SIGNALLING RIGGING AND

LIFTING SAFETY TRAINING

Safety Briefing

Please use nearest exit to the assembly

area
EMERGENCY
Please do not run
In case of

Please do not use the elevator

Use the nearest staircase

2
 Trainer Profile

NAME : Razak Bin Majid

POSITION : Trainer
EDUCATION : Executive Master SHE from UNISEL
H/P : 019-4944324

Competency:
SHO Registered Person (8408)
Train The Trainer (NIOSH & HRDF)
ISO 45001-2018 Lead Auditor
Authorize Gas Tester (DOSH)
Scaffolder (DOSH)
Traffic Management Supervisor
Lifting Supervisor
Trained Ergonomic 3
 Perkara Penting
 Facilities
Tandas/Bilik Air

Surau

Tempat Makan/Cafeteria

Kawasan Merokok/Smoking Area

 Reminder
Silence hand-phone during training session
 Objektif
•Di akhir sesi, peserta mampu untuk:

• To prepare with the knowledge to company personnel to

able to handle rigging and lifting activities with effectively
during working.

Upon completion of the training, participants will able to:-

i. Explain the legal requirements related to lifting operation.
ii. Practice as rigger and signaler.
iii.Explain the load securing and transportation safety.
 LEGAL
REQUIREMENTS
 Perundangan

• Akta Keselamatan Dan Kesihatan Pekerjaan 1994

• Akta Kilang Dan Jentera 1967
• Akta 520 (CIDB)
• Lifting Operation and Lifting Equipment Regulation 1998
(LOLER)
• Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998
(PUWER)
 • Basic Responsibility Of Rigger

1. Mengetahui berat dan bentuk objek yang hendak di angkat

2. Mengetahui pusat gravity beban
3. Membuat ikatan yang sesuai pada sesuatu beban mengikut
pusat gravity beban
4. Mengetahui kekuatan sling, alat mengangkat dan tanda
beban kerja selamat (SWL/WLL)
5. Memeriksa sling sebelum menggunakannya
6. Melindungi sling dari kerosakkan oleh pemukaan yang tajam
dan gunakan pelapik/pengalas dibahagian sling
7. Mengenalpasti tahap ketegangan sling atau sudut sling
yang digunakan
8. Sentiasa menggunakan tali layang(tag line) untuk mengawal
beban yang panjang dan berat – 12mm – 16 mm.
 • Basic Responsibility Of Rigger

9. Sesuai digunakan apabila bekerja

• Kawasan berarus elektrik
• Kawasan Sempit
• Kawasan terlindung
• Kawasan Kritikal
10. Mengangkat muatan dengan jarak yang selamat
11. Memeriksa kedudukan sling dan ikatan sling yang betul
12. Jangan gantung beban terlalu lama
13. Sebelun angkat atau turun, pastikan tiada tersangkaut
pada sebarang objek atau halangan.
14. Pastikan keadaan selamat dan tiada pekerja berada
dibawah bebanan
15. Beban bulat seperti paip perlu diletak stopper.
Rigging Fundamentals

DEFINITION OF TERMS
Determining Load Weight
SLING CAPACITY
 Sling Capacity
• Load bearing material
– Alloy chain
– Wire rope
– Synthetic
– Metal mesh
• Upper and Lower End
Attachments

What are the OPERATING LIMITATIONS of the crane and rigging?

ALLOY CHAIN SLINGS
 Alloy Chain Slings
Advantages
• Flexible - Fleksibel
• Impact resistant – Tahan hempapan
• Easy to inspect- Mudah di periksa
• Can be used at relatively high temperatures - Boleh digunakan
pada suhu yang agak tinggi
• Completely repairable - Boleh dibaiki
• Minimum elongation - Pemanjangan minimum
• Corrosion resistant - Tahan karat
• Durable - Tahan lama
Disadvantages
• Heavy
• Moderate initial cost
 NACM WELDED STEEL CHAIN
SPECIFICATIONS
• Grade 30 Proof Coil Chain
– General purpose, carbon steel chain. Used in a wide
range of applications.
• Grade 43 High Test Chain
– A carbon steel chain widely used in industry,
construction, agricultural and lumbering operations.
• Grade 70 Transport Chain
– A high quality, high strength carbon steel chain used
for load securing.
– Not to be used in overhead lifting.
 NACM WELDED STEEL CHAIN
SPECIFICATIONS
• Grade 80 Alloy Chain
– Premium quality, high strength alloy chain, heat treated,
used in a variety of sling and tie down applications.
• Grade 100 Alloy Chain
– Premium quality, highest strength alloy chain, heat treated,
used in a variety of sling and tie down applications.
– For overhead lifting applications, only Alloy Chain
should be used.

