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P E L AT I H A N B A S I C L I F E

SUPPORT
&
P E RTO L O N G A N P E RTA M A S A AT
TERJADI CHOKING, LUKA,
SPRAIN DAN STRAIN
SAMBUTAN

Kepala Puskesmas POASIA


dr. Andi Nurmawanti, M.Kes
Pretest
Dulu Yuk !
Nomor 1

Tuliskan hal yang pertama


kali dilakukan saat
mendapati seseorang tidak
sadarkan diri !
Nomor 2

Apa yang dilakukan saat


Primary Survey ?
Nomor 3

Kapan penolong harus


melakukan Resusitasi
Jantung Paru ?
Nomor 4

Bagaimana posisi saat


melakukan Resusitasi
Jantung Paru (RJP) ?
Nomor 5

Sebutkan 2 Syarat RJP yang


berkualitas ?
Nomor 6

Sebutkan satu teknik


penanganan tersedak pada

A. Dewasa Sadar
B. Bayi
Nomor 7

Apa poin penting


pertolongan tersedak
dengan
Heimlich Manuever !
Nomor 8

Bagaimana melakukan
Posisi recovery pada korban
setelah pertolongan
berhasil dilakukan ?
Nomor 9

Sebutkan poin penting saat


menangani

A. Luka lecet
B. Luka tusuk
Nomor 10

Sebutkan kepanjangan dari


RICE !
Kumpul Kertas
Jawaban
PENGENALAN
BANTUAN
HIDUP DASAR
APA ITU BANTUAN HIDUP DASAR??

“Serangkaian upaya sederhana yang dilakukan sebagai


usaha untuk mengatasi keadaan yang mengacam
nyawa seseorang sehingga dapat mempertahankan
hidupnya untuk sementara”
MENGAPA BHD PENTING ?

Henti Jantung = Reversible

Brain Death/
Kematian Biologis
SEMUA ORANG HARUS DAPAT

MELAKUKAN BANTUAN HIDUP DASAR !!!


Scene Survey
“JANGAN PANIK!”
MINTA BANTUAN ORANG
DI SEKITAR

1. Keamanan diri
2. Keamanan lingkungan Apakah
memadai untuk memberikan
pertolongan
3. Keamanan penderita Jangan
membuat cedera lanjut
Alert
MEMASTIKAN
Verbal
KESADARAN
Pain PENDERITA
Unresponsive
Primary Survey
C Circulation (Aliran Darah)

A Airway (Jalan Nafas)

B Breathing (Pernapasan)
Jangan Menggerakkan Kepala/Leher
Jika Terdapat Tanda Cedera
Kepala/Leher
Circulation
Memastikan ada tidaknya nadi di arteri karotis
● Periksa Perdarahan
● Raba suhu akral/ujung jari dan telapak
● Lihat warna akral
AWAS SHOCK!
Tanda-Tanda Syok
Akral (ujung jari) Dingin

Akral Biru atau Pucat

Denyut Jantung/Nadi Melemah


– Tidak Teraba
Shock position Tinggikan Kaki
Jaga Suhu Badan
Airway : Mengamankan Jalan Napas

● Penderita Sadar
Head Tilt - Chin Lift
Berbicara dengan suara jelas

 Jalan Nafas Aman

● Penderita Tidak Sadar

Look, Listen and Feel

Lihat pengembangan dada

Dengarkan adakah suara napas tambahan

Rasakan adakah hembusan napas


Suara Napas Tambahan

SUMBATAN TOTAL SUMBATAN PARSIAL

● STRIDOR ● GURGLING
Sumbatan oleh benda padat Sumbatan oleh cairan (berkumur)

● SNOORING
Sumbatan oleh pangkal lidah
(mendengkur)
Pengelolaan jalan nafas
sumbatan parsial
Jaw Thrust Head Tilt - Chin Lift
Pengelolaan jalan nafas sumbatan
total

● Back blow/Back Slaps


● Abdominal Thrust
● Chest Thrust

Back slap/back blow


Chest Thrust

Abdominal Thrust
Breathing: Memberikan Bantuan Napas
● Airway/jalan napas harus bersih
● Frekuensi : 10-12 x/menit
● Efektif Dada mengembang
saat memberikan bantuan napas

