MINGGU KE VII

PRODUKSI TOTAL, MARJINAL, RATA-RATA

PRODUKSI JANGKA PENDEK
PRODUKSI JANGKA PANJANG
 KENDALA
PRODUKSI
ANGGARAN

OPTIMISASI

KEUNTUNGAN MAKSIMUM
Suatu proses penciptaan / penambahan guna (nilai)

INPUT PROSES OUTPUT

TEKHNOLOGI
Tenaga kerja Barang
Bhn. Mentah dan
Modal;Dsb. Jasa
FUNGSI PRODUKSI
Menunjukkan maksimum output yang dapat
diproduksi oleh sejumlah input dengan menggunakan
teknologi tertentu.
Q = f ( K, L, M, ……..) Q : Output
K : Kapital, Modal
OUTPUT L : Tenaga kerja
INPUT
M : Material, Bhn Baku

Segala sesuatu yang digunakan oleh

INPUT perusahaan dalam proses produksi.

INPUT Input yang kuantitasnya berubah-ubah

mengikuti banyaknya output yang akan
VARIABEL
dihasilkan.

INPUT Input yang kuantitasnya tidak dapat

TETAP berubah dalam periode tertentu.
 Dalam jangka pendek digunakan input tetap dan
input variabel bersama-sama

Q = f (K*, L)  K* tetap, sehingga Q = f (L)

AVERAGE PRODUCT OF LABOR (APL)

Rata-rata produksi yang APL = Q/L
dihasilkan oleh tenaga kerja

MARGINAL PRODUCT OF LABOR (MPL)

Tambahan produksi yang dihasilkan MPL = dQ/dL
oleh tambahan T.Kerja
Jumlah Jumlah Total Average Marginal
Lahan Tenaga Output Product of Product of
Kerja Labor Labor
1 ha 0 0 - -
1 ha 1 6 6 6
1 ha 2 13,5 6,75 7,5
1 ha 3 21 7 7,5
1 ha 4 28 7 7
1 ha 5 34 6,8 6
1 ha 6 38 6,33 4
1 ha 7 38 5,43 0
1 ha 8 37 4,62 -1
 Q

Q = f (L)

Output
Maksimum
0 L Pada saat
7 MPL = 0
APL/
MPL

APL
0 L
7
MPL
 Three Stages of Returns
Stage I: Increasing Marginal Returns
MP rising. TP increasing at an increasing rate.
Why? Specialization.
Total
Product
Total
Product

Quantity of Labor

Marginal
and
Average Average Product
Product

Quantity of Labor 8
Marginal Product
 Three Stages of Returns
Stage II: Decreasing Marginal Returns
MP Falling. TP increasing at a decreasing rate.
Why? Fixed Resources. Each worker adds less and less.
Total
Product
Total
Product

Quantity of Labor

Marginal
and
Average Average Product
Product

Quantity of Labor 9
Marginal Product
 Three Stages of Returns
Stage III: Negative Marginal Returns
MP is negative. TP decreasing.
Workers get in each others way
Total
Product
Total
Product

Quantity of Labor

Marginal
and
Average Average Product
Product

Quantity of Labor 10
Marginal Product
With your partner calculate MP and AP then discuss
what the graphs for TP, MP, and AP look like.
Remember quantity of workers goes on the x-axis.
Workers Total Product(TP) Marginal Average
(Input) PIZZAS Product(MP) Product(AP)
0 0
1 10
2 25
3 45
4 60
5 70
6 75
7 75
8 70 11
 With your partner calculate MP and AP then discuss
what the graphs for TP, MP, and AP look like.
Remember quantity of workers goes on the x-axis.
# of Workers Total Product(TP) Marginal Average
(Input) PIZZAS Product(MP) Product(AP)
0 0 - -
1 10 10
2 25 15
3 45 20
4 60 15
5 70 10
6 75 5
7 75 0
8 70 -5 12
 With your partner calculate MP and AP then discuss
what the graphs for TP, MP, and AP look like.
Remember quantity of workers goes on the x-axis.
# of Workers Total Product(TP) Marginal Average
(Input) PIZZAS Product(MP) Product(AP)
0 0 - -
1 10 10 10
2 25 15 12.5
3 45 20 15
4 60 15 15
5 70 10 14
6 75 5 12.5
7 75 0 10.71
8 70 -5 8.75 13
 Identify the three stages of returns
# of Workers Total Product(TP) Marginal Average
(Input) PIZZAS Product(MP) Product(AP)
0 0 - -
1 10 10 10
2 25 15 12.5
3 45 20 15
4 60 15 15
5 70 10 14
6 75 5 12.5
7 75 0 10.71
8 70 -5 8.75 14
 Identify the three stages of returns
# of Workers Total Product(TP) Marginal Average
(Input) PIZZAS Product(MP) Product(AP)
0 0 - -
1 10 10 10
2 25 15 12.5
3 45 20 15
4 60 15 15
5 70 10 14
6 75 5 12.5
7 75 0 10.71
8 70 -5 8.75 15