PERAYAAN, kepercayaan

Karpanan Manikam
Kanagarajan Pandiyan
DAN PERMAINAN
KBT/IAB Genting Highlands
17 20 Mac 2014
ORANG INDIA

KALENDAR TAMIL
NAMA BULAN

NAMA BULAN

1. SITHIRAI (Apr Mei)

6. IYPPASI (Okt Nov)

2. VAIGAASI (Mei Jun)

7. KAARTHIGAI (Nov
Dis)

3. AANI (Jun Julai)

8. MAARGZHI (Dis Jan)

4. AADI (Julai Ogos)

10. THAI (Jan Feb)

5. AAVANI (Ogos Sept)

11. MAASI (Feb Mac)

6. PURATTAASI (Sept
Okt)

12. PANGGUNI (Mac

Apr)

Perayaan:

1. Thaipusam
- dirayakan oleh berjutajuta penganut agama
Hindu di seluruh dunia.
- Malaysia: Berjuta
berkumpul di;
*Batu Caves, Selangor,
*Kallumalai,Ipoh, Perak
*Thanneer Malai, P Png
*Johor
*Melaka

Thaipusam
*Kavadi
tununaikan nazar
*Percaya
tertunainya nazar, maka
akan terus dapat
perlindungan dan restu
Tuhan sepanjang hayat
dan juga hidup aman
sentosa.

2.Ponggal
Satu lagi perayaan yang dirayakan
oleh masyarakat Hindu di Malaysia ialah
pesta Pongal. Perkataan 'ponggal' adalah
bermaksud boiling or spilling over dan
ia adalah diibaratkan sebagai tanda
kekayaan yang diharap melimpah dalam
keluarga. Ponggal dirayakan
selepas Musim penuaian hasil
pertanian. Ia juga dianuti sebagai
tanda kesyukuran kepada Suria,
kerana Suria adalah nadi pertanian.

Bogi Pandigai (Ponggal)

Bogi dianuti sehari sebelum Ponggal.

Pada hari ini, barang barang yang lama
dan tidak perlu akan dibuang dan jika
boleh dibakar. Upacara ini adalah
simbolik yang mana, seseorang itu perlu
membuang tabiat-tabiat yang lama lagi
tidak berguna dan bertekad untuk

a.Suriya Ponggal
Surya Ponggal memberi penghormatan dan
penghargaan kepada matahari. Hari
pertama bulan Thai dalam kalendar Tamil.
Air nasi manis yang berbuih dan keluar dari
periuk adalah
dianggap sebagai tanda kebahagiaan dalam
kehidupan dan akan berterusan
dengan lebih makmur dan
maju. Ketika susu melimpah,
ungkapan Ponggal O Ponggal,
Ponggal O Ponggal, Ponggal O
Ponggal disebut sebanyak tiga
kali.

b. Mattu
Ponggal:

Lembu dianggap sebagai

haiwan yang berjasa dan
suci oleh para petani
kerana membantu
membajak tanah dan
memberi susu yang
berkhasiat. Sebagai
menghormati jasanya,
lembu-lembu dimandikan,
dibubuh kunyit pada
tanduk nya dan badan
serta dikalungkan dengan
bunga. Ponggal yang
dimasak juga disuapkan

C. Kanni Ponggal
Wanita-wanita yang belum
berkahwain akan mengadakan
Ponggal secara ramai untuk
memeriahkan lagi suasana
Ponggal. Ketika susu melimpah,
ungkapan Ponggal O Ponggal,
Ponggal O Ponggal, Ponggal O
Ponggal disebut sebanyak tiga
kali.
Pada masa dulu, kesempatan ini
digunakan oleh pemuda-pemuda
dan ibu bapa, masing-masing

3.MAHA SHIVARATHIRI
"Maha-Sivaratri" is a Hindu festival
observed on the night of the fourteenth
day of the dark half in the month of
'Magha', in Tamil 'Masi', corresponding to
the English months 'FebruaryMarch', in
honour of Siva, one of the Hindu Trinity,
representing the destructive aspect in the
universe.
Emphasize the fact that death is sure to follow birth, night is sure
to follow day,Pralaya, active cosmic life and so on, and
consequently people should always bear in mind while enjoying
the one its opposite and regulate their life accordingly. They
should not be elated at success nor should they allow
themselves to be carried away by despair at failures but always
have trust in God and worship him.

4.PANGGUNI UHTIRAM
The Panguni Uthiram festival
falls in the month 'Panguni'
(March-April). This month is
special because of the star
'Uthiram' and Pournami'
Occurring together. This festival
celeberetad grandly in Maran,
Pahang.