• National Association of Chain Manufacturers.

WIRE ROPE SLINGS
 Wire Rope Slings
Advantages Disadvantages
• Low initial cost • Low strength to weight ratio
• Lighter weight than alloy • Difficult to inspect
chain • Easily kinked
• Internal corrosion
• Not repairable
 Wire Rope Slings
Mechanical Splice Slings – Single Part Body – IPS – 6 x 19 IWRC
RATED CAPACITY (lbs.)
Basket Hitch – Sling Angle
Size (in.) Vertical Choker 90° 60° 45°
1/4 1,120 820 2,200 1,940 1,580
3/8 2,400 1,840 4,800 4,200 3,400
1/2 4,400 3,200 8,800 7,600 6,200
5/8 6,800 5,000 13,600 11,800 9,600
3/4 9,800 7,200 19,600 17,000 13,800
7/8 13,200 9,600 26,000 22,000 18,600
1 17,000 12,600 34,000 30,000 24,000
1–1/8 20,000 15,800 40,000 34,000 28,000
D/d ratio is 20 or greater
Wire Rope Slings
HOISTSAFE

SYNTHETIC SLINGS
 Synthetic Slings
Advantages Disadvantages
• Light weight • Low heat resistance
• Easy to rig – 194° F.
• Low initial cost • Subject to cuts and abrasion
• Reduced load damage • Subject to chemicals and UV
• Cannot be repaired
 Synthetic Clings
Flat / Tubular Slings Round Slings
 Polyester Round Slings
Rated Capacity (Lbs.)
Width (In.) Color Vertical Choker Basket
Purple 3,000 2,400 6,000
Black 4,500 3,600 9,000
2
Green 6,000 4,800 12,000
Yellow 9,000 7,200 18,000
Gray 12,000 9,600 24,000
Red 14,000 11,200 28,000
3
Brown 17,000 13,600 34,000
Blue 22,000 17,600 44,000
26,000 20,800 52,000
4
32,000 25,600 64,000
Orange
50,000 40,000 100,000
5
60,000 48,000 120,000
 Number of Attachment Points
• Double leg slings share
the load equally*
• Triple leg slings have
50% more capacity than
double leg slings.
• Quad leg slings rely on
the fourth leg for
stability only, not
additional lift capacity.
 Operating Limitations
• Crane Capacity Charts • Slings and Hardware
– Mobile Crane – Vertical capacity
• Boom angle – Basket capacity
• Boom extension
– Choker capacity
– Overhead Crane – Bridle capacity
– Static versus Dynamic
loads
HOISTSAFE

SLING INSPECTION
• Reasons
Sebab
– Ensure safe equipment Pastikan peralatan selamat
– Gain knowledge and Dapatkan pengetahuan dan
experience: pengalaman
• Nature of lifts being made Sifat lif yang dibuat
• Sling usage Penggunaan sling
• Operator competence Kecekapan operator
• Inspections
Pemeriksaan
– Daily / Periodic before use Harian / Berkala sebelum
(NO records) digunakan (TIADA rekod)
– Minimum annual with Minimum tahunan dengan
records rekod
• Frequently, as warranted Selalunya, seperti yang
• Record Keeping dibenarkan
– Most recent report
Penyimpanan rekod
– Test certificates Laporan terkini
Sijil ujian
 Daily / Period Inspection
• A thorough periodic • Wear
inspection of slings shall be • Deformation
performed by a competent
• Elongation
person designated by the
employer and shall include • Sharp traverse nicks and
a thorough inspection for: gouges in chain
• Cuts
• Pemeriksaan berkala • Corrosion
menyeluruh terhadap anduh
hendaklah dilakukan oleh • Heat damage
orang kompeten yang • Hardware
ditetapkan oleh majikan dan – Latches for proper seating,
hendaklah termasuk operation and distortion
pemeriksaan menyeluruh
– Hooks for wear and distortion
untuk:
Sling Angle
Sling Angle Factor

