IMPLEMENTASI PPI
DI FKTP
Dr dr Muchlis Achsan Udji Sofro SpPD KPTI MKM
PERDALIN Cabang Semarang
PPI Dasar LAFKESPRI 2-3 September 2023
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Pendahuluan
• Konsep Dasar Penyakit Infeksi (Bab II)
• Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Infeksi
• Ruang lingkup PPI di FKTP (Bab III)
• Kewaspadaan isolasi
• Kewaspadaan standar
• Kewaspadaan berdasarkan transmisi
• Penerapan bundle “HAIs” (Bab III b.1)
• PPI Pada penggunaan peralatan Kesehatan lainnya (Bab III b.2)
• Penggunaan antibiotic bijak (Bab III c)
• Pendidikan dan pelatihan (Bab III d)
• Surveilans (Bab III e)
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Penerapan PPI di FKTP (Bab IV)
• Pelayanan di dalam fasilitas Kesehatan
• Pelayanan di luar fasilitas Kesehatan
• PPI pada penyakit infeksi emerging dan KLB (Bab V)
• Managemen dan sumber daya PPI di FKTP (Bab VI)
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PENDAHULUAN
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MODEL SEGITIGA INFEKSI
(EPIDEMIOLOGI)
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Agent: penyebab infeksi
• Bakteri: Gram Positif, Gram Negatif, An Aerob Disentri basiler,
TB, Pneumoni, Sepsis, Tifus, Tetanus
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Host Dipengaruhi:
• Umur: balita, usia lanjut
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Lingkungan
• Kelembaban udara
• Dataran tinggi/rendah
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1. Bakteri Commensal kulit, saluran pernafasan , saluran
pencernaan atau saluran kemih
AGENT MIKROBIAL 2. Bakteri pathogen
3. Virus
4. Parasit
5. Jamur
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PENULARAN INFEKSI YANG DIDAPAT DI
RS/FASYANKES
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MEKANISME PERTAHANAN TUBUH
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TERMINOLOGI
Kolonisasi : ada agen infeksi, organisme tersebut hidup, tumbuh
dan berkembang biak tetapi tidak ada respon imun atau gejala
klinik
Karier : kolonisasi kuman patogen tanpa menderita sakit, tetapi
dapat menularkan ke orang lain
Infeksi : ada agen infeksi, terdapat respon imun tetapi tidak ada
gejala klinik
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PENCEGAHAN DAN PENGENDALIAN
INFEKSI :
PERMENKES NO. 27/ 2017 TENTANG PENCEGAHAN DAN PENGENDALIAN INFEKSI DI FASYANKES
PEDOMAN TEKHNIS PENCEGAHAN DAN PENGENDALIAN INFEKSI DI FKTP KEMENKES TAHUN 2021
Pencegahan Pengendalian
Pengendalian HAI’s dan
Infeksi infeksi infeksi di
infeksi fasyankes
Prinsip
kewaspadaa Bundle Penggunaa SURVEIL PENDIDK
n standar AN &
s n ANS
dan PELATIHA
antimikrob
transmisi N PPI
a secara
bijak
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KEWASPADAAN ISOLASI
KEWASPADAAN STANDAR KEWASPADAAN TRANSMISI
AIRBORN
KONTAK DROPLET
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Alat Pelindung Diri Pengendalian Limbah RS
Kebersihan VEKTOR
pernafasan/etika batuk
Penempatan pasien
(Lalat, naymuk, tikus dll)
Pengelolaan alkes
Kesehatan petugas Masker Bedah Masker Respiratorik
HH, sarung tangan, gaun
pelindung wajah (N95)
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CLABSI /PLABSI Prevention
Bundles
Surgical site Infection Bundles
Penerapan
Bundles HAIs
CAUTI Bundles
Ventilator Bundles
Bagaimana di FKTP? X
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Di FKTP yang perlu diperhatikan adalah PLABSI: Peripheral line ascociated blood streem infection
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PPI Penggunaan Peralatan Kesehatan
