Malnutrition in Hospital
• In 1859, Florence Nightingale : starving amongst
plenty of food in hospitalized soldiers
• In 1970 malnutrition in hospital patients 35%,
with 30-55% of patients entering acute
hospitals being at risk of malnutrition
• Malnutrition is a highly prevalent (+40%)
condition in the acute hospital setting
(Australian and international studies)
Malnutrisi di Indonesia
• Di Jakarta : 20-60% pasien RI di RSU dlm kondisi
malnutrisi saat masuk dan 69% cenderung
menurun status gizinya selama RI di RS
• RSCM, 2009 : 45,9% pasien di bagian bedah
digestif menderita malnutrisi
• RSHS : 71,8% pasien IPD malnutrisi dan 28,9%
malnutrisi berat
• RSHS, 2014: 28,4% anak mengalami malnutrisi
Intake ,
kebutuhan ,
kerjasama nakes <
MALNUTRISI
Komplikasi,
mortalitas, biaya
rawat, lama rawat
What? (Definisi)
• The American Dietetic Association’s (ADA)
Skrining adalah tindakan preventif menggunakan prosedur pemeriksaan
yang terstandar yang digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi pasien yang
membutuhkan intervensi khusus
Klinik
(RJ)
Nut. Screening
At risk / not?
When??
spe
Semakin baik alat
semakin tinggi sensitifitas dan spesifisitasnya
Recommended screening tools
Organisasi Alat Skrining
American Society for Parenteral dan - PG-SGA
Nutrisi Enteral (ASPEN) tahun 2008 - SGA
- NRI
European Society for Clinical Nutrition - MUST
and Metabolism (ESPEN) tahun 2003 - NRS-2002
- MNA-SF
Oncology Nursing Society (ONS) tahun - PG-SGA
2005 - MNA
- MST
The Dietitians Association of Australia
tahun 2006 - MST
NRS-2002
Populasi Pasien dewasa dengan penyakit akut
C. Mobilitas
D. Menderita penyakit psikologis atau penyakit akut dalam 3 bulan terakhir
E. Masalah neuropsikologis
Simple Pediatric Nutritional Risk Score Pasien anak usia > 1 bulan
(SPNRS)
Subjective Global Assessment for Children Pasien >1 bln – 18 tahun
(SGNA)
Screening Tool for Risk On Nutritional Pasien anak usia 1 bulan – 16 tahun
status and Growth (STRONGkids)
CONCLUSION
Score 0 – 2 = tidak berisiko malnutrisi / no risk malnutrition
Score ≥ 3 = berisiko malnutrisi / at risk malnutrition
No Questions Answers Conformity with the 4 components of
nutrition screening (Rasmussen et al.,
2010)
4. Apakah anda mengalami penurunan asupan makan selama 1 Ya/Yes = 1 Deteriorating condition was illustrated
minggu terakhir? Tidak/No = 0 with questions related to decreased
Have you decreased your food intake during the first weeks? food intakes
5. Apakah anda menderita suatu penyakit yang mengakibatkan adanya Ya/Yes = 1 The worsening of nutritional status
perubahan jumlah atau jenis makanan yang anda makan? Tidak/No = 0 influenced by the disease is described by
Do you suffer from a disease that results in a change in the amount the influence of a disease that leads to
or type of food you eat? increasing energy/nutrients demand
and decreasing appetite
6. Apakah anda merasakan lemah, loyo, dan tidak bertenaga? Ya/Yes = 1
Do you feel weak, sluggish, and lethargic? Tidak/No = 0
Total Score
CONCLUSION
Score 0 – 2 = tidak berisiko malnutrisi / no risk malnutrition
Score ≥ 3 = berisiko malnutrisi / at risk malnutrition
Validity, reliability of snst
• Sensitivity : 91,3%
• Specificity : 79,8%
• Negative Predictive Value : 91,3%
• Positive Predictive Value : 78%
• Area Under the Curve (AUC) : 93%
SGA as a gold standart
Susetyowati et al., (2014). Development, Validation, and Reliability of the Simple Nutrition Screening Tool (SNST) for Adult Hospital Patient in Indonesia.
Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 13 (3): 157-163
SNST in elderly
• Sensitivity : 88,3%
• Specificity : 95,2%
• Negative Predictive Value : 77,1%
• Positive Predictive Value : 98,4%
• Area Under the Curve (AUC) : 91,8%
MNA-SF as a gold standart
Mayasari et al., (2014). Development, Simple Nutrition Screening Tool (SNST) has Good Validity to Identify Risk of Malnutrition on Hospitalized Elderly Patients.
Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 13 (10): 573-578
SNST and the others
Susetyowati et al., (2018). Comparison of Nutrition Screening and Assessment Parameters in Predicting Length of Hospital Stay. J Nutri Med Diet Care, 4:030
Subjective Global Assessment Mini Nutritional Assessment
(SGA) (MNA)
Assessment