TUGAS MAKALAH NASIONALISME DAN RESOLUSI KONFLIK ETNIS

Penyelesaian Konflik Etnis di Bosnia dan Herzegovina

Audry Maulana 090652 095

FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA

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!" PE#$AH%&%A# !"' &atar Belakang Bosnia mer !a"an sa#a$ sa% ne&ara !e'a$an (ari ) &os#a*ia+ ,an& (i$ ni o#e$ -er-a&ai "e#om!o" e%nis+ (ian%aran,a a(a#a$ Ser-ia+ Kroa%ia (an A#-ania. Masin&/masin& s " %erse- % -era0i#iasi "e!a(a a&ama %er%en% + Ser-ia mer !a"an !en&an % Kris%en or%o(o"+ Kroasia !en&an % Ka%o#i" (an oran& A#-ania ,an& -era&ama Is#am. Ke#om!o" e%nis Ser-ia mer !a"an "e#om!o" minori%as (i Koso*o+ semen%ara "om ni%as Is#am a(a#a$ "e#om!o" ma,ori%as. Se-e# m ) &os#a*ia r n% $+ mere"a $i( ! (amai+ (i -a1a$ !im!inan seoran& %o"o$ !emersa% 2osi! Ti%o. Se%e#a$ Ti%o menin&&a# ( nia %a$ n 1340+ ) &os#a*ia men&a#ami "risis (an "e&on'an&an ,an& $e-a% se'ara !o#i%i" (an e"onomi. Be-era!a ne&ara men(e"#arasi"an "emer(e"aann,a masin&/masin&+ se!er%i S#o*enia+ Kroasia+ Bosnia (##. Ke!emim!inan 2ose!$ Bro5 Ti%o se-a&ai seoran& !resi(en ) &os#a*ia ,an& (i"ena# se-a&ai seoran& !emim!in ,an& memi#i"i "ara"%eris%i" "e!emim!inan ,an& " a%+ %ern,a%a %i(a" -er$asi# menanm"an seman&a%/seman&a% nasiona#isme (an "esa% an -an&sa+ (i- "%i"an (en&an %er6a(in,a "on0#i" an%ar e%nis ,an& %er6a(i $an,a -e-era!a %a$ n se%e#a$ 1a0a%n,a Ti%o. Kon0#i" (an (isin%e&rasi ) &os#a*ia 6 &a %er6a(i -e-era!a %a$ n se%e#a$ (i'anan&"ann,a Glastnost (an Perestroika o#e$ Mi"$ai# Gor-a'$e* ,an& a"$irn,a mem-a1a !er!e'a$an -a&i Uni So*ie%. ) &os#a*ia+ ,an& -ai" se'ara #an&s n& ma ! n %i(a" #an&s n& men(a!a%"an !en&ar $ "om nis (ari Uni So*ie%+ (a!a% (i"a%a"an men(a!a%"an !en&ar $ ! #a (ari a(an,a ( a "e-i6a"an %erse- % ,an& se'ara (ras%is men& -a$ %a%anan "e$i( !an sosia# !o#i%i" ( nia. Kon0#i" ,an& %er6a(i %er %ama (i Bosnia (an Her5e&o*ina (a!a% men6a(i s a% !em-e#a6aran -a&aimana ne&ara/ne&ara -ara% ,an& se$ar sn,a (a!a% mem-eri"an -an% an (en&an #e-i$ 'e!a% (an e0isien -a&i !enan&anan "risis %erse- %+ 6 s%r %er"esan #am-an (an %i(a" !ro0esiona#. Ha# ini (a!a% (i!a$ami a!a-i#a "i%a me#i$a% "on(isi Bosnia (an Her5e&o*ina ,an& se'ara s%ra%e&is %i(a" memi#i"i s m-er (a,a (an (a,a %a1ar ,an& %in&&i %er$a(a! "e!en%in&an ne&ara/ne&ara -ara%+ se$in&&a in%er*ensi ne&ara -ara% ,an&

