SUBLIMASI

• Sublimasi adalah endapan-endapan mineral

yang terbentuk hasil pengendapan kembali
(redeposited) dari gas-gas.
Contoh endapannnya : Belerang (sulfur)

• Berlangsung pada tekanan dan temperatur yang

rendah
• Berasosiasi dengan vulkanisme (gunungapi) dan
fumarol (sumber air panas) dan salfatara (sumber
gas beleranga)
• Belerang yang ekonomis ditambang di : Italy,
Jepang,
 SUBLIMASI
• Sedangkan NaCl (sodium klorid) telah
diekstraksi setempat di sekitar gunungapi
• Sublimat-sublimat non komersial spt : klorid dari
besi, tembaga, Zinc, oksida besi dan tembaga,
asam borac, dan garam-garam alkali metal.
 METASOMATISME KONTAK
 Pengaruh pada sekitar intrusi batuan beku
dibagi oleh Barrel menjadi 2 tipe :
1. Efek panas tanpa kombinasi tambhan
magma chamber menghasilkan “
metamorfisme kontak”
2. Efek panas disertai dengan kombinasi
tambahan magma chamber menghasilkan “
metasomatisme kontak”
Metamorfisme kontak umumnya tidak
menghasilkan endapan-endapan mineral,
kecuali yg nonlogam spt Silimanit
 METASOMATISME KONTAK

 Sedangkan metasomatisme kontak sering

menghasilkan endapan-endapan mineral yg
berharga
Batuan karbonat bisa berubah menjadi batuan silikat
kompleks yg dikenal dg “ Tactite” atau “skarn”
Contoh Endapan tipe met.kontak adalah :

 Besi : magnetit (Fe3O4), hematit (Fe2O3)

 Copper (tembaga) : chalkopirit (CuFeS2) , bornit
(Cu5FeS4), Covellite (CuS).
 Zinc (Seng) : Sphalerit (ZnS), Zincite (ZnO)
berasosiasi dg magnetit dan sulfida besi serta
timbal.
 Lead (timbal) : Galena (PbS) Cerrusite (PbCO3),
magnetit, dan sulfida besi, tembaga dan seng.
 Aluminium : Bauxite ( (Al2O3.2H2O)
Contoh Endapan tipe met.kontak adalah :

 Tungsten : Scheelite( CaWO4), sulfida wolframit,

dan molibdenit.
 Molibdenum :molibdenit (MoS2) , pirit, garnet.
 Graphit : grapit dan silikat-2 kontak.
 Gold (Emas) : Calaverite (AuTe2), Sylvanite
((AuAg)Te2 dg Arsenopirit , magnetit, dan
sulfida besi.
 Silver (perak) : Argentite (Ag2S), native, Cerargyrite
(AgCl)
 Manganese : manganite (MnO.H2O), Pyrolusite
((MnO2) dan oksida besi serta silikat-silikat.
 Garnet : garnet dan silikat.

 Corundum : korundum dg magnetitit dan garnet

serta silikat
PERBEDAAN ANTARA
METASOMATIS KONTAK DGN METAMORPHISME
KONTAK

 The effect of igneous emanation upon the

surrounding rocks have been divided by two Type :

 1. The effec of heat, alone, without

appreciable accessions from, giving to contact
metamorphism.

 2. The effect of heat combined with accession

from the magma chamber giving rise to contact
metasomatism.
The two are to be sharply distinguished, since
contact metmorphism does not give rise to
mineral deposits except in a few rare cases of
nonmetallic deposits such as silimanit, and
contact metasomatism may give rise to valuable
and distinctive mineral deposit.
Contact metamorphism manifests itself by:
(1). Endogene or internal effect upon the margins of the
intrussive body itself.
(2). Exogene or external effects upon the rocks invaded by the
igneous mass.
The endogene effects consist chiefly of textural and mineral
changes in the border zone, pegmatite minerals such as
turmaline, beryl, or garnet may be present.
 For Example :
Original minerals AB and CD my recombined to AC and BD.
In an impure limestone consisting of carbonates of
calcium, magnesium and iron and quartz and clay.

Contact metasomatism differs from contact

metamorphism in that important accession from the
magma involved. Which by metasomatic reaction with
the contact rocks form new mineral under condition of
high temperature and pressure.
 The resulting mineralogy is thus more varied
and complex tha that by heat metamorphism
alone.