Solution Chapter 3
Oleh :
Raju Pratama
03031181520108
Dosen Pembimbing :
Dr. Ir. H. Abdullah Saleh, M.S.
( P ) =( T k )
T P
Jawab:
2 2
( ) =
1 V
P T V 2 P ( )( ) (T
k
T P
+
1 V
V T P
=k + ) V
T P ( )
Lalu tinjau nilai dari ( T k ) P
1 2 V 2 V
k
( ) 1 V
= 2
T P V P ( )( ) (P
k
T T V T P
=k
T P ) ( )
2 2
k
( ) 1 V
= 2
T P V P ( )( ) ( P
k
T T
+
1 V
V T P
= k+ ) V
T P ( )
Jadi, terbukti bahwa nilai dari:
k
P T( ) ( )
=
T P
Isothermal Compressibility
m = 1 kg air
P1 = 1 bar ; P2 = 500 bar
T = 60oC
b = 2700 bar
c = 0.125 cm3/g
Ditanya : W = ..... ?
Jawab :
Persamaan 1 W = P dV (Hukum Termodinamika 1)
c
k=
Persamaan 2 V ( P+ b) (Smith J, 66)
1
Persamaan 3
k =
V (dV
dP )
T
c dP
dV =
P+b
P2 P2 P2
P+ bb P+ b b
W =c dP=c dPc dP
P1 P+b P1 P+ b P1 P+b
P2 P2
1
W =c dPbc dP
P1 P1 P+b
P2
( + b)ln ( P 1 +b)
ln
W =c ( P 2 P1 )bc
[
W = c ( P 2 P 1 )bc ln
(P 2 +b)
(P 1+b) ]
500 + 2700
1 +2700
ln
W = 0.125 cm 3 /g (500 bar 1 2700 (0.125cm
3 /g)
cm3 (0.1695)
g
cm3 337.5
g
W =62.375
cm 3
g
cm3 57.20625
g
W =62.375
cm3
g
W =5.16875
cm 3 bar 0.000001 m3
W = 5.16875 x
g 1 cm3
m 3 bar 100000 J
W = 0.00000517 x
g 1 m 3 bar
W = 0.516875 J/g
T 2 =20 C=293.15 K
3
= 1.2 x 10 K
1 1
C p =0.84 kJ k g K
rho=1,590 kg m
V1 1 m3
= 1590 kg
t
Ditanya : v
W
Q
H t
U t
1 V
=
V T ( ) p
dV
= dT
V
( T 2 T 1 ) }
V 2=V 1 exp
1 m3
V 2= exp [ 1,2 x 103 K 1 ( 293,15 K273,15 K ) ]
1590 kg
1 m3
V 2= exp
1590 kg
1 m3
V 2= exp 0,024
1590 kg
3
1 m
V 2= 1,0242
1590 kg
4 3
V 2=6,4415 x 10 m kg
V =V 2V 1
3
1 m
V =6,4415 x 104 m3 kg
1590 kg
5 3
V =1,5219182 x 10 m /kg
Ditanya:
a. Volume konstan
b. Suhu konstan
c. Adiabatik
Penyelesaian:
a. Volume konstan
W=0
U = Q = CvT
H = CpT
T = T2-T1
P2
T2 =T1 P1
8
T2 = 600K 1
T2 = 75K
T = 75K-600K
T = -525K
Cp = 7/2R
Cp = 7/2(8,314 J/K mol)
Cp = 29.099 J/K mol
Cv = 5/2R
Cv = 5/2(8,314 J/K mol)
Cv = 20,785 J/K mol
U = Q = CvT
= 20.785 J/K mol x -525K
= -10.912 J/mol
= -10,912 KJ/mol
H = CpT
= 29,099 J/K mol x -525K
= -15.276 J/mol
= -15,276 KJ/mol
b. Suhu konstan
U = H = 0
P2
Q = W = R x T1 x ln P 1
P2
Q = W = R x T1 x ln P 1
8
= 8,314 J/K mol x 600K x ln 1
= - 10.373 J/mol
= - 10,373 KJ/mol
c. Adibiatik
Q=0
U = W = CvT
H = CpT
Cp
= Cv
29,099 J / Kmol
= 20,785 J / Kmol
= 1,4
1 /
T2 = T1 [ ] P2
P1
8
1
T2 = 600K
T2 = 331,227K
T = T2-T1
T = 331,227K 600K
T = - 268,773K
U = W = CvT
= 20,875 J/K mol x -268,773K
= -5.609 J/mol
= -5,609 KJ/mol
H = CpT
= 29,099 J/K mol x -268,773K
= -7.819 J/mol
= -7,819 KJ/mol
5
C P= R
2
P1=1
P2=12
3
CV = R
2
V t1=12 m3
t 3
V 2=1 m
Ditanya :
Q, W, U dan H untuk :
a. Isothermal compression.
