APONEUROTIC PTOSIS
Pembimbing:
dr. Reinne Natali Christine, Sp. M
Disusun oleh:
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Transconjunctival-M%C3%BCller%E2%80%99s-muscle-Tucking-Method-of-Han-Kim
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Transconjunctival-M%C3%BCller%E2%80%99s-muscle-Tucking-Method-of-Han-Kim
M. Levator Palpebra Superior (dari
apex orbit) memiliki 2 ujung :
- Lamella anterior : menghubungkan
dengan Tarsal Plate
- Lamella posterior :
menghubungkan dengan
Konjungtiva Fornix Superior
Laki-laki =
Bukanlah kelainan yang terbatas hanya Perempuan
pada kelompok usia yang lebih tua,
melainkan merupakan proses kumulatif
yang terjadi sepanjang hidup, menjadi
jelas pada tahun-tahun berikutnya.
Usia lanjut ( >50
tahun)
Epidemiologi
70
Jenis Ptosis
60
50
40
30 62.4
20
26.9
10 Aponeuroti
0
10.7 k
Kongenital Didapat
Penelitian Janet tahun 2013 dengan 251 pasien
Penelitian Thapa R meggunakan metode cross-
sectional, kasus ptosis di RS pendidikan di Nepal
tahun 2006
Hal ini mungkin disebabkan oleh fakta bahwa secara keseluruhan populasi Nepal dan
Nigeria lebih muda jika dibandingkan dengan populasi A.S yang lebih tua. Karena ptosis
yang didapat paling sering disebabkan oleh penuaan.
Epidemiologi Korea
tahun
Di antara kasus ptosis
yang didapat,
aponeurotik (52,1%)
adalah yang paling
umum.
Lee YG, Son BJ, Lee KH, Lee SY, Kim CY. Clinical and Demographic Characteristics of Blepharoptosis in Korea: A 24-year Experience including 2,328 Patients. Korean
Journal of Ophthalmology. 2018 Aug 1;32(4):249-56.
Kim MH, Cho J, Zhao D, Woo KI, Kim YD, Kim S, Yang SW. Prevalence and associated factors of blepharoptosis in Korean adult population: The Korea National Health
and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008–2011. Eye. 2017 Jun;31(6):940-6.
DEFINISI
Ptosis / Blepharoptosis
Klinis umum: kehilangan penglihatan tepi yang reversibel dan mempengaruhi bidang visual
superior, yang kemudian juga mempengaruhi penglihatan sentral, serta kesulitan membaca
karena kondisi memburuk ketika mata sedang menatap kebawah
ATENUASI / KELEMAHAN
ETIOLOGI
• Aponeurotik Ptosis Kongenital: jarang terjadi
• diduga disebabkan: kegagalan insersi aponeurosis ke
permukaan anterior lempeng tarsus
• Faktor risiko: trauma persalinan
• ekstraksi forsep, ekstraksi vakum, traumatic fetal
rotation, dan distosia bahu
Faktor Risiko
• Dermatitis atopic (menggosok-gosokan mata)
• Penggunaan lensa kontak kronis
• Inflamasi
• Trauma
• Riwayat operasi mata
PATOFISIOLOGI
• Fungsi normal levator : 14 – 16
mm, diukur dari eyelid excursion
(jarak pergerakan kelopak mata
saat perubahan penglihatan arah
bawah/downgaze menjadi ke
arah atas/upgaze yang ditulis
dalam milimeter)
• Etnis Asia, eyelid crease jauh lebih rendah (misalnya 2 hingga 5 mm)
Usia &
Hipotesis terjadinya degenerasi
jaringan
Aponeurotic Ptosis
Menggosok
atau
Trauma merenggangk
an kelopak
mata
Hilangnya hubungan antara
Peregangan
levator palpebrae superioris jaringan atau
disinsersi dari
aponeurosis
(LPS) dengan tarsal
Penggunaan
Episode
kontak lensa
edema yang
yang jangka
berulang
Terjadi peregangan atau panjang
terjadi pemanjangan
Peradangan
mata yang
aponeurotic fibers kronis
• Defek pada tendon kekuatan transmisi
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-schema-of-the-transconjunctival-levator-surgery-A-Once-Muellers-muscle-is-incised_fig1_49845663
External (Transcutaneous) Levator Advancement
https://www.nature.com/articles/eye2017138
Frontalis Muscle Suspension
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Long-term-functional-and-cosmetic-outcomes-after-Yoon-Lee/e3864c94fb95b8880ed453d36261f0273
16caade
KOMPLIKASI
• Evaluasi pasca operasi : tanda klinis ptosis dan lagoftalmus
yang berlebihan
• Untuk mencapai simetri yang diinginkan merupakan aspek
yang paling sulit dari perbaikan ptosis
• Revisi bedah dipertimbangkan : overcorrection atau
undercorrection
KOMPLIKASI
1. Undercorrection 1. Prolaps konjungtiva
2. Edema kelopak mata 2. Ekstrusi implant
3. Overcorrection 3. Infeksi
4. Kontur kelopak mata yang 4. Keratopati (yang dapat
tidak memuaskan menyebabkan exposure
5. Sikatriks keratitis)
6. Lipatan kelopak mata
asimetri
Daftar Pustaka
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30.
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2,328 Patients. Korean Journal of Ophthalmology. 2018 Aug 1;32(4):249-56.
8. Kim MH, Cho J, Zhao D, Woo KI, Kim YD, Kim S, Yang SW. Prevalence and associated factors of blepharoptosis in Korean adult population:
The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008–2011. Eye. 2017 Jun;31(6):940-6.
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Daftar Pustaka
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TERIMA
KASIH