Poin Penting

• Diagnosis celah orofasial tipikal yang melibatkan palatum dapat dicurigai pada
trimester pertama
• Menggunakan USG dua dimensi (2D), dapat mengidentifikasi celah tipikal
pada trimester kedua.
• USG tiga dimensi (3D), khususnya fungsi rendering, dapat membantu dalam
diagnosis celah palatum keras dan lunak.
• Hipertelorisme dan hipotelorisme yang dikaitkan dengan berbagai sindrom
genetik.
01
Anatomi Sonografi
Normal pada Wajah
Janin
Wajah janin dapat dievaluasi dalam tiga bidang berbeda menggunakan
ultrasound 2D: sagital, aksial atau transversal, dan koronal.

Gambar. 10.1 Gambar normal wajah janin. A. Gambar sagital menunjukkan

profil. B. Gambar aksial menunjukkan orbit. C. Gambar aksial melalui palatum
menunjukkan toothbuds. D. Gambar coronal memenunjukkan bibir dan lubang
hidung.
Tabel. 10-1 Gambaran Normal Wajah Janin pada Gambar USG di Bidang
Midsagital
Struktur Penampilan Biasa
Dahi Tepat diatas tulang hidung dan tulang frontal.
Tulang hidung Obliq sepanjang arah frontocaudal. Tampilan ini
memungkinkan pengukuran panjang tulang hidung dan
sudut sudut wajah superior (sudut antara bagian vertikal
tulang frontal dan tulang hidung)

Nasal soft tissues Collumellanya obliq atau horizintal

Bibir atas Filtrumnya linear dan tidak menonjol. Tampilan ini
memungkinkan pengukuran panjang filtrum
Palatum sekunder Garis echoic tebal, dimulai pada tingkat alveolar dan
memanjang secara horizontal ke belakang
Rongga mulut Lidah sedikit miring ke atas (10-15 derajat)
Bibir bawah Sejajar dengan sudut kiri ke sudut kanan bibir atas
Dagu Pada garis vertikal yang ditelusuri pada prefrontal skin
Tabel. 10-2 Gambaran Normal Wajah Janin pada Gambar USG di Bidang Aksial
Orbit Sumbu interorbital tegak lurus terhadap sumbu sagital.
Tampilan ini memungkinkan pengukuran panjang interorbital
dalam dan luar

Nasal Septum, molar Septum hidung tegak lurus terhadap bidang aksial. Dua
lengkungan malar simetris terhadap lengkungan septum
hidung

Bibir atas, rahang atas Tidak ada kekurangan kontinuitas pada bibir atas. Rahang atas
berbentuk U. Tunas gigi tampak bintik hipoechoic.

Rongga mulut Lidah menempati keseluruhan rongga mulut dan menempel

pada punggung alveolar. Di bagian belakang, lidah berakhir
pada orofaring. Tampilan ini memungkinkan pengukuran lebar
dan panjang lidah.

Mandibula Berbentuk V. Kedua hemimandibular hampir membentuk

bujusangkar.
Tabel. 10-3 Nomogram untuk Pertumbuhan Parameter Okular berdasarkan
presentil
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