b. Adiabatic compression followed by cooling at constant
pressure.
c. Adiabatic compression followed by cooling at constant
volume.
d. Heating at constant volume followed by cooling at constant
pressure.
e. Cooling at constant presure followed by heating at
constant volume.
Asumsi :
- T = konstant
- U = 0 dan H = 0 pada semua kondisi
Penyelesaian :
a. Isothermal Compression
P2
Q=R T 1 ln
P1
P1 V 1=R T 1
P2
Maka Q=P1 V 1 ln
P1
101325 N
J
1,01325 m2
1 kJ
Nm
1 =2981,88 kJ
1000 J
12
3
Q=1
12 m ln
- Hukum 1 termodinamika
U =Q+W U = 0
0=Q+ W
W =Q=2981,88 kJ
( 122,71 ) m3
101325 N
1,671
J
1,01325 m2
1 kJ
Nm
W 1=
1000 J
3063 kJ .(1)
- Second Step
W 2=P2 (V 2V )
m3101325 N
J
1,01325 m2
1 kJ
Nm
W 2=12 ( 12,71 )
1000 J
2025 kJ (2)
1 1,67
P=1( ) =63,42
2
P V 2P1 V 1
W 1=
y1
( 63,421112 ) m3
101325 N
1,671
J
1,01325 m
2
1 kJ
Nm
W 1=
1000 J
7674,76 kJ
- Second Step
Volume constant sehingga W2 = 0
W =W 1+ W 2=7674,76 kJ +0 kJ =7674,76 kJ
d. Heating at constan volume followed by cooling at
constan pressure
- First step
Volume konstan sehingga W1=0
- Second Step
W 2=P2 V
W 2=P2 (V 2V 1 )
m3101325 N
J
1,01325 m2
1 kJ
Nm
W 2=12 ( 112 )
1000 J
13200 kJ
- Hukum 1 termodinamika
U =Q+W U = 0
0=Q+ W
Q=W =13200 kJ
e. Cooling at constant pressure followed by heating at
constant volume
- First Step
W 1=P1 V
W 1=P1 (V 2V 1 )
m3101325 N
J
1,01325 m2
1 kJ
Nm
W 2=1 ( 112 )
1000 J
1100kJ
- Second Step
Volume konstan sehingga W2=0
- Hukum 1 termodinamika
U =Q+W U = 0
0=Q+ W
Q=W =1100 kJ
d ( m )tank
Dimana : '=
m
dt
'
( mU )tank H mtank =0
m 2 U 2 m1 U 1=H ' ( m 2m 1 )
m 2 U 2 =H ' ( m 2 )
'
H ( m2 )
U 2=
m2
U 2=H '
H=U + RT
Maka :
' ' '
H =U +R T
' '
U 2=U + R T
U 2U ' =R T '
Cv
Untuk konstan :
U =C v T
Dimana :
CP
=
Cv
C PC v =R
Maka :
( T 2 T ' ) R
=
T '
Cv
( T 2 T ' ) C PC v
=
T
'
Cv
T2 T ' CP Cv
'
'
=
T T Cv Cv
T2 CP
'
1= 1
T Cv
T2 CP
'
1+1=
T Cv
T2 CP
'
=
T Cv
CP '
T2= T
Cv
T 2 = T '
Diketahui : V= 0.1 m3
T1= 25 o C = 298 K
P1= 101.33 kPa
T2= 45 oC = 318 K
P2= 1500 kPa
CP= 7/2R
CV= 5/2R
Ditanya : Q.....?