Mouth to mouth Mouth to mask Self inflating bag


Load and Go : transport penderita
Jika Usaha Bantuan Napas Tidak Berhasil
Atau
Tidak Terdapat Denyut Nadi

Siap-siap Melakukan Resusitasi Jantung Paru (RJP)


Indikasi Dilakakukan RJP

● Tidak ada tanda sirkulasi  denyut nadi tidak teraba (henti jantung) atau
tidak ada tanda pernapasan (henti napas)

Kematian klinis mungkin masih dapat diubah menjadi hidup kembali


bila dilakukan RJP
“AS SOON AS POSSIBLE”
Posisi RJP

• Paha terluar setinggi Bahu


• Tangan lurus, tidak tertekuk.
• Tekanan menggunakan berat
badan.
RJP Untuk Orang Dewasa

● Kombinasi pemijatan ● Dalamnya kompresi: 5 cm


jantung dan napas buatan ● Laju penekanan dada : 100–120
● Penderita & penolong x/menit
harus dalam posisi yg tepat ● Lokasi mencari nadi : Arteri
karotis
● RJP sendiri : 30 penekanan, 2
napas buatan
● RJP berdua : 30 penekanan, 2
napas buatan
Indikasi RJP Dihentikan
1. Penderita telah bernapas spontan
2. Pertolongan telah > 30 menit
3. Telah datang penolong yang lebih ahli
4. Penolong kelelahan
Posisi recovery
Choking
Tersedak
Choking (Tersedak)
Choking ?
Atau tersedak adalah suatu keadaan masuknya benda asing (makanan,
mainan, dan lan-lain) ke dalam jalan napas atas sehingga menimbulkan
subatan jalan napas dan gawat napas.

• 2 jenis tersedak : 1) tersedak sebagian (partial/mild), 2) tersedak total


(blockage/severe)
Tanda Tersedak
TOTAL vs PARTIAL
Buruknya pertukaran
udara

Batuk tapi lemah atau tidak


dapat batuk sama sekali

Memegang leher
Masih ada pertukaran
(tanda universaldari udara
tersedak)

Tidak dapat memasukkan


udara/menarik napas dengan Korban masih sadar, ditandai
baik. dengan dapat batuk sekeras-
kerasnya dan masih bisa
Napas bertambah bicara
cepat

Tidak dapat berbicara


Penanganan tersedak

Penanganan tersedak

Abdominal trust/
hemlich manuver
Korban sadar

Back blow

korban : hamil, orang


dewasa yang terlalu
gemuk, atau tidak sadar Chest Thrust
maka lakukan
1 Nilai keparahan

2 Jika korban masih bisa batuk. anjurkan korban untuk batuk terus
menerus sekeras-kerasnya.
Yang TIDAK BOLEH dilakukan:
a. Memberi minum pada korban (jalan napas hanya boleh dilalui
oleh udara)
b. Memasukkan jari ke dalam mulut sebagai usaha untuk
mengeluarkan benda asing
3 Bila benda asing yang menyumbat belum bisa keluar, maka lakukan
Abdominal Trust atau Heimlich Manuever
4 Berdiri atau berlutut di belakang korban.
(posisikan tubuh penolong sesuai dengan tinggi tubuh
korban, pada pasien anak kemungkinan penolong
harus berlutut)
5 Korban berdiri sedikit condong ke depan,
penolong berdiri
dibelakang korban, kaki kanan penolong
masuk kedepan diantara
kedua kaki korban

6 Kepalkan salah satu telapak tangan, dan


letakkan kepalan tangan
dengan arah ibu jari menempel ke dinding
perut korban, posisikan
kepalan tangan 2 jari di atas pusat (pusat
selalu sejajar dengan
tulang pinggul atas), tidak memposisikan
kepalan tangan di ulu
hati korban.
7 Kencangkan kepalan tangan dengan tangan satunya sehingga
kedua lengan penolong melingkar di perut korban.
8 Lakukan penekanan ke arah belakang dan atas sebanyak 5 kali
9 Setelah melakukan Abdominal Trust atau Heimlich
Manuever,
maka dilanjutkan dengan Back Blow.