SLING ANGLE CHART

Angle
from S.A.F.
Horizontal [L ÷ H]
[A]

90° 1.000
A 60° 1.155
45° 1.415
30° 2.000
Sling Angle Factor
 Grade 80 Alloy Chain Slings
Single
Chain
Trade Chain
Size Size Working Load Limit (lbs)
9/32” .279 3,500

3/8” .404 7,100

½” .529 12,000

5/8” .625 18,100

¾” .801 28,300

7/8” .881 34,200

1” 1.000 47,700

1-1/4” 1.250 72,300

 Grade 80 Alloy Chain Slings
Double 90° 60° 45° 30°
Chain
Trade Chain
Size Size Working Load Limit (lbs)
9/32” .279 7,000 6,100 4,900 3,500

3/8” .404 14,200 12,300 10,000 7,100

½” .529 24,000 20,800 17,000 12,000

5/8” .625 36,200 31,300 25,600 18,100

¾” .801 56,600 49,000 40,000 28,300

7/8” .881 68,400 59,200 48,400 34,200

1” 1.000 95,400 82,600 67,400 47,700

1-1/4” 1.250 144,600 125,200 102,200 72,300

 Grade 80 Alloy Chain Slings
T&Q 90° 60° 45° 30°
Chain
Trade Chain
Size Size Working Load Limit (lbs)
9/32” .279 10,500 9,100 7,400 5,200

3/8” .404 21,300 18,400 15,100 10,600

½” .529 36,000 31,200 25,500 18,000

5/8” .625 54,300 47,000 38,400 27,100

¾” .801 84,900 73,500 60,000 42,200

7/8” .881 102,600 88,900 72,500 51,300

1” 1.000 143,100 123,900 101,200 71,500

1-1/4” 1.250 216,900 187,800 153,400 108,400

 Wire Rope Slings
Mechanical Splice Slings – Single Part Body – IPS – 6 x 19 IWRC
RATED CAPACITY (lbs.)
Basket Hitch – Sling Angle
Size (in.) Vertical Choker 90° 60° 45°
1/4 1,120 820 2,200 1,940 1,580
3/8 2,400 1,840 4,800 4,200 3,400
1/2 4,400 3,200 8,800 7,600 6,200
5/8 6,800 5,000 13,600 11,800 9,600
3/4 9,800 7,200 19,600 17,000 13,800
7/8 13,200 9,600 26,000 22,000 18,600
1 17,000 12,600 34,000 30,000 24,000
1–1/8 20,000 15,800 40,000 34,000 28,000
D/d ratio is 20 or greater
 Vertical Basket Hitch
• Two times the single leg
capacity
• Legs must be vertical to within
5 degrees
• D/d must be greater than 20/1 d

• Dua kali ganda kapasiti kaki tunggal

• Kaki mesti menegak hingga dalam 5
darjah D
• D/d mestilah lebih besar daripada
20/1
 Double Wrap Basket Hitch
• Excellent load control for loose materials
and good grip on smooth surfaces.
• Twice the single leg capacity.
• Sling wrap must be lay side by side
• Do not overlap at bottom of load
• Adjust sling as slack is taken up

• Kawalan beban yang sangat baik untuk bahan longgar

dan cengkaman yang baik pada permukaan licin.
• Dua kali ganda kapasiti kaki tunggal.
• Balut anduh mesti diletakkan sebelah
menyebelahJangan berbeban
• Laraskan anduh apabila kendur diambil tindih di
bahagian bawah
 Choker Hitch
• 75-80% OF SINGLE LEG
CAPACITY
• ANGLE OF CHOKE MUST BE
GREATER THAN 120
DEGREES

• 75-80% DARI KAPASITI SATU

KAKI
• SUDUT TERCIK MESTI LEBIH
DARI 120 DARJAH
 Double Wrap Choker Hitches
• EXCELLENT LOAD CONTROL FOR LOOSE
MATERIALS AND GRIP ON SMOOTH SURFACES
• 75-80% OF SINGLE LEG CAPACITY
• ANGLE OF CHOKE MUST BE GREATER THAN
120 DEGREES
• SLING WRAP MUST LAY SIDE BY SIDE
• DO NOT OVERLAP AT BOTTOM OF LOAD