(i- % $"an n% " mere(a"an "on0#i"+ %er"esan -er#ar %/#ar % (an %i(a" %eren'ana (en&an -ai". !"2 (u)usan Masala* Men6a(i r m san masa#a$ (a#am ma"a#a$ ini a(a#a$ #a%ar -e#a"an& (ari %er6a(in,a "on0#i" e%nis -ersen6a%a (i Bosnia (an Her5e&o*ina ,an& mema"an "or-an ! # $an ri- 6i1a. Se#ain i% + a"an (i"em "a"an ! #a -a&aimana reso# si %er$a(a! "on0#i" ini (a!a% %er'a!ai $in&&a saa% ini+ %er %ama sa$a !er(amaian ,an& (i#a" "an o#e$ Perseri"a%an Ban&sa Ban&sa 7PBB8. A"an (i"em "a"an ! #a -a&aimana 0a"%or/0a"%or !o#i%i" (an sosia# men6a(i -a&ian (ari %er'a!ain,a reso# si "on0#i" e%nis (i 1i#a,a$ !e'a$an ) &os#a*ia ini. !" +u,uan Penulisan T 6 an (ari (i% #isn,a ma"a#a$ ini a(a#a$ n% " men&e%a$ i "on(isi ne&ara Bosnia (an Her5e&o*ina se%e#a$ !e'a$n,a ) &os#a*ia (an "on0#i" -ersen6a%a ,an& %er6a(i se#ama -e-era!a %a$ n. Se#ain i% + ma"a#a$ ini 6 &a (i% #is se-a&ai -a&ian (ari % &as ma%a " #ia$ Nasiona#isme (an Reso# si Kon0#i" E%nis (a#am #in&" n&an FISIP UI. !"- +in,auan Penulisan Da#am !em- a%an ma"a#a$ ini+ !en #is men&& na"an s m-er a' an -er !a - " /- " %e"s ,an& re#e*an (en&an %o!i" (ari ma"a#a$. Se#ain i% + s m-er/s m-er in%erne% 6 &a men6a(i a' an %am-a$an (a#am !em- a%an ma"a#a$ ini.

!!" PEMBAHA.A# !!"' Penye/a/ Konflik Ter6a(in,a "on0#i" -ersen6a%a (i 1i#a,a$/1i#a,a$ ,an& se-e# mn,a mer !a"an 1i#a,a$ ne&ara ) &os#a*ia+ %i(a" (a!a% (i#e!as"an (en&an !eris%i1a menin&&a#n,a !resi(en ) &os#a*ia ,an& san&a% "arisma%i"+ ,a"ni 2ose!$ Bro5 Ti%o !a(a %a$ n 1340. 9a#a ! n ia %e#a$ memim!in se#ama #e-i$ (ari :0 %a$ n+ nam n 1arisan !o#i%i" ,an& (i%in&&a#"ann,a n% " ne&ara i% san&a% ra! $. Ha# ini (a!a% %er#i$a% sa#a$ sa% n,a a(a#a$ !a(a "ons%i% si ) &os#a*ia ,an& (isa$"an !a(a %a$ n 13;<. Di (a#am "ons%i% si ini+ %er6a(i (esen%ra#isasi !o#i%i" ,an& -e&i% -esar -a&i re! -#i"/re! -#i" ,an& %er&a- n& (a#am 0e(erasi ) &os#a*ia. Bersama (en&an !ro*insi/!ro*insi o%onom #ainn,a+ re! -#i"/re! -#i" se!er%i
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S#o*enia (an Kroasia mem-eri"an !eno#a"an "eras (ari se%ia! !a,a !en& a%an ne&ara 0e(era#1. A(an,a (esen%ra#isasi se'ara !o#i%i" ,an& -e&i% -esar ini %i(a" %er#a# (irasa"an (en&an $a(irn,a Ti%o se-a&ai seoran& !resi(en ,an& memi#i"i "ara"%er "e!emim!inan ,an& " a%. Nam n+ "e%i"a ia a"$irn,a menin&&a# ( nia+ %er6a(i s a% "risis !o#i%i" ,an& ' " ! !ara$ men,an&" % s "sesi "e!emim!inann,a ser%a a(an,a !a,a !emisa$an (iri ne&ara/ne&ara ,an& %er&a- n& (a#am Fe(erasi ) &os#a*ia. Ha# ini (i!er!ara$ ! #a+ (en&an a(an,a "en,a%aan -a$1a ) &os#a*ia %er(iri (ari -er-a&ai ma'am e%nis ,an& % r % men6a(i sa#a$ sa% 0a"%or %ama !en(oron& %im- #n,a "on0#i" -ersen6a%a. Se#ain i% + 0a"%or nasiona#isme (a#am "ai%ann,a (en&an nation-building (ian&&a! " ran& mema(ai -a&i a(an,a s a% s%a-i#i%as se'ara sosia# ma ! n se'ara !o#i%i". Pa(a$a# se-a&ai s a% ne&ara ,an& -esar+ !en,e-aran ni#ai/ni#ai nasiona#isme ama%#a$ !en%in& n% " men&$in(ar (ari %er6a(in,a "on0#i" ,an& me#i-a%"an e%nis ma ! n ras+ %er %ama (a#am ne&ara ,an& memi#i"i e%nisi%as ,an& ma6em " (an ama% -era&am se!er%i (i ) &os#a*ia. Ke%i"a 2ose!$ Bro5 Ti%o 1a0a% !a(a %a$ n 1340+ m n' # seseoran& ,an& memi#i"i am-isi n% " mem-en% " s a% ne&ara Ser-ia Ra,a ,an& -era(a (i a%as 1i#a,a$ ) &os#a*ia. Soso" %erse- % a(a#a$ S#o-o(an Mi#ose*i'$ ,an& mer !a"an !emim!in (ari ne&ara Ser-ia (i-a1a$ Fe(erasi ) &os#a*ia. Ben% " (ari Ser-ia Ra,a ,an& ia " man(an&"an a(a#a$ s a% ne&ara ,an& (iisi o#e$ oran&/oran& (ari e%nis Ser-ia (an -er%em!a% (i a%as 1i#a,a$ ) &os#a*ia se'ara "ese# r $an. A!a-i#a (i!er$a%i"an+ "onse!si Mi#ose*i'$ %en%an& Ser-ia Ra,a memi#i"i "esamaan (en&an "onse!si Hi%#er %en%an& 2erman Ra,a (en&an ras Arian,a. Pa(a$a#+ ) &os#a*ia a(a#a$ s a% ne&ara ,an& san&a% $e%ero&en (an memi#i"i e%nis ,an& ma6em ". Ten% sa6a+ a(an,a man *er !o#i%i" ,an& (i#a" "an o#e$ Mi#ose*i'$ ini meman'in&

