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bersama untuk membentuk rantai polimer). Pengesetan ini oleh grup "pendant"
telah membuat plastik menjadi bagian tak terpisahkan di kehidupan abad 21
dengan memperbaiki properti dari polimer tersebut.
Pengembangan plastik berasal dari penggunaan material alami (seperti:
permen karet, "shellac") sampai ke material alami yang dimodifikasi secara kimia
(seperti: karet alami, "nitrocellulose") dan akhirnya ke molekul buatan manusia
(seperti: epoxy, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene).
Termoplastik
Merupakan jenis plastik yang bisa didaur ulang/dicetak lagi
dengan proses pemanasan ulang.
Contoh: polietilen (PE), polistiren (PS), ABS, polikarbonat (PC)
Termosetting
Merupakan jenis plastik yang tidak bisa didaur ulang/dicetak
lagi. Pemanasan ulang akan menyebabkan kerusakan
molekul-molekulnya.
Contoh: resin epoksi, bakelit, resin melamin, ureaformaldehida
Plastik komoditas
sifat mekanik tidak terlalu bagus
tidak tahan panas
Contohnya: PE, PS, ABS, PMMA, SAN
Aplikasi: barang-barang elektronik, pembungkus makanan,
botol minuman
Plastik teknik
Tahan panas, temperatur operasi di atas 100 C
Sifat mekanik bagus
Contohnya: PA, POM, PC, PBT
Aplikasi: komponen otomotif dan elektronik
Plastik teknik khusus
Temperatur operasi di atas 150 C
Sifat mekanik sangat bagus (kekuatan tarik di atas 500
Kgf/cm)
Contohnya: PSF, PES, PAI, PAR
3 MEB
Polimer alami
Kayu
kulit binatang
kapas
karet alam
rambut
Polimer sintetis
Tidak terdapat secara alami: nylon, poliester, polipropilen,
polistiren
Terdapat di alam tetapi dibuat oleh proses buatan: karet
sintetis
Polimer alami yang dimodifikasi: seluloid, cellophane (bahan
dasarnya dari selulosa tetapi telah mengalami modifikasi
secara radikal sehingga kehilangan sifat-sifat kimia dan fisika
asalnya)
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2. THERMOPLASTIC POLYMERS
Termoplastik adalah jenis plastik yang menjadi lunak jika dipanaskan dan
akan mengeras jika didinginkan dan proses ini bisa dilakukan berulang kali.
Nama termoplastik diperoleh dari sifat plastik ini yang bisa dibentuk ulang
dengan proses pemanasan. Secara sederhana termoplastik adalah jenis plastik
yang bisa didaur ulang.
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dan kekerasan yang baik. Fasa kedua terdiri dari partikel karet polibutadiena
yang terdistribusi seragam dalam matrik SAN dan memberikan sifat kenyal dari
ABS.
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2.1.3 Aplikasi
Refrigerators
o Doors and food liners for the interior surface of the refrigerator.
Medium impact extrusion and molding grades, including clear ABS, are
used in crisper pans, breaker strips, shelves, shelf supports, evaporator
parts trays, and kick plates.
Automotive Applications
o Instrument panels, armrests, interior trim panels, seat belt retainers,
glove compartment doors, and lift gates. ABS plating grades are used
in wheel covers, grilles, headlight, mirror housings, and decorative
trim.
Drain
o Waste, vent pipes, pipe fittings, and pool filter housings.
Telecommunications
o Telephone housings,
keyboard keys.
mobile
phones,
typewriter
housings,
and
Household Items
o Countertops, sinks, and tub surrounds, roof mounted air conditioning
units.
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equipment,
computer
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Recreational
o Motorcycle fairing, sailboats, airplanes, campers, hard-sided luggage,
and picnic cooler liners.
Other Applications
o Briefcases, cosmetic cases,
photograpic equipment
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household
packaging,
toys,
and
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2.2.3 Aplikasi
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Industrial
o Conveyor links and slats, cams, bearings, wear stops, hose connectors,
valve bodies, pumps (housings, pistons, valves and impellers) and
gears.
