Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2: People Waiting at A Diabetes Clinic in Tanzania
Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2: People Waiting at A Diabetes Clinic in Tanzania
clinic in Tanzania
1
Definisi Diabetes
Diabetes melitus adalah suatu kelompok penyakit metabolik
dengan karakteristik kadar gula darah yang tinggi, terjadi
karena kekurangan jumlah insulin, kerja insulin atau kedua -
duanya.
<1%
Mencapai target terapi
7 out of 8
Pasien yang
membutuhkan insulin,
tidak mendapatkannya
14.1 juta
Adalah jumlah pasien
prediabetes, IGT (20-
79)
Source: International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 6th edn. Brussels, Belgium:
International Diabetes Federation, 2013. http://www.idf.org/diabetesatlas.
A1chieve study, country results presentation Indonesia. Novo Nordisk 2012.
Slide no 4
Every 6 seconds, 1 person dies from diabetes-
related complications*1
…heart …stroke
disease by 2– by > 2–4 fold2
4 fold2
In the USA, in the next 24 hours, 5258 patients will develop diabetes
Tipe Lain
Kelainan genetik fungsi sel beta dan
kerja insulin,infeksi, dll
International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 6th edn. Brussels, Belgium, 2013. http://www.idf.org/diabetesatlas
Gula darah tinggi memberikan dampak buruk jangka panjang
Inflamasi
Beck-Nielsen et al. (1985) Herman WH, Eye Disease and Nephropathy in NIDDM ,1990.
Risiko komplikasi akan menurun bila
diiringi kontrol gula darah yang baik
Siapa saja yang berisiko
menderita diabetes ?
Faktor Risiko DM Tipe 2
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Mengapa terjadi peningkatan gula darah
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• FPG ≥126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L). Fasting is defined as no caloric intake for at least
8 h.*
OR
• 2-h PG ≥ 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) during OGTT. The test should be performed
as described by the WHO, using a glucose load containing the equivalent of 75-g
anhydrous glucose dissolved in water.*
OR
• A1C ≥ 6.5% (48 mmol/mol). The test should be performed in a laboratory using a
method that is NGSP certified and standardized to the DCCT assay.*
OR
• In a patient with classic symptoms of hyperglycemia or hyperglycemic crisis, a
random plasma glucose ≥ 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L).
*In the absence of unequivocal hyperglycemia, diagnosis requires two abnormal test
results from the same sample or in two separate test samples
Blood Glucose
• FPG (mg/dL) <100 <100
<140 <140
• Post Prandial BG (mg/dL)
Lipid
Total Cholesterol (mg/dL) <200 <200
KOMPLIKASI
AKUT
Pola Makan Pasien DM