"emara$an (ari re! -#i"/re! -#i" #ain+ %er %ama (ari Kroasia (an S#o*enia ,an& se'ara &eo&ra0is -era(a (i 1i#a,a$ %ara ) &os#a*ia. Se(an&"an Ser-ia (an Mon%ene&ro -era(a (i 1ia#a,a$ se#a%an. Posisi Bosnia (an Her5e&o*ina ,an& -era(a (i %en&a$+ men6a(i %er6e!i% (i an%ara "e( a "e" a%an -esar ini+ (an 1a#a ! n Bosnia (an Her5e&o*ina -er sa$a men6a(i !enen&a$+ se#a# menem i 6a#an - n% .

T. Taufiqulhadi. Menembus Sarajevo, Kesaksian Pembersihan Etnis di Bosnia. Jakarta. PT Penebar Swadaya: 1994. Hal 36

A"$irn,a Mi#ose*i' memo-i#isasi %en%aran,a n% " mere- % 1i#a,a$ Kroasia !a(a - #an 2 #i 1331+ (en&an (i-an% o#e$ !as "an &eri#,a Ser-ia (i Kroasia+ Mi#ose*i' me#an'ar"an in*ansi "e Kroasia (en&an (a#i$ =me#in( n&i= minori%as Ser-ia. ,an& memi#i"i se"i%ar 12> e%nis ser-ia. Bosnia (an Her5e&o*ina ,an& se'ara mi#i%er ama%#a$ #ema$ (i6a(i"an -a% #on'a%an (a#am a"si mi#i%er Mi#ose*i'$ %er$a(a! Kroasia. Bosnia (an Her5e&o*ina %i(a" memi#i"i %en%ara+ %ra(isi mi#i%er a%a ! n sen6a%a2. Ke#ema$an se'ara mi#i%er ini (i!er- r " (en&an "ara"%er "e!emim!inan !resi(en Bosnia (an Her5e&o*ina ,an& %i(a" memi#i"i am-isi !er%a$anan mi#i%er sama se"a#i. Ha# ini#a$ ,an& "em (ian men&a"i-a%"an -ai" Kroasia ma ! n Ser-ia -er"ein&inan n% " men& asai 1i#a,a$ Bosnia (an Her5e&o*ina. Ha# ini (i!er- r " (en&an a(an,a "en,a%aan -a$1a ma,ori%as !en( ( " Bosnia (an Her5e&o*ina meme# " a&ama Is#am+ se(an&"an -ai" (i Ser-ia ma ! n Kroasia ma,ori%as !en( ( "n,a meme# " a&ama Kris%en Ka%o#i":. Fa"%or/0a"%or ini#a$ ,an& !a(a a"$irn,a mem-a1a Bosnia (an Her5e&o*ina men6a(i ne&ara (en&an "e$an' ran ,an& !a#in& !ara$ (an menerima a"si !em-ersi$an e%nis 7&eno'i(e8 (ari %en%ara Ser-ia ,an& mene#an "or-an 6 %aan 1ar&a Bosnia (an Her5e&o*ina. !!"2 Peran !nternasional dala) Pen0a1aian (esolusi Konflik Se%e#a$ " a%n,a (esa"an in%ernasiona# 7Uni%e( Na%ion Pro%e'%ion For'e8 ,ai% n% " !en,e#esaian "on0#i" (i ) &os#a*ia+ !as "an !er(amaian ,an& (i% &as"an n% "

