SLAMET SUMARNO
Disampaikan pada:
Vertebra
Tulang iga
Anatomi Otot pernapasan
Otot inspirasi Otot ekspirasi
N. XI. Accessory.
Diaphragm
• Phrenic
nerve
• C3 - 5
• Contribute
s to 65%
of Vital
Capacity
Diaphragm
• Phrenic
nerve
• C3 - 5
• Contribute
s to 65%
of Vital
Capacity
• Intercostal
•Intercostal
nerves :
T1-T11
•Both layers act
as inspirators
at low volumes,
and expirators
at large
volumes
• Scalene
• C4-C8
• Platysma
• Mylohyoid
• Latissimus dorsi
• Pectoralis N. XI
• Sternocleidomastoid
• Trapezi
• Cranial nerve XI
Respiratory
System
• We cannot
live without
oxygen.
• All living cells
require to get
oxygen from
the fluid
around them
and to get rid
of corbon
dioxide to it.
Pertahanan sistem
pernafasan
Ruang rugi
Anatomi:
Gas yanga
Ada pada
Jalan nafas
150 CC
Ruang rugi
Fisiologi:
Keterbatasan
Ventilasi
Paru atau
Raung residu
Yang tinggi
1. Exchange O2
1. Air to blood
2. Blood to cells
2. Exchange CO2
1. Cells to blood
2. Blood to air
3. Regulate blood
pH
4. Vocalizations
5. Protect alveoli External and cellular respiration
Ventilation: The Pumps
1. Inspiration
2. Expiration
3. Diaphragm
1. Low energy pump
2. Concavity – flattens
4. Thorax: ribs & muscles
5. Pleura: double membrane
1. Vacuum seal
2. Fluid-lubrication
Oksigen = 20,93 %
Carbon diaksida= 0,03 %
Nitrogen = 79,04 %
Tekanan
Oksigen
Area
Sea
Level
Pulmonary ventilation
(breathing) is the
proses by which air
is moved into and out
of the lungs.
It has two phases:
inspiration and
expiration.
Proses pernafasan.
1. External Respirasi
a. Inspirasi.
b. Ekspirasi.
2. Internal Respirasi.
a. Tranportasi (sirkulasi).
b. Buffer
Inspirasi is an active
process in which the
diaphragm and the
external intercostal
muscles increase the
dimensions, and thus
the volume, of the
thoracic cage. This
decreases the
pressure in the lungs
and draws air in.
Tekanan alveoli
minus 3 s/d 10 mmHg
< dari 760 mmHg.
• Normal expiration is
the passive process.
The inspiratory
muscle relax and the
elastic tissue of the
lungs recoils,
returning the
thoracic cage to its
smaller, normal
dimensions. This
increases the
presure in the lungs
and forces air out.
Forced or labored
inspiration and expiration
are active proceses,
dependent on muscle
actions.
Aktif inspirasi dibantu otot-
otot: Scalani, Sterno cledo
mastoideus, pektoralis,
membantu angkat sternum
dan costae ke depan atas.
Tekanan alveoli turun
sampai 100-80 mmHg.
Aktif ekspirasi dibantu otot-
otot : Abdominalis,
Latisimus dorsi Inspirasi. Ekspirasi
Hukum Gas
• Solubility of a gas depends on : (Kelarutan
gas tergantung dari )
• Konsentrasi / tekanan parsial gas
(example: O2 =156 mmHg)
• Temperature
• Tergantung bahan pelarut
(Solubility in a particular solvent):
• Water: solvent for life
• O2 into water: 0.1 m moles/L (poor)
• CO2 into water: 3.0 m mole/L (good)
DAERAH
PERTUKARAN
O2 Dan CO2:
1. Brokus respiratoris
2. Ducctus
3. Succus dan
4. Alveoli
DEFUSI UDARA
DALAM ALVEOLI
Gas
GasTransport
Transportininthe
theBlood:
Blood:Carbon
CarbonDioxide
Dioxide
• Rhythmic contractions of
ventilation
Regulation of Ventilation: Pons Center