Produksi
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
Total Product, TP
TP
50
25
0
0increasing
1 2 3diminishing
4 5 6 7 negative
8 9
marginal marginal
Quantity of labour marginal
returns returns returns
20
MP & AP
10
AP
0
MP
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Quantity of labour
18
Berbagai Ukuran Biaya
Fixed cost FC
AFC = =
Quantity Q
Variable cost VC
AVC = =
Quantity Q
Total cost TC
ATC = =
Quantity Q
Jenis Biaya Rata-rata
Kuantitas AFC AVC ATC
0 — — —
1 $3.00 $0.30 $3.30
2 1.50 0.40 1.90
3 1.00 0.50 1.50
4 0.75 0.60 1.35
5 0.60 0.70 1.30
6 0.50 0.80 1.30
7 0.43 0.90 1.33
8 0.38 1.00 1.38
9 0.33 1.10 1.43
10 0.30 1.20 1.50
Biaya Marjinal
Marginal Cost (MC) adalah
kenaikan biaya total yang
disebabkan oleh kenaikan satu unit
produk tambahan.
Biaya Marjinal
= TC
Q
Biaya Marjinal
$12.00
Biaya Total
$10.00
$8.00
$6.00
$4.00
$2.00
$0.00
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Kuantitas Output
Kurva Biaya Rata-rata & Kurva
Biaya Marjinal...
$3.50
$3.00
$2.50
MC
$2.00
Biaya
$1.50 ATC
AVC
$1.00
$0.50
AFC
$0.00
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Kuantitas Output
Kurva-kurva Biaya & Bentuknya
MC
$2.00
$1.50
Biaya
$1.00
$0.50
$0.00
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Kuantitas Output
Kurva-kurva Biaya & Bentuknya
$3.00
$2.50
Biaya Total
$2.00
$1.50 ATC
$1.00
$0.50
$0.00
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Kuantitas Output
Hubungan Antara Biaya Marjinal &
Biaya Total Rata-rata
$3.00
$2.50
MC
$2.00
Biaya
$1.50 ATC
$1.00
$0.50
$0.00
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Kuantitas Output
Ukuran Biaya
Average Average Average
Biaya Fixed Variable Fixed Variable Total Marginal
Kuantitas Total Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost
0 $2,00 $2,00 $0,00
1 $3,00 $2,00 $1,00 $2,00 $1,00 $3,00 $1,00
2 $3,80 $2,00 $1,80 $1,00 $0,90 $1,90 $0,80
3 $4,40 $2,00 $2,40 $0,67 $0,80 $1,47 $0,60
4 $4,80 $2,00 $2,80 $0,50 $0,70 $1,20 $0,40
5 $5,20 $2,00 $3,20 $0,40 $0,64 $1,04 $0,40
6 $5,80 $2,00 $3,80 $0,33 $0,63 $0,97 $0,60
7 $6,60 $2,00 $4,60 $0,29 $0,66 $0,94 $0,80
8 $7,60 $2,00 $5,60 $0,25 $0,70 $0,95 $1,00
9 $8,80 $2,00 $6,80 $0,22 $0,76 $0,98 $1,20
10 $10,20 $2,00 $8,20 $0,20 $0,82 $1,02 $1,40
11 $11,80 $2,00 $9,80 $0,18 $0,89 $1,07 $1,60
12 $13,60 $2,00 $11,60 $0,17 $0,97 $1,13 $1,80
13 $15,60 $2,00 $13,60 $0,15 $1,05 $1,20 $2,00
14 $17,80 $2,00 $15,80 $0,14 $1,13 $1,27 $2,20
Kurva Biaya...
$20.00
$18.00
$16.00
Kurva Total Biaya
$14.00
Biaya Total
$12.00
$10.00
$8.00
$6.00
$4.00
$2.00
$0.00
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Kuantitas Output
Kurva Biaya...
