 10 - 49% dan yang
pada industri adalah 25%
8 Baffle Spacing 50 % dari inside diameter shell

Outside Diameter (ODt) 1 in

BWG 12
Wall Thickness 0.002725 m
Inside Diameter Tube (IDt) 0.001955 m
Panjang standar tube 2,5 - 6 m
Asumsi awal panjang tube (L) 3.5 m
Tube Pitch (Pt) 1.25 in
0 tube
Jumlah Tube (Nt)
100 tube
Berdasarkan gambar, jumlah minimum tube adalah 100 sedangkan dari hasil perhitungan tube yang didapat adalah 80 tube. O

Dari gambar, diperoleh asumsi awal inside diameter shell (IDs) adalah 21 in atau 0,533m. Karena susunan tube yang dipilih ada
IDs 0.573 m
L/IDs 6.1085
Rasio standar panjang tube terhadap inside diameter shell (L/IDs) berada pada rentang 5 - 10. Oleh karena itu, hasil perhitung

STEP 5 Menentukan luas perpindahan panas aktual

𝐴=𝑁𝑡 ∗𝜋∗𝑂𝑑𝑡∗𝐿
A
27.9146558293117 m2

UD,Terkoreksi 0 Kj/jam m2 °C

STEP 6 Menghitung koefisien perpindahan panas menyeluruh

Flow area shell (as)
IDs 0.573 m
Odt 0.0254 m
Pt ( Tube pitch) 0.0326 m
C 0.0072 m
B (baffle spacing) 0.286 m
αs 0.036 m2

Flow area tube (αt)

Nt 100
a't 0.000300188 m2
n (jumlah flow pass tube) 2
αt 0.0150094 m2

Mass Velocity tube (Gs)

Ws (Laju alir massa fluida di shell) Input kg/jam
αs 0.036 m2
Gs #VALUE! kg/m2 jam

Mass Velocity Shell (Gt)

Wt (Laju alir massa di fluida di tube) 1.84420008603168 kg/jam
αt 0.0150094 m2
Gt 122.869674073026 kg/m2 jam

Bilangan Reynold Shell (Res)

De (Diameter equivalen shell) 0.02475 m
Gs #VALUE! kg/m2 jam
µshell 0.404 cP
Res #VALUE!

Bilangan Reynold Tube (Ret)

IDt 0.001955 m
Gt 122.869674073026 kg/m2 jam
µtube 0.8755 cP
Ret 0.0762136597540346

Koefisien perpindahan panas pipa lapisan luar, ho (shell)

ho 1500 Btu/ft2 F jam
30661.2 Kj/m2 C jam

Koefisien perpindahan panas pipa lapisan dalam, hio (tube)

Berdasarkan gambar diatas, diperoleh nilai Jh pada Ret = 1371,845876 adalah 94

Jh 94
Cp 200 (kJ/kgC)
k 2.2302 kJ/m jam (kJ/kg°C)
0.8755 cP
µtube
3.1518 kg/m jam
Øt (asumsi) 1
hi tube 10102956.5217391 Kj/m2 jam °C
hio tube 777607.8936 Kj/m2 jam °C

Clean Overall coeffient (Uc)

Uc 29498.0858924782 Kj/jam m2 °C
Ud 0 Kj/jam m2 °C
Oleh karena Uc > Ud, maka syarat perancangan heat exchanger sudah terpenuhi

STEP 6 Menentukan fouling factor (Rd)

RD Shell 0.0005 ft2 jam °F/Btu
RD Tube 0.0005 ft2 jam °F/Btu
0.001 ft2 jam °F/Btu
RD min
4.892.E-05 m2 Jam°C/kJ
 RD #DIV/0! m2 Jam°C/kJ

RD > RDmin, artinya rancangan heat exchanger memenuhi syarat.

STEP 7 Menentukan Pressure drop(Delta P)

Bagian Shell
Res #VALUE!
f 0.2 ft2/in2
28.8 m2/m2
N+1 L/B 12
Gs #VALUE! kg/m2 jam
IDs 0.573
De 0.02475 m
Ps
∆ 0 kg/m3
Ps #VALUE! pa
#VALUE! kPa
Karena delta Ps < 68,9 kPa, maka heat exchanger sudah sesuai kriteria.