10 Perintahkan klien membungkuk ke depan, penolong berdiri


di
belakang samping kiri klien

11 Tangan kiri penolong menahan dada klien, tangan kanan


penolong
posisi memukul dengan dorongan ke arah punggung klien.
Beri
pukulan dorongan dengan tumit tangan kanan tepat di
punggung
diantara kedua scapula klien secara cepat. Lakukan
pukulan sampai
5 kali.
12 Ulangi kedua manuever diatas sampai dengan benda asing keluar
/bantuan datang

13 Jika benda yang menyumbat sudah keluar dan korban masih sadar
serta napasnya baik, maka cukup istirahatkan korban, bila korban
sadar dan tampak sesak, berikan oksigen 2L/menit (bila tersedia)
sampai nafas korban membaik.

14 Bila korban tidak sadar, maka cek pernafasannya. Bila nafasnya


baik (12 – 20 kali/menit), maka posisikan korban dengan
Recovery Pasition. Bila nafas korban tidak adekuat /baik (<12
kali/menit)
maka lakukan Rescue Breathing (pertolongan pernafasan) dengan
10 – 12 kali/menit.
Chest Thrust pada kondisi hamil, orang dewasa yang terlalu gemuk, atau tidak sadar

1 Jika korban korban dalam kondisi hamil, orang dewasa yang terlalu gemuk, atau tidak
sadar maka lakukan Chest Thrust.
Jika korban tersedak adalah wanita hamil atau orang dewasa yang terlalu gemuk
(obesitas) dan masih sadar, kita bisa melakukan pilihan lain dengan melakukan “chest
thrust” yaitu dengan meletakkan kepalan tangan penolong di tengah-tengah tulang dada

2 Jika korban tersedak jatuh tidak sadar dan benda yang menyumbat belum keluar, maka
mintalah tolong orang lain untuk memanggil bantuan medis segera.
3 Korban diposisikan telentang ditempat yang keras segera lakukan Bantuan hidup dasar
Pada bayi
biasanya kombinasi back blow dan chest thrust

Back blow Telungkupkan dan topang dengan salah satu


tangan, lalu tangan lainnya memberikan 5x
dorongan/tepukan pada punggung (diantara
tulang belikat) dengan menggunakan tumit
tangan.

Chest thrust Telentangkn bayi dan topang dengan salah


satu lengan, tempatkan 2 ujung jari diatas
tulang dada bayi, lalu tekan 5x dengan cepat

Lakukan 5x chest thrust dan 5x back blows bergantian


sampai ambulans datang atau benda yang menyumbat
keluar.
LUKA
Penanganan Umum Luka
● Jauhkan korban dari sumber bahaya
● Kontrol ABC
● Perdarahan  bebat tekan
● Bersihkan semua kotoran
● Tutup secara steril
● Rujuk jika perlu
Luka Lecet

Penanganan :
• Kontrol ABC
• Bersihkan daerah sekitarnya
• Beri antiseptik secukupnya
• Pasang perban jika sepertinya
dapat mengering.
Luka Robek

Penanganan :
• Kontrol ABC
• Pendarahan dihentikan
dengan ditekan.
• Bersihkan luka (pecahan-
pecahan benda penyebab
luka) dan beri antiseptik
• Balut tekan kembali jika perlu.
Luka Tusuk

Penanganan :
• Kontrol ABC
• Apabila masih terdapat benda tajam pada
luka tersebut sebaiknya jangan dicabut!!
• Lakukan penekanan disekitar benda
tersebut bila terdapat pendarahan
sekaligus untuk mempertahankan posisi
benda tajam yang masih tertancap.
• Rujuk ke PKM/RS terdekat
Strain and sprain
STRAIN DAN SPRAIN
● Strain  Teregangnya otot dan tendon
Sprain  Teregangnya ligamen
● Prinsip penanganan:
●Rest
●Ice
●Compression
●Elevation
01
Our center
You can describe the topic of the
section here
Mision Vision
Mercury is the closest planet to Venus has a beautiful name and
the Sun and the smallest one in is the second planet from the
the Solar System Sun. It’s terribly hot
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“This is a quote. Words full of wisdom that
someone important said and can make the
reader get inspired.”

