Tugas Pendahuluan Praktikum Kimia Organik

Percobaan 2. Identifikasi Gugus Fungsional Senyawa Organik

1. Uji kimia ketidak jenuhan
a. Reaksi dengan Brom
Heksena
H

H
CH3

H3C

Br Br

H
(2E)-hex-2-ene

bromine

Tidak berwarna
Toluena

Merah kecoklatan

CH3

bromine

methylbenzene

Br Br

Aseton
O
H3C

CH3

bromine

propan-2-one

Etanol
H3C

OH

Br Br
bromine

ethanol

Br Br

Bensaldehida
CHO

+
benzaldehyde

b. Oksida dengan KMnO4

Heksena

Br

Br

bromine

H3C

CH3

Br

Br
2,3-dibromohexane

Tidak berwarna

OH

H
CH3

H3C

2KMnO 4

4H 2O

H3C

CH3

H
hexane-2,3-diol

H
(2E)-hex-2-ene

OH

2MnO 2

coklat

Toluena
CH3

KMnO 4

KMnO 4

methylbenzene

Aseton
O
H3C

CH3

propan-2-one

Etanol
H3C

OH

KMnO 4

ethanol

Bensaldehida
CHO

KMnO 4

COOH

benzoic acid

benzaldehyde

2. Uji adanya halogen

a. Reagen: AgNO3
Klorobensena
Cl

O
AgNO 3

N
O

chlorobenzene

phenyl nitrate

AgCl

endapan putih

2KOH

n-butil klorida
O
Cl

CH3

H3C

O
AgNO 3

CH3

H3C

2-chlorobutane

AgCl

butan-2-yl nitrate

kloroform
CHCl 3

AgNO 3

bensil klorida
O
Cl

AgNO 3

AgCl

phenyl nitrate

(chloromethyl)benzene

endapan putih

endapan putih

bensoil klorida

t-butil bromida
b. Reagen: NaI
klorobensena
Cl

NaI

chlorobenzene

n-butil klorida
Cl

CH3

H3C

I
NaI
H3C

2-chlorobutane

CH3

2-iodobutane

kloroform
CHCl 3

bensilklorida

NaI

NaCl

Cl

NaI

bensoil klorida
CO 2Cl

CO 2I

NaCl

[(iodooxy)carbonyl]benzene

t-butil bromide
H3C
Br
H3C

CH3

H3C
NaI
H3C

OH

H2CrO 4

NaBr

CH3

2-iodo-2-methylpropane

3. Uji adanya OH alcohol

a. Reagen: larutan asam kromat
metanol
H3C

2-bromo-2-methylpropane

H2SO4

methanol

NaI

[(chlorooxy)carbonyl]benzene

NaCl

(iodomethyl)benzene

(chloromethyl)benzene

OH
formic acid

2Cr 2(SO 4)3

13H 2O

etanol
H3C

OH
ethanol

H2CrO 4

H2SO4

OH

2Cr 2(SO 4)3

2Cr 2(SO 4)3

H3C

13H 2O

acetic acid

2-butanol
OH
CH3

H3C

H2CrO 4

O
H2SO 4
H3C

butan-2-ol

1-hydroxypropan-2-one

metil klorida
H3C

aseton

Cl

OH

H2CrO 4

H2SO 4

13H 2O

H3C

H2CrO 4

H2SO 4

CH3
propan-2-one

b. Reagen: asetil klorida

Methanol
H3C

HCl

CH3

Cl
acetyl chloride

propan-2-one

Etanol
O

H3C

OH
ethanol

H3C

H3C

methanol

OH

H3C

H3C
Cl
acetyl chloride

HCl

CH3
butan-2-one

2-butanol
O

OH
CH3

H3C

butan-2-ol

H3C
Cl
acetyl chloride

H3C

CH3
CH3
3-methylpentan-2-one

metil klorida
H3C

Cl

O
H3C
Cl
acetyl chloride

aseton
O
H3C
CH3
propan-2-one

O
H3C
Cl
acetyl chloride

4. Uji aldehida dan keton

a. Reagen: 2,4-dinitofenilhidrazin

HCl

Aseton
NO 2

NO 2

H3C

O 2N

NH

O 2N

CH3

NH2

propan-2-one

(2,4-dinitrophenyl)hydrazine

NH

CH3

H2O

CH3
1-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-2-(propan-2-ylidene)hydrazine

Bensaldehida
NO 2

NO 2

CHO

O 2N

NH

O2N

NH

NH2

H2O

(2,4-dinitrophenyl)hydrazine

benzaldehyde

(1E)-1-benzylidene-2-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)hydrazine

Butiraldehida
NO 2
H3C

O 2N

NO 2
NH
NH2

O 2N

NH

H2O

(2,4-dinitrophenyl)hydrazine

O
butanal

CH3
(1E)-1-butylidene-2-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)hydrazine

Asetofenon

CH3

1-phenylethanone

b. Tes Fehling
Aseton

NO 2

NO 2

O 2N

NH
NH2

O 2N

NH

H2O

N
CH3

(2,4-dinitrophenyl)hydrazine (2Z)-1-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-2-(1-phenylethylidene)hydrazine

H3C

5OH

2Cu

2+

CH3
propan-2-one

Bensaldehida
O
CHO

5OH

2Cu

2+

Cu 2O

3H 2O

Cu 2O

Butiraldehida
H3C

5OH

2Cu

2+

H3C

Asetofenon
O
CH3

1-phenylethanone

c. Tes Tollen
Aseton
Bensaldehida
Butiraldehida
asetofenon
5. Uji Fenol
2-butanol
Fenol
1-propanol
etanol

O
butanoic acid

butanal

benzoic acid

benzaldehyde

5OH

2Cu

2+

3H 2O