5.TAMIL NEW YEAR (PUTHANDU)

First day of the Tamil new year
traditionally celebrated in mid-April
by people of Tamil origin.
People greet each other on this day
by saying (Iniya Tamizh Puthaandu
Nalvazhthukkal). This is in keeping
with the Hindu solar calendar.
Tamilians believe that it was on the
Tamil New Year's Day that Lord
Brahma started the creation of the
world.

6.UGHADI(TELUGGU NEW YEAR) March/April

Ugadi is celebrated by the
people of Telugu in Malaysia.
Ugadi is celebrated on a
different day every year
because the Hindu calendar
is a lunisolar calendar which
begins with the month of
Chitra (March/April) and
Ugadi marks the first day of
the new year.

7. KRISHNA JAYANTHI/ GOKUL

ASHTAMI
Celebrated on the birthday of Lord Krishna,
Gokul Ashtami is a very auspicious day for
the Hindus across the world. The birth of
Lord Krishna, son of King Vasudeva and
Queen Devaki, is a great story in Hindu
mythology. Gokul Ashtami is celebrated in
the month of Bhadrapada which is between

August and September.

People observe a daylong fast, which is broken
only at midnight, the time when Krishna is
believed to have been born. The festival is a
community celebration, and people visit Krishna
temples, which are specially decorated and lit
for the occasion. On the occasion of
'Gokulashtami', we can find kids forming a
human pyramid to reach the pot full of curds
(dahi-handi) and break it.

Deepavali (Oktober/November)
Kejayaan kuasa baik
mengalahkan kuasa
jahat diraikan oleh
penganut Hindu dalam
perayaan Deepavali
yang juga dikenali
sebagai Perayaan
Cahaya pada setiap
bulan ke-7 (Aippasi)
mengikut kalendar
Hindu. Di seluruh
negara, upacara
sembahyang serta

Deepavali

Kad-kad Ucapan
Deepavali

Deepavali

Barang-barang yang
diperlukan untuk
menyempurnakan

Perhiasan lampu di depan

rumah pada malam
sebelum dan beberapa
hari semasa Deepavali

VISHU : Tahun Baru Masyarakat Malayali

Bagi masyarakat keturunan Malayali atau
Malayalam, sambutan tahun baru dikenali
sebagai Vishu. Walaupun pada asalnya
dirayakan penduduk keturunan Malayali di
Kerala, India; kini Vishu diraikan masyarakat
Malayali di seluruh dunia.

Melihat Vishukani yang diterangi cahaya

kuning keemasan sebagai objek pertama
pada tahun baru Vishu.
Cahaya warna kuning pada Vishukani
disamakan dengan warna emas; iaitu
lambang kekayaan dan kemakmuran.
Sesudah sembahyang, seisi keluarga akan
menikmati sadya iaitu jamuan makan tahun
baru. Masakan nabati (vegetarian) ini hanyalah
beberapa juadah yang sederhana tetapi sangat
istimewa bagi masyarakat Malayali pada pagi
tahun baru Vishu.

PERMAINA
N

Permainan Jallikattu
Pertandingan Jallikattu (pertandingan antara manusia dan
lembu) dan Selambam (seni mempertahankan diri) diadakan
di Madurai, Truchirapalli dan Tanjavur. Sungguhpun
permainan ini tidak menyerlah di Malaysia, namun Ponggal
tetap disambut dengan penuh meriah mengikut adat.

Indian martial arts

Wrestling : Malla-yuddha, Pehlwani,
Musti Yuddha, Mukna, Inbuan wrestling,
Kalarippayattu,

Silambam, Kuttu Varisai,

Varma Kalai, Marma adi,
Gatka Thang-Ta

SILAMBAM SENI MEMPERTAHAN DIRI

Silambam (Tamil: )or silambattam (Tamil

: )
is a weapon-based Dravidian martial art from Tamil Nadu in
south India but also practised by the Tamil community of Sri
Lanka and Malaysia.
In Tamil, the word silambam refers to the bamboo staff which is
the main weapon used in this style. Other weapons are also used
such as the short staff (sedi kuchi or muchchaan), deer horn
(maduvu), knife (kathi), sword (vaal), stick (kali or kaji), dagger
(kuttuval or Katar), knuckle duster (kuttu katai), and whips with
several flexible and metallic blades (surul pattai).
Some silambam practitioners has also included the unarmed
system, called kuttu varisai,into their curriculum which utilizes
stances and routines based on animal movements such as the
snake, tiger, elephant and eagle forms.