3 MEB
Automotive
o Fuel handling systems
Filler caps, level sensors, floats, pumps and reservoirs
o Trims
Seat belt buckle housings, window cranks, shift lever handles,
knobs, buttons, mounting clips, visor mounting brackets, levers,
exterior door pulls, mirror housings, brackets, bumper strip end
plugs, and antenna bases
o Instrument panel components
Cluster gears, bearings, housings, cable connectors, slide plates,
and panel locks
o Under the hood components
Fans, fan blades, dashpot housings, and tubing connectors
Appliances
o Refrigerators
Shelving clips, brackets, bearings, and gears
o Washers and dryers
Gears, bearings, wear strips, instrument housings, and hose
connectors
o Dishwashers
Rack rollers, spray nozzles, soap dispensers and filter supports
Home Electronics:
o Keyboards
Key caps, plungers, guides, and base plates
o Telephones
Push buttons, gears, bearings, and springs
o Modular components
Clips, peg boards, connectors, wear strips for drawers, latch
springs, and clamps
o Audio and video tape players and recorders
Tape hubs, guide rollers, cams, gears, bushings, and bearings
Plumbing
o Water meters
Housings, cams, gears, dials, and pressure plates
o Faucets
Underbodies, cartridges, stems, packing nuts, and waterways
o Water softeners
Pump housings, pistons, impellers, and valves
o Filters
Bodies, plates, and screens
o Pressure regulators
Bodies, stems, knobs, and pressure plates
o Potable water distributors
Fittings, drain valves, stop valves, and metal pipe adapters
Consumer
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Hardware
o Drapery and venetian blind guides, hangers, rollers, bearings, furniture
casters, slide plates and locks, tool holders, bearings, gears, and
housings
Irrigation
o Sprinkler nozzles, arms, gears, housings, waterways, pump housings,
impellers, pistons, metering valve bodies, knobs, stems, and internal
components
Agriculture
o Shift levers and housings, hydraulic connectors, bearings, gears, and
seed application disks
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Personnel care
Mascara, perfume, and deodorant containers, combs, aerosol
valves, soap dispensers, and cosmetic applicator handles
Small appliances
Motor gears, cams, bearings, pumps, glue applicators, housings,
and springs
Toys
Shells, frames, gears, bearings, cams, springs, wheels, and
connectors
Sporting goods
Ski bindings, gears, bearings, guides, wear plates, clamps, pump
components, valves, and buckles
3 MEB
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2.3.3 Aplikasi
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Automobile
o Tail lights, parking light lenses, decorative emblems, medallions, and
name plates
Household
o Light fixtures, picture frames, and decorative articles
Transparent Items
o Available in a rainbow of sparkling colors, ideal for packaging, jewelry,
and signs
Electronics
o Used on print circuit board coating applications
3 MEB
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Penyerapan uap air yang lebih rendah untuk jenis Nylon 6 dan nylon 6/6
Stabilitas dimensi yang baik
Sifat mekanik yang sangat baik
Sifat Pemuluran yang rendah
Ketahanan yang sangat baik terhadap bahan kimia
High Temperature performance, HTN menggunakan part polyster dan part
nylon, yang mana suhu lelehnya 50 F lebih tinggi dari nylon 6/6
High glass transition temperature (257 F)
Kemampuan yang Baik dalam proses injection Molding
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2.4.3 Aplikasi
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Transformer tri-clamp
Windows lift motor housing
Automotive safety: air bag sensor housings, ABS (brake sensors), speed and
temperature sensors
Solenoid coil bobbins
Connector lamp sockets
Automotive engine and transmission bearings, thrust washers, timing gears,
valve stems and retainers, seal rings, piston skirts, and lifter wear pads
3 MEB
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2.5.3 Aplikasi
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Packaging
o Films
Sporting Goods
o Golf balls, bowling pins, ski boots components, sport footwear, roller
skates, skis, and bowling machine components
Automotive Components
o Air dams, bumper guards, metal-ionomer (foamed) laminates for
decorative fascia, large tonnage brackets for engine and transmission
shipment between assembly plants
Industrial
o Hand tools, machine components, steps for marine ladders, and buoy
applications
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Weld line sangat lemah, karena sifat kekakuan dari molekul akan
mencegah penyebaran molekul di seluruh bagian depan lelehan untuk
memperkuat weld line
LCP resin yang tidak di ubah (modif), sangat mudah untuk menyesuaikan,
yang mana permukaannya dapat terkelupas. Resin harus ditangani
dengan perhatian lebih.
Perbedaan dalam koefisien pemuaian yang disebabkan oleh perbedaan
derajat dan arah dari penyesuaian molekul, dapat menyebabkan benda
melenting.
Masalah ketahahan terhadap impact disebabkan oleh nilai yang berlebihan
dari kelembaban selama proses. Kelembaban maksimal adalah 0.01 %
untuk molding yang disarankan, dan dapat menggunakan pengering suhu
tinggi (hopper dryer)
2.6.3 Aplikasi
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2.7.3 Aplikasi
Transportation
o This segment represents the largest single market for nylons.