• KAWALAN BEBAN YANG TERBAIK UNTUK BAHAN LONGGAR

DAN CENGKAMAN PADA PERMUKAAN LICIN
• 75-80% DARI KAPASITI SATU KAKI
• SUDUT TERCIK MESTI LEBIH DARI 120 DARJAH
• SLING WRAP MESTI BERSAMPING
• JANGAN BERTINDIH DI BAWAH BEBAN
 Sling Angles – Edge Protection
• When edges are sharp or abrasive
– Sling damage may occur
• When sling angle become shallow.
– Lateral loading may crush object
being lifted.

Apabila tepi tajam atau kasar

Kerosakan anduh mungkin berlaku
Apabila sudut anduh menjadi cetek.
Pemuatan sisi boleh menghancurkan
objek yang diangkat.
 Sling Angles
• Sling tension Ketegangan
– Loads tend to hang vertically
– Forcing load points away from vertical requires force
– Reaction to the force increases sling tension
• Crush Force
– The result of forcing load points away from vertical
• Cribbing
– Protects the sling from being damaged
– Protects the load from being crushed

Beban cenderung digantung secara menegak

Memaksa titik beban dari menegak memerlukan daya
Tindak balas terhadap daya meningkatkan ketegangan sling

Kekuatan Hancur
Hasil memaksa titik beban menjauhi menegak

Membelek
Melindungi sling daripada rosak
Melindungi beban daripada dihancurkan
SAFE HOIST AND CRANE
OPERATIONS
 Safe Hoist and Crane Operations
• General
– If power is interrupted during operation of a crane or
hoist, place all controls in the “OFF” position.
– If more than one hoist or crane must be used to lift or
move a load, ONE person should be assigned
responsibility for the operation.
Jika kuasa terganggu semasa pengendalian kren atau angkat,
letakkan semua kawalan dalam kedudukan “OFF”.
Jika lebih daripada satu angkat atau kren mesti digunakan untuk
mengangkat atau mengalihkan beban, SATU orang harus diberi
tanggungjawab untuk operasi tersebut.
 Safe Hoist and Crane Operations
• Special Heavy Lifts
– Lifts in excess of the rated capacity
– Each heavy lift must be analyzed and authorized by a
qualified person
– ONLY applies to the specific lift
– Required PTW
– JSA
Does NOT authorize any heavy lifts in everyday operations

Mengangkat melebihi kapasiti undian

Setiap lif berat mesti dianalisis dan diberi kuasa oleh orang yang berkelayakan
HANYA digunakan untuk lif tertentu
PTW yang diperlukan
JSA
 Safe Hoist and Crane Operations
• Pulling a Load - Menarik Beban
– Use of hoists and cranes for pulling a load is NOT recommended.
– If necessary use a pulley (snatch) block to re-direct force to the
load.
– Avoid ‘side pull’ on the hoist.
– Use second hoist anchored to a structural member to achieve load
pulls
– Consult supervisor before any load pulling operations
– Penggunaan angkat dan kren untuk menarik beban adalah TIDAK
disyorkan.
– Jika perlu gunakan blok takal (snatch) untuk mengalihkan semula daya ke
beban.
– Elakkan ‘tarik sisi’ pada hoist.
– Gunakan angkat kedua yang dilabuhkan pada anggota struktur untuk
mencapai tarikan beban
– Rujuk penyelia sebelum sebarang operasi menarik beban
 Safe Hoist and Crane Operations
• Turning a Load • Memusingkan Beban
– Visualize the load and its • Visualisasikan beban dan
center of gravity pusat gravitinya
• Visualisasikan kedudukan
– Visualize sling positions
anduh semasa membelok
while turning • Tentukan sama ada blok atau
– Determine if blocks or sokongan diperlukan
supports will be required • Tentukan bagaimana beban
– Determine how load will akan dikawal
• Tagline
be controlled • Pusingan dua cangkuk
• Tagline
• Two-hook turn
 Safe Hoist and Crane Operations
• Smooth, steady application of lifting force
– Allows hoist and rigging to adjust to change
– Minimizes spin
– Reduces wear on wire and synthetic rope
• NO shock loading
– Especially with wire rope slings