Bagian Tube
Ret 0.0762136597540346
f 0.00799998867908869 ft/in2
1.15199836978877 m2/m2
Gt 122.869674073026 kg/m2 jam
L 3.5 m
n 2
pt
∆ 1100 kg/m3
pt 1.59978888888926 Pa
0.00159978888888926 kPa
Karena delta Ps < 68,9 kPa, maka heat exchanger sudah sesuai kriteria.

STEP 8 Menghitung flow Velocity

Gt 122.869674073026 kg/m2 jam
pt 1100 kg/m3
v 2.5499 m/s
8.3662219 ft/s
SGt 1.054
∆
Pr 0.7 psi
 4.8265 kPa
∆
PT 4.82809978888889 kPa
Karena delta Ps < 68,9 kPa, maka heat exchanger sudah sesuai kriteria.

COND
Barometric Condenser
Fungsi Mengkondensasi uap dari Crystallizer
Jumlah 1

Suhu Operasi 40 0
Tekanan Operasi 0.04 atm
Vm 716.40888563819 kg/hr
Bm H2O 18
Suhu Bahan 62.6130058744402 0
ρ 0.003 lb/cuft

Rate Vol uap 503097.427521353 cuft/jam

8384.95712535589 cuft/min

Dari tabel 40.1 Hugot diperoleh data sebagai berikut

Rate Uap 716.40888563819 kg/hr

maka H 2.4 m

Luas Penampang Condensor

Kecepatan Superficial 6000 fpm
A 1.39749285422598 ft2
Di 0.890122837086612 ft
10.6814740450393 in
Dew 0.724842270486851 dm
0.072 m
Bagian bawah berbentuk kerucut dengan sudut 60C terhadap garis horizontal
a 0.008
t2 60.35
W 27.7881556546496 Kebutuhan air pendingin
 Crystallization

bawah kerucut.

4090.9 Kj/jam m2 °C
(Louhi - Kultanen & Sha, 2016)

Ingat rumus

Ingat rumus

pi/4*D^2*H

QH/(A*T)
 HEAT EXCHANGER

Asumsi
Shell and Tube
nt karena LMTD besar sehingga luas transfer panas kecil, maka
ukuran HE kecil
Single pass shell dan 2 pass tube
n di tube karena laju alir massa besar dan terdapat ion logam
bisa digunakan pada fouling rendah maupun tinggi. Kemudian,
Pressure drop rendah
Single segmental baffle karena umum digunakan
ffle cut yang diizinkan 10 - 49% dan yang paling sering digunakan
pada industri adalah 25%
50 % dari inside diameter shell

0.0254000508001016 m

0.0325775345321866
gan tube yang didapat adalah 80 tube. Oleh karena itu, jumlah tube dinaikan menjadi 100 tube

m. Karena susunan tube yang dipilih adalah square maka :

g 5 - 10. Oleh karena itu, hasil perhitungan rasio tersebut sudah masuk dalam rentang.
Ludwig 1965

107232.1
94.21577

(Kern, 1965)
(Kern, 1965)
 ∆𝑃𝑠=(𝑓𝑠×𝑔𝑠×𝐼𝐷𝑠×(𝑁+1

∆𝑃𝑡=(𝑓𝑡×𝑔𝑙×𝐿×𝑛)/(2×𝑃

"Type equation here."

 CONDENSOR

400 Rankine

1579.40935745567 lb/hr

626.130058744402 Rankine

7.8744 ft

(Table 2.4, Ludwig Vol.1)

 Rumus

∆𝑃𝑠=(𝑓𝑠×𝑔𝑠×𝐼𝐷𝑠×(𝑁+1))/(2×𝑃𝑠×𝐷𝑒×∅)

∆𝑃𝑡=(𝑓𝑡×𝑔𝑙×𝐿×𝑛)/(2×𝑃𝑠×𝐼𝐷𝑡×∅)

∆𝑃𝑇= ∆𝑃𝑡+ ∆𝑃𝑟

23.52
Centrifuge

Fungsi Untuk Memisahkan kristal MgSO4 dengan larutannya

Tipe Disk Bowl
Densitas Campuran 1100 kg/m3
68.67106 lb/ft3

V (Laju Alir Volumetic) 4.353 m3/h

1150.087 gal/h
19.16812 gal/min

Pada buku Perry edisi 9 tabel 18 - 12 halaman 18 - 112, dengan laju alir 5 - 50 gal min menggunakan disk centrifuge. Sehingga