—Someone Famous
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Key numbers

20,000
This is the number of total
50,000
This is the number of patients
visitors we had last month we had last month

5,000
This is the number of
recoveries made so far
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Our statistics
Mars
30% Despite being red,
Mars is a cold place

Saturn
60% Saturn is composed
mostly of hydrogen

Venus 2005 2010 2015 2020


10% Venus has a
beautiful name
If you want to modify this graph, click on it, follow the
link, change the data and replace it
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Brief story
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and the
smallest one in the Solar System
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745,145
Big numbers catch your audience’s attention
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Milestones reached
Mars Saturn
Despite being red, Mars It’s composed mostly of
is a cold place, not hot hydrogen and helium

2007 2010 2014 2018

Mercury Venus
Mercury is the closest It has a beautiful name,
planet to the Sun but it’s terribly hot
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Our process

For the staff For the center


● You can write your idea here ● You can write your idea here

● You can write your idea here ● You can write your idea here

● You can write your idea here ● You can write your idea here

● You can write your idea here ● You can write your idea here

● You can write your idea here ● You can write your idea here
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Patient care
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and the
smallest one in the Solar System
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Our process

01 Venus Mars 03
Venus has a Mars is a cold
beautiful name place, not hot

02 Saturn Jupiter 04
Saturn is a gas Jupiter is the
giant with rings biggest planet
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Services

Mercury Venus Mars


Mercury is the Venus has a Despite being red,
smallest planet beautiful name Mars is a cold place

Jupiter Saturn Neptune


Jupiter is the biggest Saturn is a gas giant Neptune is far away
planet of them all with rings from Earth
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Areas we cover

30% Mercury Mars 20%


Mercury is the Despite being red,
smallest planet Mars is cold

10% Jupiter Neptune 40%


Jupiter is the Neptune is far
biggest planet away from Earth
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A picture is worth a
thousand words
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Key accomplishments

Mercury Venus
Mercury is the Venus has a
smallest planet beautiful name

Jupiter Saturn
It’s the biggest Saturn is a gas giant
planet of them all with rings
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Desktop mockup
You can replace the image on
the screen with your own work
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Patient satisfaction

Gender Results

75% Venus
Venus is the second planet
from the Sun
01
25% Mars
Age Despite being red, Mars is a 02
cold place, not hot

20-35 25% Mercury


36-60 90%
Mercury is the closest planet to
the Sun and the smallest one
03
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Testimonial

Jenna Doe, 25 John James, 36


“Mercury the closest “Venus has a beautiful
planet to the Sun and it’s name, but it’s hot, even
only a bit larger than the hotter than Mercury”
Moon”

Fred Blogs, 31 Helena Smith, 58


“Despite being red, Mars is “Saturn is a gas giant,
a cold place, not hot. It’s composed mostly of
full of iron oxide dust” hydrogen and helium”
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Quality improvement
measures
Venus Saturn Jupiter Mars

Measure 1

Measure 2

Measure 3

Measure 4
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Awesome
words
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Innovations

Mercury Venus Mars


Mercury is the closest Venus has a beautiful Despite being red, Mars
planet to the Sun name, but it’s very hot is a cold place
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Location center

Mars
Despite being red,
Mars is a cold
place, not hot

Venus
Venus has a
beautiful name,
but it’s terribly hot
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Awards
Mars
2011-2012 Mars is a cold place,
not hot

Saturn
2015-2016 Saturn is composed
mostly of hydrogen

Venus
2018-2019 Venus has a
beautiful name
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Our team

Jenna Doe John James


You can talk a bit about You can talk a bit about this
this person here person here
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Thanks
Do you have any questions?
your email@freepik.com
+91 620 421 838
yourcompany.com

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