Penggunaan daya angkat yang licin dan mantap

Membenarkan pengangkat dan pemasangan menyesuaikan diri untuk
berubah
Meminimumkan putaran
Mengurangkan haus pada wayar dan tali sintetik
TIADA beban kejutan
Lebih-lebih lagi dengan anduh tali dawai
 METHOD OF LIFTING
Plan a suitable lifting route,
to avoid collision with any
person, objects or overhead
power line
Do not drag loads
3. Move the load as near to
the ground level as possible
4. Stop people from standing
in the lifting area
5. Do not ride on a load that
is being lifted
6. When the crane is
in operation, it must
maintain a distance of
at least 600 mm from
any barriers or
buildings
7. When visibility is
blocked, the signal
man shall render
assistance
8. Lifting the load at a
low speed so that the
sling tightens slowly
and maintains a
balanced position.
HOISTSAFE

STANDARD
HAND SIGNALS
Standard Hand Signals
SAFE RIGGING
PRACTICES
 The Thought Process of Rigging
• What is to be done with the load?
• What tools are needed to perform the assigned task?
• Is the capacity of the tools adequate to handle the loads
and forces involved in lifting and moving?
• How can the hookup be made?
• What will happen when the load is lifted?

• Apa yang perlu dilakukan dengan beban?

• Apakah alatan yang diperlukan untuk melaksanakan tugas yang
diberikan?
• Adakah kapasiti alatan mencukupi untuk mengendalikan beban dan
daya yang terlibat dalam mengangkat dan menggerakkan?
• Bagaimanakah perhubungan boleh dibuat?
• Apakah yang akan berlaku apabila beban diangkat?
 Safe Rigging Practices
• Whenever possible, avoid sharp, inefficient sling angles by
using longer slings or a spreader beam.
• Do not pull slings from under a load when the load is resting on
the sling.
• Do not drag slings over sharp objects or abrasive surfaces.
• Do not leave slings lying where heavy loads may be set down
on top of them.

• Apabila boleh, elakkan suduT yang tajam dengan menggunakan sling

yang lebih panjang atau rasuk penyebar.
• Jangan tarik sling dari bawah beban apabila beban diletakkan pada
sling.
• Jangan seret sling ke atas objek tajam atau permukaan yang melelas.
• Jangan biarkan sling terletak di mana beban berat boleh diletakkan di
atasnya.
 Safe Rigging Practices
• Do not use metal-mesh slings in which the spirals are
locked or do not move freely.
• Do NOT hammer a metal-mesh sling to straighten a spiral
or cross rod, or to force a spiral into position.
• If metal-mesh slings are used in pairs, they should be
attached to a spreader beam.

• Jangan gunakan sling logam-mesh di mana lingkaran dikunci atau

tersekat.
• JANGAN menukul sling logam untuk meluruskan lingkaran atau
batang silang, atau untuk memaksa lingkaran ke kedudukannya.
• Jika sling logam-mesh digunakan secara berpasangan, ia hendaklah
dilekatkan pada rasuk penyebar.
Introduction To Lifting Plan
 Definition
 Lifting operation Categories
 Strength & Stability.
 Mobile Cranes Selection
Rated Capacity Indicator (RCI)- cranes Load
charts & Diagrams
 Load Chart
 Crane calculation template
1
 Definitions
Lifting Operation
Regulation 8(2) of LOLER defines a lifting
operation as '… an operation concerned with the
lifting or lowering of a load'. A 'load' is the item or items
being lifted, which includes a person or people.

Lifting Equipment
'Lifting equipment' means work equipment for lifting and
lowering loads. This includes lifting accessories and
attachments used for anchoring, fixing or supporting the 2

equipment
 Definitions

Lifting Accessory:

Means any sling, shackle, swivel, ring, hook or other

appliances, including lifting beams, frames and spreaders,
used in connection with a lifting appliance or from the hook
of a crane.

