ASUHAN KEPERAWATAN DENGAN

CEDERA KEPALA RINGAN

KEPERAWATAN GAWAT DARURAT
Oleh Kelompok 4 :

Wilujeng Jhoni Saputri 1219005961

Niril Yumadilla 1219005991
Fathimah Azzahro 1219006211
Fiskhania Safira 1219006221
Lulut Tisna Amijaya 1219006261
Tri Widi Prayitno 1219006281
Ajeng Mustamaroh 1219006301
Muhammad Turkhamun 1219006381
 1. PENGERTIAN

Cedera kepala merupakan cedera yang

meliputi trauma kulit kepala, tengkorak, dan
otak. Cedera kepala menjadi penyebab
utama kematian disabilitas pada usia muda.
Penderita cedera kepala seringkali
mengalami edema serebri yaitu akumulasi
kelebihan cairan di intraseluler atau
ekstraseluler ruang otak atau perdarahan
intrakranial yang mengakibatkan
meningkatnya tekanan intrakranial.
(Morton,2012)
 Menurut Brain Injury Assosiation of America, Cedera kepala adalah suatu
kerusakan pada kepala, bukan bersifat kongenital ataupun degeneratif, tetapi
disebabkan oleh serangan/benturan fisik dari luar yang dapat mengurangi atau
mengubah kesadaran yang mana menimbulkan kerusakan kemampuan kognitif
dan fungsi.

Berdasarkan tingkat keparahannya, cedera kepala dibagi menjadi tiga, yaitu

cedera kepala ringan, sedang, berat. Cedera kepala ringan dapat menyebabkan
gangguan sementara pada fungsi otak. Penderita dapat merasa mual, pusing,
linglung, atau kesulitan mengingat untuk beberapa saat. Penderita cedera kepala
sedang juga dapat mengalami kondisi yang sama, namun dalam waktu yang lebih
lama.
2. ETIOLOGI
Menurut Tarwoto (2007), penyebab cedera kepala yaitu:
a. Trauma Primer (benturan langsung atau tidak langsung)
b. Trauma Sekunder
c. Kecelakaan Lalu Lintas
d. Pukulan
e. Terjatuhan
f. Bentur

3. Tanda Dan Gejala.

Menurut Mansjoer, 2000 :
a. Pingsan tidak lebih dari sepuluh menit
b. Pusing
c. Muntah
d. GCS : 13 -15
e. Tidak terdapat kelainan neurologis
f. Pernafasan abnormal
g. Nyeri kepala timbul sevara betahap
4. PATOFISIOLOGI
a. Sakit kepala progresif atau menetap
b. Penurunan kesadaran
c. Cushing response :
- Bradikardi
- Hipertensi
- Gangguan Respirasi

5. PEMERIKSAAN DIAGNOSTIK
Menurut Arif Mutaqin 2008, Pemeriksaan Penunjang Pasien Cedera Kepala
Ringan :
a. CT Scan
b. MRI
c. Serebral Angiography
d. Laboratorium
e. Sinar X
f. PET
6. PENATALAKSANAAN
a. Dexamethason/kalmetason sebagai pengobatan anti edema serebral
b. Therapihiperventilasi untuk mengurangi vasodilatasi
c. Pemberian analgetik
d. Pengobatan anti edema dengan larutan hipertosis yaitu; manitol 20%,
glukosa 40% atau gliserol
e. Antibiotik yang mengandung barrier darah otak (pinicilin)
atau untuk infeksi anaerobdi berikan metronidazole
f. Pembedahan
7. PATHWAY
 Mision Vision
Mercury is the closest planet to Venus has a beautiful name and
the Sun and the smallest one in is the second planet from the
the Solar System Sun. It’s terribly hot
 “This is a quote. Words full of wisdom that
someone important said and can make the
reader get inspired.”

—Someone Famous
 Key Numbers

20,000
This is the number of total
50,000
This is the number of patients
visitors we had last month we had last month

5,000
This is the number of
recoveries made so far
 Brief Story
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and the
smallest one in the Solar System
745,145
Big numbers catch your audience’s attention
 Milestones Reached
Mars Saturn
Despite being red, Mars It’s composed mostly of
is a cold place, not hot hydrogen and helium

2007 2010 2014 2018

Mercury Venus
Mercury is the closest It has a beautiful name,
planet to the Sun but it’s terribly hot
 Our Process

For the Staff For the Center

● You can write your suggestion here ● You can write your suggestion here

● You can write your suggestion here ● You can write your suggestion here

● You can write your suggestion here ● You can write your suggestion here

● You can write your suggestion here ● You can write your suggestion here

● You can write your suggestion here ● You can write your suggestion here
 Patient Care
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and the
smallest one in the Solar System
 Our Process

01 Venus Mars 03
Venus has a Mars is a cold
beautiful name place, not hot

02 Saturn Jupiter 04
It’s composed of It’s the biggest
hydrogen planet in the Sun
 Services

Mercury Venus Mars

Mercury is the Venus has a Despite being red,
closest planet beautiful name Mars is a cold place

Jupiter Saturn Neptune

It’s the biggest Yes, this is the It’s the biggest
planet in the Sun ringed one planet in the Sun
 Areas we cover

30% Mercury Mars 20%

Mercury is the Despite being red,
closest planet Mars is a cold

10% Jupiter Neptune 40%

It’s the biggest It’s the 8th planet
planet in the Sun from the Sun
A picture is worth a
thousand words
 Key Accomplishments

Mercury Venus
Mercury is the Venus has a
closest planet beautiful name

Jupiter Saturn
It’s the biggest Yes, this is the
planet in the System ringed one
Desktop Software
You can replace the image on
the screen with your own work
 Patient Satisfaction

Gender Results

75% Venus
Venus has a beautiful name
and it’s the second planet
01
50% Mars
Age Despite being red, Mars is a 02
cold place, not hot

20-35 25% Mercury

36-60 90%
Mercury is the closest planet to
the Sun and the smallest one
03
 Testimonial

Jenna Doe, 25 John James, 36

“Mercury the closest “Venus has a beautiful
planet to the Sun and it’s name, but it’s hot, even
only a bit larger than the hotter than Mercury”
Moon”

Fred Blogs, 31 Helena Smith, 58

“Despite being red, Mars is “Saturn is a gas giant,
a cold place, not hot. It’s composed mostly of
full of iron oxide dust” hydrogen and helium”
 Quality improvement
measures
Venus Saturn Jupiter Mars

Measure 1

Measure 2

Measure 3

Measure 4
Awesome
Words
 Innovations

Mercury Venus Mars

Mercury is the closest Venus has a beautiful Despite being red, Mars
planet to the Sun name, but it’s very hot is a cold place
 Location Center

Mars
Despite being red,
Mars is a cold
place, not hot

Venus
Venus has a
beautiful name,
but it’s terribly hot
 Awards
Mars
2011-2012 Mars is a cold place,
not hot

Saturn
2015-2016 Saturn is composed
mostly of hydrogen

Venus
2018-2019 Venus has a
beautiful name
 Our Team

Jenna Doe John James

Here you can talk a bit Here you can talk a bit
about this person about this person
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