BAB II

ARSITEKTUR DAN OPERASI MIKROPROSESOR

Kelompok 2
Nama : muhammad hadi trio
muhamad rizki
ahmad gemari al sebta
Arsitektur mikroprosesor
Arsitektur mikroprosesor berkaitan dengan
rancangan software dan hardware internal
sebuah mikroprosesor.
Ada 3 jenis software arsitektur
mikroprosesor yaitu :

Complex instructions set computer

01 (CISC)

Reduce instructions set computer

02 (RISC)

Mikroprosesor supersaklar
03
Ada 3 jenis hardware arsitektur
mikroprosesor yaitu :

Arsitektur I/O terisolasi

01

Arsitektur I/O terpetakan dalam

02 memori

Arsitektur harvard
03
 1.COMPLEX INSTRUCTIONS
SET COMPUTER

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CISC adalah jenis arsitektur mikroprosesor

yang menggunakan banyak jenis dan ragam
instruksi. CISC menyediakan kemampuan
setiap konstruksi dapat mengeksekusi operasi
low-level, seperti men-load data dari memori,
operasi aritmatika, dan melakukan prosedur
penyimpanan ke memori. Mikroprosesor jenis
ini memiliki kemampuan eksekusi cepat.
Contoh CISC adalah intel 8088, 8085, 8086,
Zilog Z-80 CPU, NS 32016, MC6800
 2.REDUCE INSTRUCTIONS
SET COMPUTER

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RISC merupakan arsitektiur yang menekankan kepada
kesederhanaan instruksi “bekerja sedikit” tetapi tetap
memberikan hasil performasi yang tinggi. Hal ini bisa
terjadi karena proses eksekusi instruksinya sangat cepat.
Arsitektur ini lebih baru dibandingkan dengan arsitektur
CISC. Arsitektur RISC memiliki sedikit instruksi banyak
register. Contoh RISC adalah AMD 2900, MIPS R2000,
SUN SPARC, MC 8800
1. Instruksi bersifat tunggal
2. Ukuran instruksi umumnya 4 byte
3. Jumlah mode pengalamatan (Addresing  mode)
lebih sedikit dibawah lima
4. Tidak ada mode pengalamatan tidak langsung
(inderect addresing mode),
 3.MIKROPROSESOR
SUPERSAKLAR

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Mikroprosesor dengan arsitektur

superskalar adalah mikroprosesor yang
menggunakan instruksi-instruksi biasa
(aritmetika, floating point, store, branch)
tetapi bisa diinisialisasi secara simultan
dan dapat dieksekusi secara
independen. Contoh mikroprosesor
dengan arsitektur superskalar antara
lain: IBM RS 6000, Pentium (CISC
dengan konsep superskalar).
INTERNAL HARDWARE DESIGN

 Internalhardware design berkaitan dengan

masalah-masalah  jenis, jumlah, dan
ukuran register serta komponen lainnya.
Untuk dapat menginstalasikan sebuah
mikroprosesor  dengan komponen lainnya
seperti RWM, ROM, dan I/O
sebagaikomponen utama dan rangkaian
Clock, Reset, Buffer, dan lain-lain
sebagaikomponen pendukung diperlukan
pemahaman sistem bus yang dimiliki oleh
setiap mikroprosesor.
 ARSITEKTUR I/O TERISOLASI

Mikroprosesor dengan arsitektur I/O terisolasi menggunakan disain

pengalamatan atau pemetaan I/O terpisah atau terisolasi dengan
pengalamatan atau pemetaan 201
memori. Pengalamatan 2015
I/O menggunakan 2014
sebagian dari jumlah saluran alamat (address bus) sedangkan pengalamatan
memori menggunakan semua saluran alamat  (address bus).

Keuntungan metoda I/O terisolasi :

1. Komputer dapat mengalihkan informasi/ data ke atau dari CPU tanpa
menggunakan memori.
2. Alamat
2018 atau lokasi memori2019sepenuhnya digunakan2020 untuk operasi memori
bukan untuk operasi I/O.
3. Lokasi memori tidak terkurangi oleh selsel I/O  Instruksi I/O lebih pendek
sehingga dapat dengan mudah dibedakan dari instruksi memori.
 ARSITEKTUR I/O TERPETAKAN DALAM MEMORI

Mikroprosesor dengan arsitektur I/O  terpetakan dalam memori menyatukan sel-

sel I/O dalam pengalamatan bersama dengan sel-sel
memori.  Mikroprosesor dengan arsitektur I/O terpetakan dalam memori.  Sebuah
pintu I/O diperlakukan seperti sebuah lokasi memori.
            Keuntungan sistem ini adalah instruksi yang dipakai untuk pembacaan dan
penulisan memori dapat digunakan untuk memasukkan dan mengeluarkan data
pada I/O
 ARSITEKTUR HARVARD

Arsitektur Harvard adalah arsitektur komputer dengan fisik

terpisah penyimpanan dan sinyal jalur untuk instruksi dan data. Istilah ini
berasal dari Harvard Mark I komputer berbasis relay, yang disimpan
petunjuk pada pita menekan C(24 bit lebar) dan data dalam counter elektro-
Pe onte
mekanis. Mesin-mesin awal rmemiliki
f or nt s
ma
nc
penyimpanan
t e nts ce data seluruhnya
e n n
Co orma
terkandung dalam central processing unit, danPe
rf tidak memberikan akses ke
penyimpanan instruksi sebagai data. Program perlu dimuat oleh operator,
prosesor tidak bisa booting sendiri.
Contents
Performance
DIAGRAM BLOK MIKROPROSESOR
 Cara Kerja Mikroprosesor
Dari Diagram Blok Mikroprosesor diatas terlihat bahwa sebuah Mikroprosesor pada dasarnya
terdiri dari 3 bagian utama yaitu Arithmetic Logical Unit (ALU), Register Array dan Unit
Pengendali yang terhubung dengan bagian INPUT (Keyboard, sensor) dan bagian OUTPUT
(Layar Monitor, printer, motor) serta bagian unit Memori. Mikroprosesor menjalankan sebuah
perintah atau instruksi berdasarkan urutan berikut ini yaitu Fetch (penjemputan atau
pengambilan perintah dan data yang diperlukan), Decode (Pembacaan sandi) dan Execute
(Menjalankan Perintah atau Mengeksekusi Perintah).
Sebuah Instruksi atau perintah pada awalnya disimpan di unit Memori secara berurutan
(sequential order). Mikroprosesor menjemput atau mengambil instruksi-instruksi tersebut dari
memori, kemudian menerjemahkannya dan mengeksekusi Instruksi-instruksi tersebut hingga
mendapatkan instruksi STOP atau berhenti. Hasil esksekusinya kemudian dikirimkan dalam
Biner ke port OUTPUT.  Di antara proses-proses ini, terdapat Register Array yang berfungsi
untuk menyimpan data sementara sedangkan ALU dalam Mikroprosesor digunakan untuk
melakukan fungsi-fungsi komputasi.
.
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