SILAMBAM INDIAN MARTIAL ART

The Pandya kings ruling in Tamil Nadu promoted
Silambam fencing, as did their Chola and Chera
counterparts.
Silapathiharam Tamil literature, dating back to 2nd
century A.D., refers to the sale of silamabam staves,
swords, pearls and armour to foreign traders.
The ancient trading centre at Madurai city, renowned
globally, was said to be thronged by Romans,
Greeks, Egyptians among others who had regular sea
trade with the ancient Dravidian kings.
The silambam staff was one of the martial art
weapons, that was in great demand with the
visitors.

SILAMBAM INDIAN MARTIAL ART

The use of the long staff for self - defence or mock fighting was a highly organised game in the state as
early as the 1st and 2nd centuries A.D.
In the Vedic age, young men were imparted training to
defend themselves with staves, both as a ritual and an
emergency.
Ke Malaysia:
Silambam is believed to have travelled from Tamil
Nadu to Malaysia, where it is now a popular
recreational sport and also a mode of self defence.

PERMAINAN
Pallankuli (Chongkak)

Pallangkuli is played in the southern

India. It is called the gambling game
by men. The board has 14 cups with
each player controlling seven.

Pallanguli
(Chongkak)
(Samb)

In each cup six seeds are placed. To play

the game, players lift the seeds and

distribute one seed in each hole. If the
seeds are finished, the player goes on to
his opponents side of the board. If the
seed fall into a cup with an empty cup
beyond, the seeds in the cup beyond the
empty hole are captured by the player and
put into his store.

Kabadi

Kabadi
Kabaddi is one of the popular game
among the peoples of Asia, especially
in the villigers of India, Pakistan,
Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal and
Japan.
Historian believe that it is about 4,000
year old game. This game involves
skills and powers of two teams and
combines the characteristics of
wrestling and rugby. It was
originally meant to develop
selfdefence, in addition to responses to

In addition to responses to attack, and reflexes of counter attack

by individuals, and by groups or teams. It is a rather simple and
inexpensive game, And neither requires a massive playing area,
nor any expensive equipment. This explains the popularity of the
game in rural areas. Kabaddi is played all over Asia with minor
variations. Kabaddi is also known by various names viz.
Chedugudu or Hu-Tu-Tu in southern parts ofIndia, Hadudu (Men)
and Chu - Kit-Kit (women) in Eastern India, and Kabaddi in
northern India.

Chess - Sejarah
Thehistory of chessspans some 1500 years. The

earliest predecessors of the game originated inIndia,

before the 6th century AD. Chess
game has spread throughout the
world and their name derived from
the Sanskrit game

Chaturanga. From India, the

game spread toPersia. When the
Arabs conquered Persia, chess was
taken up by the Muslim world and
subsequently spread to Southern
Europe. In Europe, chess evolved into
its current form in the 15th century.

Modern Chess
In the second half of the

19th century, modern chess

tournamentplay began, and
the firstworld Chess
Championshipwas held in
1886. The 20th century saw
great leaps forward inchess
theory and the establishment of
The
World
Chess
Federation
(FIDE).
Developments in the 21st century include use
of computers for analysis, which originated in
the 1970s with the first Programmed chess
games on the market. Online gaming
appeared in the mid 1990's.

Kolam
Kolam is a form of sandpainting
that is drawn usingricepowder
by female members of the family
in front of their home. It is
widely practised by Hindus in
South India. A Kolam is a
geometrical line drawing
composed of curved loops,
drawn around a grid pattern
of dots.Kolams are thought to
bestow prosperity to homes.

Kolam - amalan murni

Decoration was not the
Sole purpose of a Kolam.
In olden days, kolams
used to be drawn in
coarse rice flour,
so that theants
don't have to work
so hard for a meal.
The rice powder is said
to invite birds and other small critters to eat it,
thus
inviting other beings into one's home and
everyday life:

KEPERCAYAAN / AGAMA

*Agama Hindu - di antara yang tertua di dunia.

Hinduisme lebih berbentuk cara kehidupan
daripada agama
(Hinduism is a way of life).
*Tidak mempunyai pengasas tetapi mempunyai
banyak kitab yang dianggap sebagai kitab suci
(veda, smiruthi, puraanas dll.
*Sesetengah menganggap Bhagavadgita dan
Thirukkural sebagai kitab suci. Ia
mengandungi nyanyian-nyanyian dewata
(Bhajans) dan mengajar tentang cara-cara
kebahagiaan dan ketinggian hidup manusia.