D 13 in
Kecepatan putar 7500 rpm
Gaya Sentrifugal maks 10400
daya 6 hp
 5.129 100

unakan disk centrifuge. Sehingga didapatkannya :

Rotary Dryer

Fungsi Untuk mengeringkan Kristal MgSO4

Jenis Counter Indirect Heat Rotary Dryer
Bahan

Menentukan Diameter Rotary Dryer

Tin 40 ⁰C 104 ⁰F
Tout 29 ⁰C 84.2 ⁰F

Banyak udara yang dibutuhkan 71.640888564 kg/hr 157.9409 lb/hr

Range kecepatan udara 200 - 1000 lb/jam ft2 (Perry , 2018)
Diambil kecepatan rata - rata 500 lb/jam ft2
A 0.3158818715 ft2

A pi*D^2/4
D^2 4A/Pi
0.1005993221
0.3171739619 ft
D
0.0966699061 m

Menentukan Panjang Dryer

Lt= 0,1 x Cp x G^0,84 x D (Perry , 2018)
Cp 6.940098822 Btu/lbmol-F
G 0.6774190792 lb/jam.ft2
Lt 0.1587023721 ft

Nt 1,5 - 2,0 (Perry , 2018)

Diambil 1.5
L Lt x Nt
0.2380535581 ft

Untuk L/D 3,0 - 10,0 ft

0.7505457152 ft memenuhi

Waktu Transportasi
Hold Up 3 - 12% (Perry , 2018)
Diambil 10%
Volume total 0.0187992009 ft3
Hold Up 0.0018799201 ft3
Laju umpan kristal yang masuk 3186.7990305 kg/hr 7026.892 lb/hr
Ø(Time of passage) 1.6156004E-05 jam

Menghitung Putaran RD
v 30 - 150 ft/min (Perry , 2018)
diambil 100 ft/min

N 100.40904229 rpm
Range
NxD 25 - 35 rpm (Perry , 2018)
31.847133758 rpm (memenuhi)

Menentukan Power
Total Hp untuk penggerak rotary dryer = 0,5^2 - D^2
Diambil power 0,75 D^2
0.0754494916 Hp
2.470627

Volume total=(𝜋 〖𝑟𝐷〗 ^2 𝐿" " )/4

N=𝑣/
(𝜋.𝐷)
 Step 1. Data proses

𝑤_𝐹 0.02 𝑤_𝑝 0.0001

𝑚_𝐹 3346.775 kg/h
𝐶_(𝑝, 𝐹) 7.401961 KJ/KG 𝐶_(𝑝, 4.2 Kj/kg.°C 3202.263
𝑤)
T in 50 °C
T out 50 °C
𝐻_(𝑓 𝑔 @ 2357.69
𝑇𝑑𝑟𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔)

Step 2. Massa padatan kering dan air yang dihilangkan

𝑚_(𝑑𝑟𝑦 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑 )=(1−0,8)("2829.123 3279.839 kg/h

")
𝑚_(𝑝, 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 )=100/90 𝑋 3644.266 kg/h
"565.8246 "

𝑚_█(𝑤, 𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑@ )=("2829.123 " )(0,8)− 66.57107 kg/h

("628.6941 ")(0,1)
Step 3. Panas untuk menguapkan air

𝑄_(𝑑𝑟𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 )= 𝑄_(𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑡𝑜 60°𝐶)+ 𝑄_█(𝐿𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡

𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛@)
𝑄_(𝑑𝑟𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 )= 𝑚_𝐹. 𝐶_(𝑝, 𝐹).∆𝑇+ 𝑚_(𝑤,
𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑).𝐻_(𝑓 𝑔 @ 𝑇𝑑𝑟𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔)
𝑄_(𝑑𝑟𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 )=("2829.123" 𝑘𝑔/ℎ). ("7.401961 " 𝑘𝑗/(𝑘𝑔.𝐶)).(60−40)°𝐶+( "2200.429 "
𝑘𝑔/ℎ).( "23" 57.69 𝑘𝑔/ℎ)

𝑄_(𝑑𝑟𝑦𝑖𝑛 156954 Kj/h panas yang dibutuhkan untuk pengeringan 2829.12323509987 kg/h MGS
𝑔)
Maka pada proses ini kuantitas energi yang dibutuhkan per kg massa MGSO4 yaitu

𝑄_(𝑑𝑟𝑦𝑖𝑛 "5606751 " /"2829.123 " kj/kg.h

46.89707
𝑔 )/(𝐾𝑔
𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑)
Sementara kuantitas energi yang dibutuhkan per kg air yang diuapkan yaitu,

𝑄_(𝑑𝑟𝑦𝑖𝑛 "5606751 " /"2200.429 "

2357.69 kj/kg.h
𝑔 )/(𝐾𝑔
𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑)

Step 4. Menentukan entalpi

𝐻_(𝐹 )= 𝐶_(𝑝, 𝐹).(𝑇_𝐹−𝑇_𝑟𝑒𝑓)+ 𝑤_𝐹. 𝐶_(𝑝, 𝑤).