Dijawab :
Q=n Cp ( T 2 - T1 ) -V P
( P 1 - P2 )V
n=
R T1
( P 1 - P2 ) V
Q= Cp R ( T2 - T 1) - V P
R T1
( 101.33 kPa-1500 kPa ) 0.1 m 3 7
Q= ( 318 K-298 K ) -0.1 m 3 (1398.67 kPa)
298 K 2
3
Q=172.71 m kPa
3 10 -2 bar 105 J 10 -3 KJ
Q=172.71 m kPa 3
1 kPa 1 m bar 1 J
Q=172.7KJ
d (nU )tank
+ H ' ' = Q
dt
Dimana :
dU =C v dT
HU =PV =RT
dQ=mC dT
Dengan demikian,
n C v dT RT dn=mC dT
atau
dT R R d ( nC v ) R d (n C v + mC )
= dn= =
T n C v + mC C v n C v + mC C v n C v +mC
Integrasi yields :
T2 n2 C v +mC
ln ( ) R
= ln
T 1 Cv (
n1 C v +mC )
Atau :
R / Cv
T 2 n2 C v + mC
=
(
T 1 n1 C v + mC )
P2 V tank PV
n2= dan n1= 1 tank
RT2 RT1
T2 n2
Persamaan ini dapat diselesaikan untuk dan .
mC Cv T 2 =T 1 mC=0 , maka
Jika >> , maka . Jika
kita pakai rumus ekspansi isentropik.
Calculate :
(1)Q
(2)W
(3)U
(4)H
For each step of the process and for the cycle. Table
Cp = R and Cv = R
Answer :
Dik :
P1 = 100 Kpa
P2 = 500 Kpa
Cp = R
Cv = R
Closed system
Adiabatic Q= 0
T2 =
479,
897
K
U =
CV T
U =
CV ( T2
T1 )
U = R ( 479, 897 K 303 K )
U = 3677,019 Kj.mol-1
H = Cp T
H = R ( T2 T1 )
H = 5147,525 Kj.mol-1
W = U
W = 3677,019 Kj.mol-1
H= ?
Jawab:
Step 12
Secara isotermal ( temperatur konstan)
H=0 kJ /mol
U =0 kJ /mol
V1
W= RT1 ln V3
P1T 3
= RT1 ln P3T 1
= 3,518 ln (0,491)
= - 2,502 kJ/ mol
U =Q+W
Q= -W
= 2,502 kJ/ mol
Step 23
Secara Isokhorik (Volume Tetap)
W=0
Q = U = C T v
= Cv (T3 T2 )
= 5/2 R (323,15 423,15) K
= 5/2 (8,314 x 10-3 kJ/mol . K (-100 K)
= -2,0785 kJ/ mol
H= Cp T
= Cp (T3 T2)
= 7/2 R (T3 T2)
= 7/2 (8,314 x 10 -3
kJ/mol. K (323,15 K
423,15 K)
= - 291 kJ/mol
= (0 2,0785 ) kJ/mol
= -2,0785 kJ/mol
H= H 12+ H 23
= (0 2,91) kJ/mol
= -2,91 kJ/mol
Ditanya : Q ,W , H , U =?