Pengajar agama Hindu dikenali sebagai

Nayanmar dan Alwar(Terdapat 60 orang
lebih dalam warisan tersebut yang
memperkembangkan kepercayaan dan agama
ini) .
Orang Hindu percaya kepada jelmaan tuhan.
Oleh itu, mereka menyembah kepada ramai
dewa dan juga dewi.

Hinduism embraces a great diversity

ofbeliefs, a fact that can be initially
confusing to others. Probably the most
well-known Hindu saying about
religion is: "Truth is one; sages call
it by different names."

 NANDRI
VANAKKAM
KARPANAN MANIKAM
PENSYARAH KANAN
IAB GENTING HIGHLANDS
17 20 Mac 2014

Pada mulanya mereka menyembah kepada

dewa Agni (Dewa Api), Surya (Dewa Matahari)
dan Indra (Dewa Peperangan).
Lama-kelamaan, mereka menyembah 3 orang
dewa jelmaan yang digelar Trimurti (3
jelmaan) yang mempunyai peranan tertentu
iaitu :
1) Brahma (Dewa Pencipta),
2) Vishnu (Dewa Pelindung)
3) Siva (Dewa Pemusnah).
2 mazhab yang terpenting dalam agama Hindu
iaitu Mazhab Saivisme dan Mazhab

Orang Hindu juga percaya kepada Hukum

Karma, kelahiran semula selepas mati :
Mereka percaya bahawa roh seseorang tidak
akan mati bersama-sama jasadnya tetapi
masuk ke dalam jasad yang lain dan dilahirkan
semula untuk memulakan kehidupan yang
baru.
a. Jenis kehidupan ini ditentukan oleh Hukum
Karma.
b. Karma dalam Bahasa Sanskrit bererti
tindakan dan hasil-hasilnya. Oleh itu,
karma ialah tingkah laku seseorang pada
masa hidupnya dan menerima hasil pada
hidup akan datang mengikut sama ada
karmanya baik atau buruk.

c. Jika seseorang itu membuat kebaikan dan

menyembah tuhan, ia akan dilahirkan
kembali ke dalam keluarga yang lebih
berada untuk menikmati kehidupan yang
lebih baik.
d. Jika seseorang itu terus berkelakuan baik, ia
akan terus meningkatkan tarafnya sehingga
ia tidak boleh dan tidak perlu dilahirkan
semula.
e. Rohnya akan mencapai Moksha atau
Nirvana.

unitingrohnya
withakan
God
as a
drop
f.To
Ini bermakna
bersatu
dengan
ofdan
rain
with ke
the
tuhan
tidakmerges
akan lahir semula
dunia.
sea.

Kepercayaan / pantang larang

Daughter should be born in odd number in the

sequence of birth i.e. first, third, fifth children

should be girls. A fourth-born girl is said to ruin the
house, but a fifth-born girl will bring gold to the
house.
A mirror should not be shown to babies as it is
supposed to make them dumb.
It is believed that a pregnant woman should not
be photographed.
breaking a coconut before the images of deities is
a remnant or a substitute for human sacrifice

Kepercayaan / Pantang larang

The itching of the sole of the foot indicates a forth coming

journey.
It is considered a good omen if a Garuda is seen hovering in the
sky when one goes about on an important assignment. The
ordinary folk are keen on hearing good and cheerful words as
promise of success.
It is the tradition to return home drink a cup of water, rest for a
while and resume the trip, if
1. one is crossed by a snake, a cat, a monk, a lonely Brahmin, a
barber, a widow or an oil-monger
2. an unpleasant sound is heard
3. there is a slip of the leg or accidental fall
4. the head is hit by the top of the door-frame or by some other
obstruction
5. some unknown voice says "don't go"

Kepercayaan
A number of activities are avoided after sunset.
1. cutting of one's hair or even nails;
2. giving of dirty linen to the dhobi;
3. lending or giving money, salt ,butter, milk or white articles
generally;
4. Sweeping is also prohibited for its believed that prosperity
is swept away;
5. Starting a new journey is also not advisable.
6. Itching of the right palm indicates income showers
during hottest part of the year signify a prosperous year
ahead.
7. Spending money or quarrelling with someone on new
year's day signifies the same trend throughout the year.

Kepercayaan
8. Biting of finger nails, avoidable waste of water, frequent
jerking of legs and entry of tortoise in to a house are
symptoms of forth coming poverty
9.Sitting cross-legged or keeping hand folded around the
knees are habits of associated with the dead .
10. When light (including electric light ) is lit after sunset,
the folk join their palms together and thank God for having
led them from darkness to light. Similarly at the day break
life begins with the salutation of the sun.
11. It is also disrespectful to sit cross-legged in front
of elders.