Paleontologi

(Filum Echinodermata)
Kelompok 7
1.

Abriyanto Putra S.N.

2.

Adlirrahman Aufar

3.

Ahmad Rizky Reynda

4.

Rivo Adikusuma

5.

Sarfina Adani

contents

1. Pendahuluan

2. Morfologi

3. Klasifikasi

4. Kegunaan di dalam ilmu geologi

Pendahuluan

pendahuluan
Echi
Derma

= berduri
= kulit

Habitat
Bentuk

http://museum.wa.gov.au/

= laut, air payau

tubuh = pentameral

Reproduksi

= seksual

Pergerakan

= ambularkral feet

Morfologi
Echinodermata

Ciri-ciri Umum Echinodermata

Memiliki bentuk tubuh yang simetri bilateral pada saat masih larva,
dan disaat dewasa bentuk tubuhnya simteri radial

Mempunyai kulit tubuh yang terdiri atas zat kitin

Bergerak dengan ambulakral yaitu kaki tabung dengan lubanglubang kecil yang berfungsi untuk menghisap.

Mempunyai sistem pencernaan sempurna kecuali bintang laut yang

tidak mempunya anus.

Perkembangbiakan secara seksual

Pada permukaan tubuh terdiri atas tonjolan-tonjolan yang

menyerupai duri

Mempunyai sistem tabung jaringan hidrolik

Kelas Asteroidea

Jenis hewan ini berbentuk bintang dengan 5 lengan.

Di permukaan kulit tubuhnya terdapat duri-duri dengan

berbagai ukuran.

Hewan ini banyak dijumpai di pantai (intertidal) dan di dasar

laut (abyssal).

Ciri lainnya adalah alat organ tubuhnya bercabang ke seluruh

lengan.

The Virtual Fossil Museum

Kelas Echinoidea

Tubuhnya tidak memiliki segmen-segmen.

Umumnya, bentuk tubuhnya simetri radial dan bilateral.

Memiliki sel kelamin yang terpisah

Kulitnya tersusun atas lempeng-lempeng yang terbuat dari zat

kapur.

Biasanya berukuran besar dengan bentuk badan memipih,

seperti bintang, globuler (bulat seperti bola)

id.aliexpress.com

Kelas Ophiuroidea

Hewan ini jenis tubuhnya memiliki 5 lengan yang

panjang-panjang.

Kelima tangan ini juga bisa digerak-gerakkan

sehingga menyerupai ular.

Mulut dan madreporitnya terdapat di permukaan

oral.

Hewan ini tidak mempunyai amburakal dan anus,

Hewan ini hidup di laut >500m

vikipedi

Crinoidea
Bentuk menyerupai Tumbuhan
(bunga lili)
Hidup dari Pantai sampai
kedalaman 3500 meter
Memiliki lengan berjumlah 5
atau kelipatannya
Memiliki amburakral di sekitar
mulut
Tidak memiliki duri
Memiliki sekitar 550 spesies

Metacrinus rotundus (Japanese

Sea Lily)

http://astronomy-to-zoology.tumblr.com/post/52145169078/japane
se-sea-lily-metacrinus-rotundus-a

Holothuroidea
Bentuk menyerupai timun.
Disebut juga timun laut / teripang
Memiliki tubuh lunak yang halus
Biasa ditemukan di tepi pantai
Memiliki bagian tubuh berjumlah
5 dan amburakral
Memiliki sekitar 1000 spesies
Ada yang hermafrodit dan
genokhoris

Stichoupus variegatus

http://rasasakit.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/teripa
ng-emas-2.jpg
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-o79SpHYHxTQ/VtpXL1Qj
2-I/AAAAAAAAAGI/CxbWAuaerzA/s400/Teripang%2BEMa
s.jpg

Kelas yang Sudah Terpunahkan

Blastoidea

Edrioasteriodea

Cystoidea

Carpoidea

Eocrinoidea

Blastoidea

Ernst Haeckel's Art Forms of Nature, 1904

Edrioasteriodea

Cystoidea

Ernst Haeckel's Art Forms of Nature, 1904

Carpoidea

wikipedia

Eocrinoidea

Echinodermata on
Geology

Echinodermata

The morphological features that

unite all echinoderms are the
water vascular system and a
mesodermal skeleton comprised of
numerous plates.