Applications for unreinforced materials include electrical connectors,
wire jackets, emission canisters, and light duty gears for windshield
wipers and speedometers. Toughened nylons are used as stone shields
and trim clips. Glass reinforced nylons are used for engine fans,
radiator headers, brake and power steering fluid reservoirs, valve
covers, sensors, and fuel injectors. Mineral reinforced resins are used
for mirror housings and tire hub covers. A combination of glass and
minerals serve in exterior parts, such as fender extensions.
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Appliances
o Nylons are used not only for electrical components, but also for
mechanical parts, housings, and other applications in power tools,
washers, and various small appliances.
Telecommunication Applications
o Relays, fittings, and connections.
Industrial
o Hammer handles, mowing machine parts, unlubricated gears, bearings,
anti-friction parts, and a variety of applications requiring snap fits or
spring load assembling.
Consumer Products
o Toughened nylon applications such as ski boots, ice and roller skate
supports, racket sports equipment, bicycle wheels, kitchen utensils,
toys and photographic equipment.
Nylon Films
o They are widely used for packaging meats and cheeses and for cook-in
bags and pouches. Nylon films are also used as an enclosure for the
thermoset fabrication of small airplane wings.
Nylon Tubing
o They are used to convey brake fluids, refrigerants, or as lining for
flexible cables.
Extrusion
o Sheets, rods and machining stock shapes.
Nylon 11 or 12
3 MEB
Encapsulated nylon
o for spline shafts, automotive engine timing
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Ketahanan Kimia yang sangat baik terhadap sebagian hydrocarbons, nonaromatic alcohols, dan fully halogenated solvents
Ketahanan kimia yang baik terhadap asam mineral
Stabilitas Hidrolisi yang baik untuk air mendidih dan steam autoclaving
untuk sterilisasi (penyerapan air yang rendah)
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2.8.3 Aplikasi
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Automotive
o Temperature and fuel sensors, air handling devices, and metal-lized
reflectors
Packaging
o Steam resistant, thermal stability, microwave resistant and compliance
to Food and Drug Administration requirements
Aircraft
o
PEIs are used as interior materials both in sheet and molded forms.
The resin is available in a variety of formulations primarily to improve
chemical resistance and impact properties to meet both FAA
regulations for heat release and airframe manufacturer standards for
smoke and toxicity. FAA compliant blow molding grades are also
available.
3 MEB
Industrial Applications
o Corrosion resistant fluid and air handling compo-nents, mechanical
couplers, and threaded fasteners.
Medical
o Surgical staplers and other tool housings, handles, non-implant
devices, and trays.
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Ketahanan yang baik terhadap suhu panas dan dingin, kekuatan terhadap
impact, dan stabilitas dimensi
Permukaan halus yang sangat baik dapat digunakan untuk aplikasi
metallization
Ketahanan jangka panjang yang sangat baik terhadap cuaca
Ketahanan yang sangat baik terhadap bensin dan minyak
Ketahanan yang sangat baik terhadap api, dapat diwarnai dan transparan
Kemampuan yang sangat baik dalam melindungi dari listrik
Kemampuan sterilisasi yang sangat baik terhadap Gamma
3 MEB
2.9.3 Aplikasi
Automotive
o Headlight housings and brake light reflectors, exterior trim parts, and
alloy PAR body panels
Safety Equipment
o Fire helmets, helmet face shields, mining light covers, and traffic signal
lenses
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Memiliki modulus elastis yang sangat baik dan tensile strength retention
Sifat Panas yang sangat baik
Tidak mudah terbakar dan sedikit menghasilkan asap
UL-94 Rating, without flame retardant additives
UL secara terus menerus digunakan pada temperatur 480 F
Sifat Elektrikal yang baik
3 MEB
2.10.3 Aplikasi
Chemical Processing
o Pump components and oil seals
Industrial Equipment
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2.11.3 Aplikasi
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Appliances
o Food processors, electrical kitchen components, power tool housings,
refrigerator drawers, and vacuum cleaner components
Transportation
o Tail and head lights, signal light lenses and housings, runway markers,
blow molded spoilers, instrument panels, and seat backs
Food Service
o Microwave cookware, serving trays, mugs, pitchers, water bottles, baby
bottles, and institutional storage containers
Medical