(𝑇_𝐹−𝑇_𝑟𝑒𝑓)
𝐻_(𝐹 )= ("7.401961 " 𝑘𝑗/(𝑘𝑔.𝐶)).(40-25)°C + (0,8).(4,2
𝑘𝑗/(𝑘𝑔.𝐶)).(40-25)°C
𝐻_(𝐹 ) 187.149 Kj/kg

𝐻_(𝑝 )= 𝐶_(𝑝, 𝑝).(𝑇_𝑝−𝑇_𝑟𝑒𝑓)+ 𝑤_𝑝. 𝐶_(𝑝, 𝑤).

(𝑇_𝑝−𝑇_𝑟𝑒𝑓)
𝐻_(𝑝 )= 𝐶_(𝑝, 𝑝).(𝑇_𝑝−𝑇_𝑟𝑒𝑓)+ 𝑤_𝑝. 𝐶_(𝑝, 𝑤).
(𝑇_𝑝−𝑇_𝑟𝑒𝑓)
𝐻_(𝑝 )= ("7.401961" 𝑘𝑗/(𝑘𝑔.𝐶)).(60-0)°C + (0,1).(4,2
𝑘𝑗/(𝑘𝑔.𝐶)).(60-0)°C

𝐻_(𝑝 ) 185.0595 Kj/kg

Kondisi Udara 1
𝑇_𝑢𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑎 32 °C w in 0.12 kg
𝑇_𝑖𝑛 60 °C
RH(%) 80 %
T out 35

𝐻_(𝑖𝑛 )=1,006 𝑇_𝑖𝑛+ 𝑤_𝑖𝑛 (1,84

〖 𝑇〗 _𝑖𝑛+2501)
𝐻_(𝑖𝑛 )=(1,006 ×60°𝐶)+0,12×((1,84×60°𝐶)+2501)

𝐻_(𝑖𝑛 373.728
)

𝐻_(𝑜𝑢𝑡 )=1,006 𝑇_𝑜𝑢𝑡+ 𝑤_𝑜𝑢𝑡 (1,84

〖 𝑇〗 _𝑜𝑢𝑡+2501)
𝐻_(𝑜𝑢𝑡 )=1,006 (40)°𝐶+ 𝑤_𝑜𝑢𝑡 (1,84
(40)°𝐶+2501) 35.21 2565.4
𝐻_(𝑜𝑢𝑡 )=1,006 (40)°𝐶+ (𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑛 𝐴 𝑜𝑢𝑡)/𝐴_𝑜𝑢𝑡 ((1,84
(40))°𝐶+2501)

𝐻_(𝑜𝑢𝑡 )=40.24+2541.24 (𝑚_(𝑤, 𝑟𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 )+

𝑤_𝑖𝑛 〖 .𝐴 〗 _𝑖𝑛)/𝐴_𝑜𝑢𝑡

Dari step 2 diketahui bahwa

𝑚_█(𝑤, 66.57107 kg/h

𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑@ )
dan
𝐴_𝑖𝑛=𝐴_𝑜𝑢𝑡
maka
𝐻_(𝑜𝑢𝑡 )=40.24+2541.24 ("2200.429"
+0,12 〖 .𝐴 〗 _𝑜𝑢𝑡)/𝐴_𝑜𝑢𝑡

Step 5. Neraca energi

𝑚_𝐹.𝐻_𝐹+𝐴_𝑖𝑛.𝐻_𝑖𝑛=
𝑚_𝑃.𝐻_𝑃+𝐴_𝑜𝑢𝑡.𝐻_𝑜𝑢𝑡+𝑄_𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠
(2829.123 ).("373.728 ")+𝐴_𝑜𝑢𝑡.373.728= (628.6941 ).("147.7 " )+𝐴_𝑜𝑢𝑡.[40.24+2541.24
(2200.429+0,12 〖 .𝐴 〗 _𝑜𝑢𝑡)/𝐴_𝑜𝑢𝑡 ]+1

