1
Pengaruh Tekanan pada Perencanaan Casing
2.1.2.1Tekanan Burst
Surface Casing
Beban burst untuk surface casing ditimbulkan oleh kolom gas
yangmengisi seluruh panjang casing.
Tekanan Pada kaki casing
IP = 0.052 (Gfr + SF) D
IP = 0.052 (Gfr + 1) Ls
Dimana :
IP
= tekanan injeksi, psi
Gfr
= gradien tekanan rekah, ppg
SF
= safety factor, ppg
D
= kedalaman, ft
Ls
= panjang surface casing, ft
Intermediate Casing
Beban burst di dalam intermediate casing dibentuk oleh dua
macam fluida yaitu lumpur terberat yang akan digunakan dan gas.
di permukaan:
Ps = PBOP
di kaki casing
IP = 0.052 (Gfr + 1) D (8)
IP = 0.052 (Gfr + 1) Li (9)
Dimana :
Ps = tekanan di permukaan, psi
Gfr = gradien tekanan rekah, ppg
Li = panjang intermediate casing, ft
D = kedalaman, ft
IP = tekanan injeksi, psi
Production Casing
Tekanan di luar casing sebagaimana diketahui adalah minimal
sebesar tekanan hidrostatik air asin.
Pe = 0,052 f . Lpd
Dimana :
Lpd = Panjang production casing, ft
Pe
= 0,465 Lpd
Pe = 0.052 s Ls
Dimana :
s= densitas semen, ppg
Pe = tekanan di luar casing, psi
Ls = panjang surface casing, ft
Intermediet Casing
Beban collapse pada intermediate casing terdiri atas tekanan
hidrostatic lumpur saat casing dipasang dan tekanan hidrostatik semen.
Production Casing
Seperti pada inetermediate casing maka beban collapse pada
production casing juga terdiri atas tekanan hidrostatik lumpur saat casing
dipasang dan tekanan hidrostatik semen di anulus.
P1 = 0,052 m Lm
P2 = P1 + 0,052 s Hs
Dimana :
m
= densitas lumpur saat casing dipasang, ppg
s
= desitas semen, ppg
Lm = Tinggi kolom lumpur,ft
Hs
= Tinggi kolom semen, ft
D
= Kedalaman, ft
P
= tekanan, ft
.1 Conductor Casing Design Loads
Load Case
Interna
l
External
Pressure
Temperatur
e Profile
Pressur
e
Collaps
e
Full evacuation
None
MW used to
Geothermal
set casing
MW & SW if
offshore
Burst
N/A
Tension
Compressive load
due to weight of
wellhead, inner
MW
MW
Geothermal
Internal
Pressure
External
Pressure
Temperat
ure
Profile
Collaps
e
Full evacuation
where setting
depth
is less than 3000
Partial evacuation
for greater setting
depths
None
MW column to
balance lowest
formation
pressure in
Max MW
used
Geotherm
al
to set
casing.
MW & SW
if
offshore
next hole
section or
0.465 psi/ft
gradient,
whichever is
lower
Burst
Gas to Surface
Gas gradient
from
fracture
pressure at
0.465
Burst
psi/ft
Circulating
0.465
psi/ft
Circulating
shoe
Gas Kick
Pressure profile
due
to circulating
out the
appropriately
sized
kick volume
Tension
Buoyant weight
plus
MW
MW
Geotherm
al
MW + test
pressure
MW,
spacer,
Cementing
appropriate of:
Bending
Shock
loading
Over pull
Green Cement
Pressure test
cement
column
Internal
Pressure
External
Pressure
Temperat
ure
Profile
Collaps
e
Partial
Evacuation
MW column to
balance
MW used
to
lowest formation
pressure
set casing
Geotherm
al
in next hole
section or
0.465 psi/ft
gradient,
whichever is
lower
Burst
Gas to Surface
Gas gradient
from
0.465
psi/ft
Circulating
0.465
Circulating
fracture pressure
at shoe
Gas Kick
Pressure profile
due to
psi/ft
circulating out
the
appropriately
sized kick
volume
Tension
Buoyant weight
MW
MW
Geotherm
al
MW + test
pressure
MW,
spacer,
Cementing
plus appropriate
of:
Bending
Shock
Loading
Over pull
Green Cement
Pressure test
cement
column
Internal
Pressure
External
Pressure
Temperat
ure
Profile
Collaps
e
Partial
Evacuation
MW column to
balance lowest
formation
pressure in
next hole section
or
0.465 psi/ft
MW used
to
set casing
Geotherm
al
gradient,
whichever is
lower
Burst
Tension
Near Surface
Tubing
SIWHP over
packer
0.465
psi/ft
Production
Leak
fluid gradient
Buoyant weight
plus
MW
MW
Geotherm
al
MW + test
pressure
MW,
spacer,
Cementing
appropriate of:
Bending
Shock
Loading
Over pull
Green Cement
Pressure test
cement
column
Type of well
Well location onshore, water depth (if offshore), objective depths etc.
Evaluation requirements
Also to be considered in the design are any constraints due to rig capabilities,
casing stocks, import restrictions etc.