a"$inrn,a Perseri"a%an Ban&sa/Ban&sa 7PBB8 !a(a %a$ n 1332 mem-en% " UNPROFOR men6a&a !er(amaian (i ne&ara/ne&ara !e'a$an ) &os#a*ia<. Termas " Bosnia. Pas "an !er(amaian ini ne&ara/ne&ara an&&o%a PBB ,an& men&irim"an !as "an !er(amaiann,a & na men6a&a !er(amaian (i Bosnia+ ,a"ni Ameri"a Seri"a%+ 2erman+ In&&ris+ Pran'is (an In(onesia. Se#ain i% 6 &a Perseri"a%an Ban&sa/Ban&sa men,er "an "e!a(a Ser-ia n% " menari" !as "ann,a (ari 1i#a,a$ Bosnia (an memin%a (i#a" "ann,a !er n(in&an n% " men&a"$iri "on0#i" %erse- %. Per n(in&an ini (i!im!in o#e$ Le1is M'"e 6i' se#a" "e!a#a s%a0 UNPROFOR. Nam n+ (a#am !er n(in&an ini %i(a" %er'a!ai "ese!a"a%an an%ara "e( a

Ibid hal !

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-e#a$ !i$a" (i"arena"an !i$a" Bosnia menin&&a#"an !er n(in&an "arena %er6a(i #e(a"an -om (i Sara6e*o ,an& -an,a" mene1as"an 1ar&a e%nis Bosnia. Se#ain PBB+ Uni Ero!a 6 &a i" % -er!ar%isi!asi (a#am !roses !er(amaian ,an& %er6a(i (i Bosnia. Mas,ara"a% Uni Ero!a men'o-a men&a6a" "e( a -e#a$ !i$a" ,an& -er%i"ai n% " ma me#a" "an !er n(in&an & na men,e#esai"an "on0#i" %erse- % (en&an men6a(i me(ia%or !er n(in&an an%ara Ser-ia (an 6 &a Bosnia (a#am !er n(in&an Lisa-on ,an& (i#a"sanan"an !a(a %a$ n 1332 & na men'ari so# si "e( a -e#a$ !i$a" (a#am men,e#esai"an "on0#i" %erse- %. Hasi# (ari !er n(in&an %erse- % a(a#a$ men6a(i"an Bosnia se-a&ai ne&ara Fe(era# ,an& %er(iri (ari %i&a e%nis (an memi#i"i 1i#a,a$ masin&/masin& (ari e%nis %erse- %. Nam n !er6an6ian ini 6 &a -e# m mam! men&$en%i"an "e"erasan ,an& %er6a(i (i Bosnia. Karena #e(a"an ,an& %er6a(i (i Sara6e*o %erse- % men,e-a-"an !i$a" Bosnia masi$ merasa %eran'am 1a#a ! n %e#a$ %er6a(i "ese!a"a%an. Se#ain i% + -en% " ne&ara ,an& se!er%i i% men(a!a%"an %en%an&an "eras (ari Presi(en Bosnia (an Her5e&o*ina+ A#i6a I5e%-e&o*i' ,an& "$a1a%ir (en&an -en% " ne&ara se!er%i i% $an,a a"an men6a(i ne&ara -one"a (ari Ser-ia ma ! n Kroasia. A"$irn,a+ se%e#a$ Ser-ia (i&em! r o#e$ !as "an NATO+ !a(a - #an No*em-er %a$ n 133? Ser-ia (an Bosnia "em-a#i -er n(in& (an me#a" "an !er%em an (i Da,%on Ameri"a Seri"a% ,an& mer !a"an ! n'a" (ari sem a !er%em an ,an& %e#a$ (i !a,a"an PBB+ Uni Ero!a ma ! n ne&ara/ne&ara #ainn,a. Per%em an ini (ise% 6 i (i Pan&"a#an U(ara 9ri&$%/ Pa%%erson (i Da,%on+ O$io. Per%em an %erse- % -er#an&s n& se6a" 1 No*em-er $in&&a 2 No*em-er 133?. Peser%a %aman,a a(a#a$ !resi(en Ser-ia+ S#o-o(an Mi#o@e*iA+ !resi(en Kroasia+ Fran6o T Bman+ !resi(en Bosnia+ A#i6a I5e%-e&o*iA+ "e!a#a ne&osia%or Ameri"a+ Ri'$ar( Ho#-roo"e (an 2en(era# 9es#e, C#ar"?. Per%em an ini men&$asi#"an s a% !er6an6ian ,an& (inama"an !er6an6ian Da,%on+ ses ai (en&an %em!a% (i#an&s n&"ann,a !er%em an. Perse% 6 ann,a ini -ar (i%an(a %an&ani (i Paris+ Peran'is !a(a 1< Desem-er (an