o Tubing connectors, dialysis components and devices, blood oxy-gena
tors, filter housings, lenses, gamma sterilization appliances, and
surgical staplers
Sheet Products
o Institutional and mass transit glazing signs, aircraft interior panels, and
greenhouse windows
Industrial
o Mailboxes, material handling containers, and highway de linea-tions
3 MEB
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Kejernihan Optik
Permukaan Halus
Tersedia Tingkat (Grades) dari FDA
Dapat diproses oleh semua metode termoplastik
Harga murah
Stabilitas Dimensi yang baik
Kekakuan yang baik
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2.12.3 Aplikasi
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2.13.3 Aplikasi
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Construction
o Pipe, conduit, fittings, siding windows, doors
Consumer Use
o Appliances, luggage, handbags, baby pants, footwear, tablecloths,
adhesive tape, labels, notebook covers. and credit cards
Automotive Applications
3 MEB
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2.14.3 Aplikasi
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Packaging
o Packaging films, rigid and semi-rigid packaging products
Transportation
o Automotive fuel tanks
Medical
o Hygiene products, medical application trays, and containers
Consumer
o Toys, blow molded bottles, bottle caps, household goods, kitchen
Utensils
Appliances
o Portable containers, outdoor furniture, and irrigation
Industrial
o Pipes, connectors, buckets, containers, processing equipment, and
hardware items for construction
Electrical
o Wire and cable insulations
3 MEB
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2.15.3 Aplikasi
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Aerospace Industry
o Low weight and stress crack resistance of PTFE, FEP, and ETFE are used
for hose and tubing for hydraulic, fuel, oil, pneumatic, and oxygen
systems. Dielectric strength, low dissipation factor, and low dielectric
constant are used for printed circuit board laminates in military
defence and commercial flight communications equipment. Resistance
to severe chemicals, low coefficient of friction, and compressibility is
used for sealing applications in turbine engines, alternators, and rotary
actuators.
Automotive
o Power steering and transmission seals and rings. Mechanical control
cable and fuel hose linings, head gasket coatings. Shaft, compressor,
and shock absorber seals. ETFE is extruded into wire harness conduit to
protect wire assemblies from high engine temperatures and abrasion. It
is also used in shielding applications to serve as a barrier against heat
in underthe-hood applications.
Petrochemicals
o Lining pipes, valves, pumps, tanks, tubing, fittings, column packing,
and processing equipment.
3 MEB
Medical
o Vascular grafts, cardiovascular patches, surgical membranes, soft
tissue patches, sutures, ligaments, catheters, and piping systems for
the laboratories.
Semiconductor Manufacturing
o PFA and PVDF are used for piping, pumps, and valves in clean room
fluid handling systems. Filter cartridges with PTFE or PVDF membrane
elements are used for filters, which are supported by other components
that are injection molded from PFA or PVDF. Wafer carriers, processing
cassettes, wet bench equipment, rinse tanks, counter tops, sinks, and
55 gallon drum liners. PFA is used for packaging and shipping clean
room processing chemicals, storage, and transportation of waste
chemicals.
Other Applications
o Nonstick cookware, coating and impregnation of valve and pump
packing, coating on glass cloth provides outstanding weathering and
ultraviolet radiation resistance. PTFE coated glass fabric is used as
building roof covering material. Fluoropolymers are used as a
breathable waterproof in protective clothing, filtration screening, and
mist separators.
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2.16.3 Aplikasi
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3. THERMOSET POLYMERS
Merupakan jenis plastik yang tidak bisa didaur ulang/dicetak lagi.
Pemanasan ulang akan menyebabkan kerusakan molekul-molekulnya. Polimer
thermosetting adalah polimer network. Mereka menjadi keras secara permanen
selama pembentukannya dan tidak melunak ketika dipanaskan. Polimer network
mempunyai crosslink kovalen di antara rantai polimer yang berdekatan. Selama
pemanasan, ikatan ini mengikat rantai polimer menjadi satu untuk menahan
gerakan vibrasi dan rotasi rantai pada temperature tinggi. Hal inilah yang
menjadi penyebab mengapa material tidak melunak ketika dipanaskan. Crosslink
biasanya dominan, 10 hingga 50% unit pengulanang rantai mengalami crosslink.