3.5
2.5
MC
2
Biaya
1.5
ATC
AVC
1
0.5
AFC
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Kuantitas Output
Tiga Ciri Penting Kurva Biaya
Biaya Marjinal meningkat dengan
peningkatan kuantitas output.
Kurva biaya total rata-rata
menyerupai huruf “U”.
Kurva Biaya Marjinal saling
berpotongan dengan kurva Biaya
Total Rata-rata pada suatu titik yang
melambangkan biaya total rata-rata
minimum.
Biaya Produksi Jk Pendek
Fixed Cost
Total fixed cost
Biaya Produksi Jk Pendek
Fixed Cost
Total fixed cost
Total fixed cost
Average fixed cost =
Quantity
Biaya Produksi Jk Pendek
Fixed Cost
Total fixed cost
Total fixed cost
Average fixed cost =
Quantity
Variable Cost
• dipengaruhi besar kecil produksi
Biaya Produksi Jk Pendek
Fixed Cost
Total fixed cost
Total fixed cost
Average fixed cost =
Quantity
Variable Cost
Total variable cost
Biaya Produksi Jk Pendek
Fixed Cost
Total fixed cost
Total fixed cost
Average fixed cost =
Quantity
Variable Cost
Total variable cost
Total variable cost
Average variable cost =
Quantity
Biaya Produksi Jk Pendek
Total Cost
Total fixed & variable cost
Biaya Produksi Jk Pendek
Total Cost
Total fixed & variable cost
Total cost
Average total cost =
Quantity
Biaya Produksi Jk Pendek
Total Cost
Total fixed & variable cost
Total cost
Average total cost =
Quantity
Marginal Cost
Biaya Produksi Jk Pendek
Total Cost
Total fixed & variable cost
Total cost
Average total cost =
Quantity
Marginal Cost
Perubahan Total cost
Marginal cost = Perubahan Quantity
Biaya Produksi Jk Pendek
$500
$400
$300
$200 TFC
$100
$0 Q
0 2 4 6 8 10
58
Penambahan Secara
$1.000 vertikal untuk TC
$900
$800
$700 TVC
$600
Biaya
$500
$400
$300
$200 TFC
$100
$0 Q
0 2 4 6 8 10
59
$1.000
TC
$900
$800
$700 TVC
$600
Biaya
$500
$400
$300
$200 TFC
$100
$0 Q
0 2 4 6 8 10
. 60
Q TFC TVC TC AFC AVC ATC MC
0 100 0 100 AFC=TFC / Q
1 100 90 190 100
2 100 170 270 50
3 100 240 340 33.33
4 100 300 400 25
5 100 370 470 20
6 100 450 550 16.67
7 100 540 640 14.29
8 100 650 750 12.50
9 100 780 880 11.11
10 100 930 1030 10
61
Q TFC TVC TC AFC AVC ATC MC
0 AVC=TVC
100 0 /Q
100
1 100 90 190 100 90
2 100 170 270 50 85
3 100 240 340 33.33 80
4 100 300 400 25 75
5 100 370 470 20 74
6 100 450 550 16.67 75
7 100 540 640 14.29 77.14
8 100 650 750 12.50 81.25
9 100 780 880 11.11 86.67
10 100 930 1030 10 93
© 62
Q TFC TVC TC AFC AVC ATC MC
0 ATC=TC
100 0 /100
Q
1 100 90 190 100 90 190
2 100 170 270 50 85 135
3 100 240 340 33.33 80 113.33
4 100 300 400 25 75 100
5 100 370 470 20 74 94
6 100 450 550 16.67 75 91.67
130
9 100 780 880 11.11 86.67 97.78
150
10 100 930 1030 10 93 103
64
$200 AVC is Berbentuk U:
AVC mulai menaik
$150 ketika AP mulai turun
Biaya
$100
AVC
$50
AFC
$0 Q
0 2 4 6 8 10
65
$200 MC memotong
ATC & AVC pada
ATC MC
$150
nilai minimum
Biaya
$100
AVC
$50
AFC
$0 Q
0 2 4 6 8 10
© 66