!em-a&ian !o#i%i" Bosnia/Her5e&o*ina saa% ini (an s%r "% r !emerin%a$ann,a mer !a"an $asi# !erse% 6 an (ari Per6an6ian Da,%on. A(a! n isi (ari !er6an6ian Da,%on %erse- %
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a(a#a$D 718 Bosnia Her5e&o*ina %e%a! se-a&ai ne&ara % n&&a# se'ara in%ernasiona#. 728 I- "o%a Sara6e*o %e%a! -ersa% (i -a1a$ 0e(erasi m s#im Bosnia. 7:8 Pen6a$a% !eran& se!er%i ,an& %e#a$ (i%e%a!"an ma$"ama$ in%ernasiona# %i(a" -o#e$ meme&an& 6a-a%an. 7<8 Pen& n&si -er$a" "em-a#i "e %em!a%n,a. 7?8 Pe#a"sanaan !emi# men n&& !er6an6ian Paris. Hasi# (ari !er6an6ian ini#a$ ,an& se"a#i& s mer !a"an (asar (ari "ons%i% si (an "emer(e"aan Bosnia (an Her5e&o*ina.

!!" 2aktor Politik Pas0a (esolusi Konflik Se%e#a$ %er6a(in,a "ese!a"a%an !er(amaian ,an& (i%an(a%an&ani (i Paris+ Pran'is. Bosnia (an Her5e&o*ina mem-en% " s a% ne&ara 0e(era# ,an& %er(iri (ari Fe(erasi Bosnia (an Her5e&o*ina ser%a Re! -#i" Sr!s"a. Ke!a#a ne&aran,a a(a#a$ !resi(en ,an& (i6a-a% o#e$ %i&a oran& (an (i!i#i$ me#a# i s a% !emi#i$an m m. Se(an&"an "e!a#a !emerin%a$ann,a a(a#a$ seoran& Per(ana Men%eri ,an& (i% n6 " o#e$ Presi(en (an (ise% 6 i o#e$ De1an Per1a"i#anEBa(an Le&is#a%i0. Ba(an #e&is#a%i0 sen(iri (i!i#i$ o#e$ ra",a% Bosnia (an Her5e&o*ina me#a# i s a% me"anisme !emi#i$an m mF. Den&an (emi"ian+ ne&ara Bosnia (an Her5e&o*ina memi#i"i s a% !rinsi! %ama (a#am (emo"rasi. Menari"n,a+ se%e#a$ "ons%i% si Bosnia (an Her5e&o*ina (is s n !a(a %a$ n 133? men&a% r %en%an& 6a-a%an "e!resi(enan ,an& -er(asar"an e%nisi%as. Da#am Ar%i"e# V Kons%i% si Bosnia (an Her5e&o*ina (ise- %"an -a$1a " rsi "e!resi(enan (ari Bosnia (an Her5e&o*ina (iisi o#e$ %i&a oran&+ ,a"ni sa% oran& Bosnia'+ sa% oran& Croa%+ ,an& "e( an,a (i!i#i$ (ari Fe(erasi Bosnia (an Her5e&o*ina+ ser%a sa% oran& Ser- ,an& (i!i#i$ (ari Re! -#i" Sr!s"a ,an& mer !a"an -a&ian (ari Bosnia (an Her5e&o*ina. Ke%i&a e%nis %erse- %+ ,a"ni e%nis Bosnia'+ e%nis Ser-+ (an e%nis Croa% (ian&&a! mer !a"an e%nis ma,ori%as ,an& %er(a!a% (i (a#am ne&ara Bosnia (an Her5e&o*ina+ se$in&&a (ian&&a! #a,a" n% " memi#i"i 1a"i# masin&/masin& e%nis n% " ( ( " (an memerin%a$ !a(a 6a-a%an "e!resi(enan. A!a-i#a "i%a ana#isa se'ara men(a#am+ a(an,a -en% " "e!emim!inan ,an& memi#i"i e%nisi%as se!er%i ini memi#i"i "e n% n&an -er !a %ersera!n,a as!irasi (ari se%ia! e%nis
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(i"a%a"an -ai" "arena %er6a(in,a !rinsi! checks and balances ,an& mer !a"an sa#a$ sa%