3
 Definitions and principles of
lifting equipment

Lifting Supervisor

Banksman

Lifting Appliance
(Crawler Crane)

Lifting Accessory
(sling)

Lifting Appliance
(Truck Mounted
Crane)
Rigger (slinger)

Load (Tubular)
 Definitions and principles of lifting equipment

Pre-use Inspection
Lifted Load
(Cargo inside Lifting Toolbo
Basket) accessories x Talk
(Slings &
Shackles)

Lifting Lifting
Rigge Barricad Banksma
Appliance Supervisor
r es n
(Crane)
 Lifting Plan Categorization

Category 3: Complex Lifting.

Category 2: complicated Lifting.

Category 1: Simple Lifting.

8
 Lifting Plan Categorization
Category 3: Complex Lifting.

9
 Lifting Plan Categorization
Category 2: complicated Lifting

10
 Lifting Plan Categorization

Category 1: Simple Lifting.

11
 Crane Components
Rough Terrain C rane
C omponents
 Causes of Reduced
Load Capacity
1. Off-level

2. Wind hazard

3. Eccentric reeving

4. Swing out

5. Side loading

6. Impact loading
14
15
Load Rating Charts
 Exceeding rated capacities of a crane may result in one of two
scenarios:
 Loss of stability, i.e. tipping
 Component failure, i.e. structural damage or mechanical failure

17
Rated capacity indicator (RCI) and rated capacity limiter (RCL)

18
Boom Angle Indicator

19
 Crane Components
Rated Capacity Indicator (RCI) System

The LMI is showing the following information:

 The telescopic boom is extended to 40.1 ft.

 The Boom angle is shown as 68.1 deg.
 The radius from the centre of the crane slew
ring to the hook is 11.8 ft.
 The rope reeving configuration is set at
6 part line (Falls).
 The height of the boom tip from the ground
is 48.4 ft.
 The maximum SWL that can be picked at this
radius is 50,100 lbs
 The actual load being picked is at 07,800 lbs

 If the SLI has an orange light showing during operation this signifies
that you are approaching the maximum safe working load.
 Crane Selection

The selection of the right crane for the lift, is determined by the factors
listed below:

1. Length of crane boom required.

2. The maximum working radius of the crane.
3. Total load weight including the weight of the crane hook block and
lifting tackle.
4. Levelness and compaction of the area where the crane is to be set up.
5. Availability of clearance for all swinging movement of the crane and the
load.
6. Areas where the crane boom or load can be obstructed.
 Load Charts

Components of Load Charts

 A load chart is a tool that is supplied by the manufacturer to assist

the crane operator in determining the correct rated capacity of the
crane based upon the manufacturer’s approved configurations.

 General Load Chart requirements

1. In order for a load chart to be valid, it must have a serial number.
2. Load charts must be durable and legible
3. Load charts must be accessible from the operator’s station
 Load Charts
Components of Load Charts

 Radius: The distance from the center of rotation to the center of the load
or hoist line
 Boom Length: The distance from the center pivot of the boom base to the
top boom nose
sheave
 Boom Angle: The angle in degrees between the boom base section and
horizontal

Boom Angle

Radius
 Load Charts

Notes on Load Charts

Load Rating Charts

 The values listed on the

capacity table are referred to
as the rated capacity or the
gross capacity of the crane in a
specific configuration.

 According to manufacturer
requirements, Federal
regulations and nationally
recognized standards, these
rated capacities are NOT to be
exceeded.
Sample of Load Rating Charts
 Load Charts
 Bold line – values above the bold line, when exceeded, could result in
structural damage while values below the bold line, when exceeded,
could result in loss of stability

 Asterisks – values with an asterisk, when exceeded, could result in

structural damage while values without an asterisk, when exceeded,
could result in loss of stability

 Shaded areas – values within the shaded area, when exceeded, could
result in structural damage while values outside the shaded area,
when exceeded, could result in loss of stability
 Load Charts

Bold line
Case

Shaded
areas

Asterisks
 Crane principles
 Sheaves and Reeving:
o Parts of Line Pull
Determining Parts of Line, Weight of Line
and Sizing the Hook Block

Count the number of lines between the boom point and the block.

Weight of Hook Block (or Ball)

+ Weight of Rigging
(Slings, Hardware and Lifting Devices)

+ Load Weight

= Suspended Weight

Suspended Weight
Safe Working Load of Hoist Rope

Minimum Parts of Line Required

 Position of Crane

Rear – Front – Side

29
Ground Bearing Capacity

30
•Q & A
93
Thanks for Your Participation

94