303847.8 𝑘𝑗/ℎ+373.728 𝐴_𝑜𝑢𝑡= 92858.1186𝑘𝑗/ℎ+40.24 𝐴_𝑜𝑢𝑡+5591818.19𝑘𝑗/ℎ+304.9488

𝐴_𝑜𝑢𝑡 +1
 338.518 A out = 218841.9
〖 "333.488 " 𝐴 〗 _𝑜𝑢𝑡= 5454235 𝑘𝑗/ℎ
(𝐾𝑔 𝑑𝑟𝑦 𝑎𝑖𝑟)/ℎ
〖 𝐴〗 _𝑜𝑢𝑡 646.4705

〖 𝐴〗 _𝑖𝑛 646.4705
(𝐾𝑔 𝑑𝑟𝑦 𝑎𝑖𝑟)/ℎ

A in = A out 646.4705

sehingga neraca Energinya

218841.9 = 218841.9

Maka humidity ratio udara yang meninggalkan pengering yaitu,

𝑊_𝑜𝑢𝑡=(𝑚_(𝑤, 𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑)+𝑊_𝑖𝑛 𝐴_𝑖𝑛)/𝐴_𝑜𝑢𝑡 =

(15,556+0,026(1032,081))/1032,081

𝑊_𝑜𝑢𝑡 (𝐾𝑔 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟)/(𝐾𝑔 𝑑𝑟𝑦 𝑎𝑖𝑟)

0.222976

Step 6. Neraca massa

𝑚_𝐹.𝑊_𝐹+𝐴_𝑖𝑛.𝑊_𝑖𝑛=
𝑚_𝑃.𝑊_𝑃+𝐴_𝑜𝑢𝑡.𝑊_𝑜𝑢𝑡
( "2829.123 "×0,8)+("16134.43 "×0,12)= (628.6941 ×0,1)+("16134.43"×"0.256381 ")

144.512 = 144.512 -3202.263 -3130.622

3275.134
2829.12323509987 kg/h MGSO4
Screw Conveyor

Fungsi Mengangkut padatan MgSO4 dari RD ke Ball Mill

Jenis Screw Conveyor
Jumlah 1

Berdasarkan Perry, Tabel 21 - 3 dan 21 -4 hal 21 - 7. Bahan diklasifikasikan ke dalam kelas C36, dimana :

C Berbentuk granular dengan ukuran 3,18 - 12,7 mm (1/8in - 1/2 in)

3 Sluggish - angle of repose 45 degree and up
6 non abbrasive

Bahan yang masuk 3346.7749749582 kg/batch

Densitas 998 kg/m3
Kapasitas Volume 9198 m3/jam 324827.4 ft3/jam

Dengan kapasitas volume 0,271 ft3/min dari Perry, Tabel 21 -5 diperoleh :

Diameter Screw 9 in
0.229 m
Kapasitas/rpm 659628 ft3/jam rpm
Jumlah Putaran 0.068 rpm

Putaran maksimum yang dizinkan = 68 rpm

Dari gambar 16 - 20 Banchero hal 712

Menentukan panjan screw Conveyor

Waktu tinggal 30 menit
0.5 Jam

Volume Tabung 4599 m3

Volume Tabung 1/4*pi*D2*L

L 75 ft

Menentukan daya screw conveyor

C 0.271 ft3/jam
L 75 ft
998 kg/m3
W
62.304906979648 lb/ft3
F 4

Daya C x L x F x W / 33000
0.153496634468 Hp
Ball Mill

Fungsi Menghaluskan Kristal MgSO4 Sehingga diperoleh butiran halus MgSO4

Laju Alir masuk (F) 3275.3185064 kg/hr

3.2753185064 ton/hr

Efisiensi mill 97%

Overdesign 20%
Kapasitas (1 + fk) * F
3.93038220768 ton/hr

Untuk kapsitas diatas maka digunakan spesifikasi mill jenis marcy ball mill

Spesifikasi No 200 Sieve

Kapasitas 10 ton/hr
Tipe Marcy Ball Mill
Size 3X2
Ball Charge 0.85 ton
Power 7 Hp
mill speed 35 rpm
Jumlah 1 unit
(Sumber : tabel 20-16, Perry)