ma,ori%as ,an& a(a. Kon0#i" e%nis ,an& mem-a1a !er!e'a$an -a&i -an&sa 6 &a (a!a% (i$in(ari. Ha# ini men&in&a% a(an,a #a%ar-e#a"an& se6ara$ ser%a %ra ma ,an& (ia#ami o#e$ ra",a% Bosnia (an Her5e&o*ina %er$a(a! "on0#i" e%nis ,an& me1arnai a1a# -er(irin,a ne&ara ini. Se#ain i% + a(an,a 6a-a%an !resi(en ,an& -erasa# (ari an&&o%a ne&ara Bosnia (an Her5e&o*ina+ ,a"ni Re! -#i" Sr!s"a+ men6amin a(an,a s a% "e$armonisan ser%a siner&isi%as (i (a#am ne&eri. Ha# ini -er-e(a (en&an Uni So*ie% ,an& $an,a men6a(i"an re! -#i"/re! -#i" (an ne&ara/ne&ara ,an& -era(a (i -a1a$ "e" asann,a men6a(i %a" #e-i$ (ari se"e(ar ne&ara -one"a ,an& minim "e" asaan. Ne&ara/ne&ara %erse- % (i -a1a$ Uni So*ie% $an,a men6a(i a#a% (ari $e&emoni Krem#in (en&an se(i"i% a%a memi#i"i !osisi %a1ar se'ara !o#i%is. Nam n (i sisi #ain+ mo(e# !resi(ensi ,an& memi#i"i %i&a oran& (an -erasa# (ari %i&a e%nis ,an& -er-e(a se!er%i ,an& (i%era!"an (i Bosnia (an Her5e&o*ina ini memi#i"i s a% -a$a,an,a %ersen(iri. Resi"o ,an& !er%ama a(a#a$ a(an,a -a$a,a %im- #n,a "e'em- r an (ari e%nis minori%as ,an& %i(a" memi#i"i 1a"i#n,a (i 6a-a%an "e!resi(enan. Se#ain i% ine0isiensi (a#am $a# !er m san ma ! n !e#a"sanaan "e-i6a"an 6 &a (a!a% %er6a(i a!a-i#a %i(a" a(an,a a% ran main 7rule of the game8 ,an& 6e#as. Den&an a(an,a %i&a !en6a-a% !resi(en+ !emerin%a$an ,an& %er6a(i (a!a% -ersi0a% %i(a" e0e"%i0 "arena mem- % $"an a(an,a s a% "onsens s %er#e-i$ (a$ # (ian%ara "e%i&a !resi(en %erse- % se-e# m s a% "e-i6a"an (a!a% (i! % s"an. Dam!a" 6an&"a !an6an& ,an& (a!a% %er6a(i a(a#a$ a(an,a !er -a$an "om!osisi mas,ara"a%+ se$in&&a e%nis ,an& se-e# mn,a mer !a"an e%nis ma,ori%as -er -a$ men6a(i e%nis minori%as+ -e&i% ! #a se-a#i"n,a. Per -a$an "om!osisi mas,ara"a% ini (a!a% menim- #"an s a% !emerin%a$ men& -a$ "ons%i% si ne&ara. !er(e-a%an -ar ,an& (a!a% mema"sa -a$"an %an!a