Each plate is a single crystal of

calcite.

Calcite is a mineral that is readily

preserved through geological time;
however, the water vascular tissue
is entirely soft tissue and not
preserved.

Fortunately, the track of the water

vascular system can be preserved
because an ambulacrum sits along
a complex of distinctive plates.

Nhm.ac.uk

Oldest Echinodermata

Arkarua is a small disc-like fossil,

and was described as an echinoderm.

If this is correct, then Arkarua is the

oldest known echinoderm.

The fossils preserve what appears to

be a five-lobed central region that is
interpreted as five ambulacral
grooves

Unfortunately, the fossils found in

sandstone thus far do not preserve
any details of the internal organs. No
evidence of its definite morphology
or water vascular system is known
for Arkarua, and these are
considered the diagnostic features
for echinoderms,

Oldest Definite Echinodermata

The oldest definite of Echinodermata is from subclass Crinoid,

Agrocrinus.

This specimen is from Early Cambrian stage (~540 mya)

Echinodermata

Illustrations sourced from: Bather, F. A. 1907

A, a cystoid

B, a carpoid;

C, an edrioasteroid;

D, a blastoid.

All of the modern kinds of echinoderms mentioned above were present as long ago as
the Palaeozoic Era, 545 to 251 million years ago (mya). Also living at that time were a
number of other kinds of echinoderms that died out by the end of the era. These extinct
forms include the cystoids (Ordovician to Devonian periods, 490354 mya) and blastoids
(Silurian to Permian, 434251 mya), both of which were attached to the sea floor by a
long stem; the edrioasteroids (Cambrian to Carboniferous, 545-298 mya) which were
mostly flattened and disc-shaped; and the strange carpoids (Cambrian to Devonian, 545354 mya) which generally lacked any symmetry at all.

Sandstones and siltstones of middle Palaeozoic age (Late Silurian to Early Devonian,
420-400 my old) in central Victoria contain fossils of many different kinds of
echinoderms, including sea stars, brittle stars, crinoids, cystoids, blastoids,
edrioasteroids and carpoids. They occur in the Heathcote, Kilmore, Kinglake, Melbourne
and Lilydale districts. In much younger rocks of the Cainozoic Era (less than 65 my old),
the most abundant echinoderms found in Victoria are the echinoids or sea urchins. They
occur mainly in limestones exposed in coastal areas including the Portland, Port
Campbell, Torquay, Geelong and Lakes Entrance districts. Fossil crinoids and sea stars
also occur in Victorian Cainozoic rocks but are rare, because their skeletons quickly
disintegrated after death and so only isolated plates are generally found.

All echinoderms are marine;

none can live in fresh water or on
land.

Echinoderms are also not

microscopic, except for their
larvae; they range from a few
millimeters to a few decimeters
in size, although the stalks of
some crinoids could reach a
length of over a meter.

With a few exceptions,

echinoderms are all benthic
(bottom-dwellers);

Most Paleozoic echinoderms were

sessile, while most living
echinoderms can creep from
place to place. Few can swim or
float.

Echinodermata

Echinodermata

Within these limits, echinoderms have diversified into a number of

life styles. Some, like many starfish, are predators; holothurians,
sand dollars, and ophiuroids often feed on detritus; crinoids are
filter-feeders; sea urchins scrape algae from rocks.

Starfish and sea urchins may be common in very shallow water,

while the floor of the deep sea may swarm with ophiuroids or
holothurians.

Thank You

References
Bather, F. A. (1907). A guide to the fossil invertebrate animals in the

Department of Geology and Palaeontology in the British Museum

(Natural History). BM(NH), London

Zittel, K. A. (1883). Trait de palontologie, English version. Paris.

Clarkson, E.N.K (1993). Invertebrate palaeontology and evolution.

Shrock, R. R.; Twenhofel, W. H. (1953). Principles of Invertebrate

Paleontology, 2nd edition.