SiapaKah Yang
mengorrcrot
pernaf asan �
oeonomxan
aeeu SSP???
'Pendahu1uan
retal<Sasi 0 t 0 t
pernafasan
• SeKelotnpoK neur on
yg
bertoxast bilateral di
meduta da
obtongaea n
pons oada batang
• Por'IS
otaK
� espiratory center"
re!p'
Respn lDry ·enien,
•or,
dibagi 3, Yait u :
• FIGURE 13-33 Respiratory control ce.nten In the
brain stem.
Respiratory center
7'
•
7�
Mengatur irama dasar
inspirasi 1.Medu11arY
- ekspirasi
• Lokasi: MO WthmicitY 2.Pneumotaxic area
• Koordinasi masa
3. Apneustic area t ransisi ant ar a
• Koordinasi transisi inspir asi - ekspir asi
antara inhalasi o/ • Mengt ransmisikan
ekshalasi Imputs
• Transmisi stimu1asi
sinYal ke ar ea 7 prolong • inhibisi «e area inspirasi
inhalasi<lama o/ datarm
inhalasi Lokasi : upper pons
• Tertutupi oten sinYal dr
oneurnoeaxlc
INSPIRATORY AREA
ACTIVE INACTIVE
2 seconds I 3s eoonds
t
Diaphragm and eXlemal
merc:osufs rebx. Activates
---
fclowed by ebsbc
recoel of lungs LNSP RATORY AREA � EXPIRATORY AREA
ACTIVE
I
•
•
t
0 .Jphragm,
stemode
domastoid,
(.J) Ol.n,g normal qu et brealh.ng
� sc.llffle
musdes
a. Normal quiet breathing con Ir.Jet
b. forceful breathing
�
xemoresepeor
1. central
cnemoreseoeor
• sensitif thd
perubanen Kadar
H+ dan at au
..,
�--
carCOO 6 J I I A
- I�* I
r� -
detam LCS
2. 'f)er if er
cnernoresepeo 1��r:�
• r
sensitif thd 1
perubanan
Kadar
'P0 2, H+ dan
'PC0 2 dar ah
i'PC02 = t H+
• C02 brsifat lipid soluble, mudan berdifusi Ke
detam se1
• Enzitn carbonic anhidrase tersedia di detem sei
- ,,, '- � - - - - - . . . : : ; . _ -
Sti tnu I Stitnulasi
asi
.
Ketnoreseptor sentra I Ketnoreseptor perifer
�
I Briln-fCF Pco,
Pusat respirast
LEBIH
SENSITif thd
IBr....ECFH• Pet PC02
dibanding pe]
A:ilplw.81 1-- . • :..: +--I,.._,.,.,.,,
P02
· �
ca - C<>OnlC llltf;'lhM
• FIGURE 13-35 tffKt of lncreastd U'l"rbl P,01 on
.
� J
3. Proprfosepeor menseimurast
pernafasan
• segera seeetan mutat exercise 7 freKuensi dan
«edetarnan bernares segera tneningKat
• 80
7 persentase Hb eersaeuresl dim
0
mmHg : eo
tingginYa altitude.
- - - - - - - - EPect of high alt.cudeo n .,,.,.Wll oxygen u bJrllt,onwt-or,
l'>Q ... Ind when br9dw,g put9 oxygen.
-!
High altitude
• NaiK Ke altitude 10 , 0 0 0 ft aeau 1ebih dengan ceoae 7
• acute mountain slcxness
• DiKar enaKan hYPOXiC hYPOXia dan
hYPOCapnia-aKibat alKalosis.
• Terjadi : Acute cerebral edem <\; acute outrnona: edem
• GejalanYa : f at igue, nausea, 1oss of appetit e,
labored breat hing, rapid hear t rat e (Kompensasi
hypoxia) <\;
disfungsi saraf (poor judgment, dizziness<\;
Incoordlnaeion. Aklitnatisasi
·'Pet eritrosit
•'Pet kapasitas difusi 02
• Angiogenesis kapiler
janngan
• t jlh mitochondria &
enzim
Penerbangan o/
ruang angKasa
• GaYa percepstan sentrifuga1
f = mv2/r
• G + bila searah dg gravitas;
• 7 darah eerousae Ke bag bawah eubun 7
teKanan vena i 7 pengisian jantung i
• G- bua ber1awanan arah dg gravitas;
pH of arterial blood
Normal pH range
r+i
Acidosis II Alkalosis
pH
s c a l e - - - - - - - - 1 - 1 - -----------
7. 7.35 7.45 7.
0 8
Survival range
R egulat or
7�
PH
3 siseem yg berperan dtm
rnenjaga homeostasis PH :
• Sistetn buffer dr Plasma, cairan eubun
4,, sel (eritrosit)
• 'Paru "7 regu1asi C02
• Ginjal 7 r egu1asi ion
H+
Bicar bonate
buffer system
First line of
Chemical Phosphate
defense against
buffer system buffer system
pH shift
Protein
buffer system
Respiratory
mechanism
Second line of (C02 excretion)
defense Phy siologica
against pH shift l buffer s Renal
mechanism
(H+ excretion)
I ,....- ' "\,,.
I
-
Regu1asi stseem pernafasan
�
H2C03 �
' � C0 2 + H20
KarboniK anhldrase
-
Ingat lll Transpor coa
1. Disso1ved =lOo/o Al¥eoli
I.
T111$U8 eels
COt
j 2. HbC02 = 30%
3. HC03- = 60%
HbOa-Oa + ..
.... . .
C- o·uahadCO,
c o ,
wx,,-,;tr
�
_ ... -A.
-C8-� +
HCO,- cr•
(chlonde
sh�)
HCo,-
er-
-1.pH
Lungs
i R e s pi foti on rote
and depth
i
i C 0 2 g i v e n off i R ote of H + s ec re t ion
Nilai normal
t: Pe ()
'
2. Keracunan (
3. jeng1�01
Demam
q.. Gaga1 ginjal( ( )) )
s. Muntah axuc ( )
6. Diare nebae ( )
7. Pd tempat yg tingg;
a. Ketoasidosis ( )
9. Metabolisme tubuh meningkat ( )
ro.Lumoun oeoe pernafasan ( )
1--------------
A&iclo&is
.M@&piP
Cl'Co:Pi k
• faKtor apaoun yg menurunxan
f
xecepaean ventilasi paru . . . Pco2
f
cairan exserasetuter ... H2C03 7 H+
• Kondisi yg merusex ousae oemarasan.
• Obstruksi Jatur traktus resplracortus
7 Etnfisema, pneumonia.
• Obat-obatan 7 oplae, anestesi,sedatif
1. Sistetn
buffer/
penyangga
2. ginjal
l-----� ----------
A 11<aIosisRespira1:ori 1<
A&ido&i& rnetahofik
• MrpK beneux yg terbanYaK dtm KliniK.
• Kadar bixarbonae <HCQ 3-) darah.
i 'PetnbentuKan H+
1.
7 «eeoesioosts, lactic asidosis
2. 'Penyerapan asatn
7 obee-obaean 7 sa1isilat,
penv u-, 3. meeanot.
> Gangguan eKsKresi H+ oten ginjal
ebab n/
'f. 7 gaga1 ginjal
Kehilangan HC03 certebtnan.
7 diare
Referensi
1. Sher wood. 2013. I nt roduc t ion t o
human PhYsio1ogy 9th edit io n.
2. T or t or a. 2011. Principles of an torny o/
PhYsio1ogy 13th edition.
3. Guyt on and Hall. T ext book of
Medic al
PhYsio1ogy. 11th edition.