Operasi Himpunan
Gabungan (Union)
Notasi : A UB = { x | x A atau x B }
Contoh-1
A = { 2, 3, 5, 7, 8}
B = { 0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, }
A UB = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
A UC = {2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 14, 15}
B UC = {
A UD = {
B UD = {
C UD = {
Irisan (Intersection)
Notasi :
A B = { x | x A dan x B }
Contoh :
A = { 2, 3, 5, 7, 8}
B = { 0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6 }
C = { 10, 11, 14, 15}
D = {Kucing, 14, M }
E = {1, 2, 5, 9 }
Maka :
A B = {2, 5}
E B = { 1, 2, 5}
AE={ ? }
DC={ ? }
Selisih (Difference)
Notasi : A B = { x | x A dan x B }
Contoh
A = {2,3,4,6,7,9}
B = {1,2,3,5,6,8,9,10}
C = {3,5,9}
Maka : A B = {4,7}
B A = {1,5,8,10}
AC={
BC={
CB={
Beda Setangkup
Notasi: A B = { x | (x A atau x B) dan X (A B) }
A B = (A U B) (A B)
A B = (A - B) U (B - A)
Contoh:
A = {1,2,3,5,6,8,9,10}
B = {3,7,9,11}
C = {1,3,5,7,9,11}
D = {0,1,2,5,6,7,9,12}
AD={
Komplemen (Complement)
Notasi : A = { x | x A dan x U }
Contoh :
A = { 2, 3, 5, 6, 8)
B = {1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 9, 13}
Ac
B = {3,5, 8,11,12,14}
3
11
B
4 13
6
7
2
9
1
14 10 12
Contoh:
A = {1,2,3}
B = {x,y}
C = {a,b,c}
Maka : A X B = {(1,x), (1,y), (2,x), (2,y), (3,x), (3,y)}
AXC={
1. Hukum identitas:
A = A
A U = A
2. Hukum null/dominasi:
A =
A U = U
3. Hukum komplemen:
A A = U
A A =
4. Hukum idempoten:
A A = A
A A = A
5. Hukum involusi:
( A) = A
7. Hukum komutatif:
A B = B A
A B = B A
9. Hukum distributif:
A (B C) = (A
B) (A C)
A (B C) = (A
B) (A C)
11. Hukum 0/1
= U
U =
6. Hukum penyerapan
(absorpsi):
A (A B) = A
A (A B) = A
8. Hukum asosiatif:
A (B C) = (A B)
C
A (B C) = (A B)
C
10. Hukum De Morgan:
A B = A B
A B = A B
Dua Himpunan
Jika A dan B adalah himpunan-himpunan berhingga,
maka A UB dan A B juga berhingga, dan
| A UB | = |A| + |B| - | A B |
Banyaknya elemen hasil penggabungan dua
himpunan A dan B sama dengan banyaknya elemen
himpunan A ditambah dengan banyaknya elemen
himpuanan B, dikurangi dengan banyaknya elemen
hasil irisan A dan B
Tiga Himpunan
Jika A, B, dan C adalah himpunan-himpunan
berhingga, maka
| A UB UC | = |A| + |B| + |C| - |A B| |A C| - |B C| + A B C |
Misal:
A
8
3
6
b) |A| = 25 |A B|= 11
8
|B| = 26
|A C|= 9
|C| = 26
|B C|= 8 |A B C|= 3
10
12
5
C
Himpunan Semesta
( (B C) Ac )