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3.1.3 Aplikasi
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Sifat isolator elektrik yang sangat baik, daya hambat volume, kekuatan
bahan isolator, dan tahan terhadap arc (bunga api)
Ketahanan terhadap embun/uap yang baik
Tersedia jenis yang tahan api dan mampu memadamkan sendiri
Defleksi panas temperatur dari 450-5500 F pada tekanan 264 psi
Ketahanan yang baik terhadap bahan kimia jenis asam lemah atau asam
kuat, alkali, dan bahan pelrut organik
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3.2.3 Aplikasi
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Ketahanan yang buruk terhadap bahan kimia jenis Asam kuat dan alkali
Bahan tambah dengan fiber glas atau mineral, terbatas dalam
ketersediaan warna dan spesifikasi gravity nya tinggi
Memerlukan alat untuk menghilangkan embun pada saat pemanasan
(Proses Drying)
3.3.3 Aplikasi
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Electrical Industry
o Circuit breaker arc chutes and a great variety of other electrical
wiring devices, wall plates, switch toggles, closures, buttons, stove
hardware, and small housings.
Common Applications
o Dinnerware for household and institutional use, ashtrays, office
accessories, clothing buttons, and jewelry
3 MEB
Ketahanan yang buruk terhadap bahan kimia pelarut, alkali, dan jamur
Penyerapan embun air yang tinggi dan dapat ditembus air
Ketahanan yang buruk terhadap cuaca dalam jangka waktu yang lama
Mudah terbakar
3.4.2 Aplikasi
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3.5 Cyanate
3.5.1 General Properties of Cyanate
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3.5.3 Aplikasi
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Keseimbangan yang sangat baik dari sifat fisik, suhu, kimia dan elektrikal
Range suhu yang sesuai pada suhu 73 sampai 350 0F
Pelekatan yang sangat baik pada suhu tinggi
Cocok untuk semua metode proses thermosetting
3 MEB
3.6.3 Aplikasi
General Purpose
o DGEBA is the preferred material. The choice of curing agents includes
aromatic and aliphatic amines or anhydrides, because they provide the
best balance of cost and performance. Applications include pipes,
automotive accessories, adhesives, composites, coatings, and sporting
goods.
Electrical
o Epoxies are used to prepare printed wiring boards and electronic
encapsulations, which represent the most important applications.
Because flame retardancy is a requirement in these applications, a
specialty halogenated epoxy is often used. The curing agent is often
an amine curing agent known as dicyandiamide, which needs a cure
accelerator, such as N,N-dimethylbenzylamine.
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3.7.3 Aplikasi
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Industrial
o Plywood and particle board, brake and clutch linings, fiberglass,
cellulose, foam insulation, grinding wheels and coated abrasives,
adhesives and glues, coatings and varnishes, electrical and decorative
laminates
Electrical
o Wiring devices, switch gear, circuit breaker, commutators, brush
holders, and connectors
3 MEB
Appliances
o Knobs, handles, and heated components for toasters, broilers, and
steam irons, motor housings, and timer cases
Automotive
o Disc brake caliper pistons, power assist braking components, accessory
drive pulleys, water pump housings, solenoids, ashtrays, and
transmission components
Special Purpose
o Single stage materials are also used for pump housings, vaporizers,
steam irons, closures, and to hermetically seal encapsulation for
electrical devices
Penggunaannya luas
Sifat elektrik yang baik
Variasi yang luas dalam struktur molekul untuk flexibe atau rigid system
Tersedia jenis yang Transparant
Ketahanan yang baik terhadap bahan kimia
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3.8.2 Aplikasi
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Medical Implant
Electronics
o Room temperature vulcanized materials include potting gel, removable
and permanent encapsulation, dielectric gels and/or oils, conformal
coatings, calculator and computer touch pads, and insulation.
Thermally and electrically conductive products are available for
electromagnetic interference and radio frequency interference
(EMI/RFI) shielding applications.
Molded Parts
o SI is used for high temperature service or in applications that utilize
their chemical and weathering resistance. It is used for seals, gaskets,
and mechanical diaphragms. HCR matrices can be reinforced with
fabrics or fibers for sheeting and tubes, covered roller, and conveyor
belts.
Cosmetic Industry
o Silicones provide the non-greasy, lubricious texture in lotions, hair
preparations, antiperspirants, shaving creams, and lipstick.
Pharmaceutical
o SI is used in ointment bases, over-the-counter medicines, and as tablet
lubricants. SIs are used as reactive blocking agents for specialty
syntheses of many drugs.
Industrial
o Silicone fluids as anti-foaming agents include use in detergent
manufacturing processes, fermentation, adhesive and sealant
3 MEB
Textile Industry
o Yarn lubricants in high speed knitting and milling applica-tions,
ingredients in fabric finish formulations.
Polymer Additive
o Used as internal lubricants, external mold releases, and processing
aids. Silicone fluids and/or silanes are ingredients in automotive
polishes, furniture polishes, and masonry water repellents.
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