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Dari !en6a-aran ,an& %e#a$ (ise- %"an (a#am ma"a#a$ ini+ ma"a (a!a% (iam-i# "esim! #an se-a&ai -eri" %D 1. E%nis (i 1i#a,a$ -e"as ) &os#a*ia ,an& ama% ma6em "+ men,e-a-"an ren%ann,a ne&ara %erse- % %er$a(a! !er!e'a$an (an (isin%e&rasi ne&ara. Ter %ama a!a-i#a %i(a" a(an,a soso" ,an& memi#i"i "e!emim!inan ,an& " a% se!er%i 2ose!$ Bro5 Ti%o. Se#ain e%nis ,an& ama% -era&am+ ) &os#a*ia 6 &a memi#i"i "om!osisi mas,ara"a%n,a ,an& memi#i"i #a%ar -e#a"an& a&ama -er-e(a ! #a. Ha# ini ma"in men, #i%"an %er6a(in,a !roses !en,a% an (i an%ara 1ar&a ) &os#a*ia i% sen(iri. 2. Se%e#a$ "ema%ian Ti%o+ %er6a(i a"si se!ara%is (an '$a *inis (ari S#o-o(an Mi#ose*i'$ ,an& -er'i%a/'i%a men(iri"an ne&ara Ser-ia Ra,a ,an& %er(iri (ari e%nis Ser-ia (i a%as 1i#a,a$ ) &os#a*ia. Ga&asan ini#a$ ,an& "em (ian mem- a% ne&ara/ne&ara ,an& -ar sa6a memer(e"a"an (iri (ari ) &os#a*ia men&a#ami "on0#i" -ersen6a%a ,an& (i#a%ar-e#a"an&i o#e$ s a% si0a% e%nonasiona#isme. :. Posisi &eo&ra0is Bosnia (an Her5e&o*ina ,an& -era(a (i an%ara Kroasia/S#o*enia ser%a Ser-ia men6a(i"an 1i#a,a$ ini (aera$ ,an& (i!ere- %"an o#e$ "e( a -e#a$ !i$a". Ke%i(a"mam! an se'ara mi#i%er men,e-a-"an "e$an' ran (i Bosnia (an Her5e&o*ina sema"in 0a%a#. <. A(an,a "en,%aan -a$1a se-a&ian -esar !en( ( " Bosnia (an Her5e&o*ina meme# " a&ama Is#am men6a(i sa#a$ sa% #an(asan %er6a(in,a !em-ersi$an e%nis 7e%$ni' '#eansin&8 se#ama -e-era!a %a$ n ,an& (i#a" "an o#e$ %en%ara Ser-ia ,an& ma,ori%as mer !a"an !eme# " a&ama "ris%en Ka%o#i". ?. In%er*ensi (ari #em-a&a/#em-a&a In%ernasiona# se!er%i PBB+ Uni Ero!a+ ma ! n NATO %e%a!#a$ (i- % $"an se#ama !roses !er(amaian (an n% " me#in( n&i $a"/$a" 1ar&a si!i# ,an& -era(a (i 1i#a,a$ ,an& se(an& -er"on0#i". F. Ben% " 6a-a%an !resi(en ,an& %er(iri (ari : oran& (imana masin&/masin& oran& (i!i#i$ -er(asar"an e%nisis%asn,a se!er%i ,an& %er6a(i (i Bosnia (an Her5e&o*ina+ mem-a1a (am!a" !osi%i0 -er !a %er1a"i#"ann,a e%nis ma,ori%as (i (a#am 6a-a%an e"se" %i0. Nam n+ se#ain (am!a" !osi%i0 %erse- %+ -en% " "e!resi(enan ,an& (emi"ian men,im!an resi"o -er !a ine0isiensi !emerin%a$an. !3" $A2+A( P%.+AKA
9

Kons%i% si Fe(erasi Bosnia (an Her5e&o*ina %a$ n 133?. G#enn,+ Mis$a. The Fall of Yugoslavia. Ne1 )or". Pen& in Boo"sD 1332. Ha##+ Brian. The Impossible Country. Bos%on. Da*i( R. Go(ine+ P -#is$erD 133<. Ta 0iG #$a(i+ T. enembus !ara"evo# $esaksian Pembersihan %tnis di &osnia. 2a"ar%a. PT

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