lain
1. PPI Pemberian alat bantu pernafasan (oksigen nasal)
2. PPI Terapi oksigen nasa.
3. PPI terapi inhalasi
4. PPI Pemberian nebulizer
5. PPI Perawatan luka
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Penerapan PPI di FKTP
• Pelayanan di dalam fasilitas Kesehatan
• Pelayanan di luar fasilitas Kesehatan
• PPI pada penyakit infeksi emerging dan KLB
• Managemen dan sumber daya PPI di FKTP
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PPI di FKTP yang perlu diperhatikan berikutnya:
• Surveilans
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PPI PADA
EMERGING RE-EMERGING
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
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Introduction
• Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) and re-emerging infectious
diseases (RIDs) are terms used to describe diseases that have recently
appeared in a population or have existed but are rapidly increasing
in incidence, geographic range, or both.
• These diseases often pose new challenges to public health due to
their unpredictable nature and potential for causing widespread
illness.
• Here are some examples of both emerging and re-emerging infectious
diseases:
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Emerging Infectious Diseases:
1.COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019): Caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, this
disease emerged in late 2019 and quickly spread worldwide, leading to a global pandemic. It
highlighted the potential impact of a novel virus on a global scale.
2.Ebola Virus Disease: Outbreaks of Ebola have occurred sporadically in Africa, with high
mortality rates. The 2014-2016 West African outbreak was particularly devastating.
3.Zika Virus: The Zika virus outbreak, which began in the Americas, highlighted the potential
link between the virus and microcephaly in newborns.
4.Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS): Caused by a coronavirus, MERS was first
identified in Saudi Arabia in 2012 and primarily affects the respiratory system.
5.Nipah Virus: This virus can cause severe respiratory illness and encephalitis in humans.
Outbreaks have occurred in several countries, primarily in Southeast Asia.
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Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases:
1.Tuberculosis (TB): Despite being treatable and preventable, TB remains a major global health
threat, particularly in areas with limited healthcare access and antibiotic resistance.
2.Malaria: Although efforts have reduced malaria cases in many regions, drug resistance and other
factors have contributed to the persistence of this deadly mosquito-borne disease.
3.Measles: Measles vaccination efforts have led to significant reductions in cases, but vaccine
hesitancy and gaps in vaccination coverage have allowed for resurgence in some areas.
4.Dengue Fever: Dengue has re-emerged in many parts of the world, with increased incidence and
severity, posing challenges for vector control and vaccine development.
5.Whooping Cough (Pertussis): Despite widespread vaccination, cases of pertussis have been on
the rise in some regions due to waning immunity and vaccine hesitancy.
6.Cholera: Cholera outbreaks continue to occur, particularly in areas with inadequate sanitation
and water systems.
7.Antrax
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PENCATATAN &
PELAPORAN
Pasal 7
(1) Komite atau Tim PPI bertugas melaksanakan kegiatan kegiatan pengkajian,
perencanaan, pelaksanaan, monitoring dan evaluasi, dan pembinaan.
(2) Hasil pelaksanaan tugas sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 6 ayat (1) harus
dilaporkan kepada pimpinan Fasilitas Pelayanan Kesehatan secara berkala paling
sedikit 2 (dua) kali dalam setahun, atau sesuai dengan kebutuhan
PMK 27/2017 (3) Laporan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (2) dipergunakan pimpinan Fasilitas
Pelayanan Kesehatan sebagai dasar penyusunan perencanaan dan pengambilan
TENTANG keputusan.
PPI Pasal 9
(1) Setiap Fasilitas Pelayanan Kesehatan harus melakukan pencatatan dan
pelaporan penyelenggaraan PPI.
(2) Pencatatan dan pelaporan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1)
disampaikan kepada Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten/Kota, Dinas
Kesehatan Provinsi, dan Kementerian Kesehatan secara berkala setiap 6
(enam) bulan sekali atau sesuai dengan kebutuhan.
Selamat menerapkan PPI di FKTP
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