Jawab :
A. Dipanaskan Isokhorik
W =0
5 8.314 J
U =Cv T U= ( 403 K303 K )
2 mol K
5 8.314 J J
U= (100 K ) U =2078,5
2 mol K mol
KJ
U =2,0785
mol
7 8.314 J
H=Cp T H= ( 403 K303 K )
2 mol K
7 J J
H= 8,314 100 K H=2909,9
2 mol K mol
KJ
H=2,91
mol
KJ
U =Q+W U =Q+0 Q=2,0785
mol
DiKompres Isotermal
P2
U = H=0 W =R T 2 ln
P1
1
10 J
W =7714,908
J mol
W =8.314 K 403 K ln
mol
KJ
W =7,715
mol
KJ KJ
U =Q+W 0=Q+ 7,715 Q=7,715
mol mol
B. Dipanaskan Isobarik
5
U =Cv T U= RT
2
5 J J
U = 8.314 K ( 403303 ) K U =2078,5
2 mol mol
U =2,0785 KJ /mol
7 8.314 J
H=Cp T H= ( 403 K303 K )
2 mol K
7 J J
H= 8,314 100 K H=2909,9
2 mol K mol
KJ
H=2,91
mol
J
W =R T W =8,314 K ( 403303 ) K
mol
J J
W =831,4 W =0,8314
mol mol
U =Q+W
KJ J KJ
2,0785
mol (
=Q+ 0,8134
mol ) Q=2,9099
mol
Dikompress Isotermal
P2
U = H=0 W =R T 2 ln
P1
1
10 J
W =7714,908
J mol
W =8,314 K 403 K ln
mol
W =7,715 KJ /mol
KJ
U =Q+W 0=Q+ 7,715 Q=7,715 KJ /mol
mol
C. Dikompres Isotermal
P2
U = H=0 W =R T 1 ln
P1
1
10 J
W =5800,54
J mol
W =8,314 K 303 K ln
mol
KJ
W =58
mol
KJ KJ
U =Q+W 0=Q+ 58 Q=58
mol mol
Dipanaskan Isobarik
5
U =Cv T U= RT
2
5 J J
U = 8,314 K ( 403303 ) K U =2078,5
2 mol mol
KJ
U =2,0785
mol
7 8.314 J
H=Cp T H= ( 403 K303 K )
2 mol K
7 J J
H= 8,314 100 K H=2909,9
2 mol K mol
KJ
H=2,91
mol
J
W =R T W =8,314 K ( 403303 ) K
mol
J J
W =831,4 W =0,8314
mol mol
U =Q+W
KJ J KJ
2,0785
mol (
=Q+ 0,8134
mol ) Q=2,9099
mol
Isobarik: Isokhorik:
W R.T W 0
W R(T3 T2 ) U Q W
U Q
T3 T1
maka,
W R(T1 T2 )
PF
R (T1 T2 ) RT1 ln
P1
PF R (T1 T2 )
ln
P1 RT1
PF T1 T2
ln
P1 T1
T2 T1
PF P1 exp
T1
(350 800) K
PF 4bar exp
800 K
450 K
PF 4bar exp
800 K
PF 4bar exp( 0.5625)
4bar
PF
exp( 0.5625)
4bar
PF
1.75505
PF 2.27913bar
PF
R (T1 T2 ) RT1 ln
P1
PF R (T1 T2 )
ln
P1 RT1
PF T1 T2
ln
P1 T1
T2 T1
PF P1 exp
T1
(350 800) K
PF 4bar exp
800 K
450 K
PF 4bar exp
800 K
PF 4bar exp( 0.5625)
4bar
PF
exp( 0.5625)
4bar
PF
1.75505
PF 2.27913bar
P final (PF) nya adalah 2.27913 bar
Diketahui :
2. nA . R . T 1 n A . R . ( TA+TB ) 2. T 1
P1 = P2 atau P1 =
TA+ TB
P2 (1)
1
P2
(a) P2 = 1,25 atm TB = T1 ( )
P1
(2)
P2
TA = 2.T1. P 1 TB Q = nA.(UA + UB)
Q
q=
Ketetapan nA q = Cv (TA + TB
2.T1) (3)
kJ
q=3,118
TB = 319,75 K TA = 430,25 K mol
Ans.
TA = 425 K TB = 300 K
1
TA+TB
Yang mana TB = T1 ( 2. T 1 )
TB = Find(TB)
TB = 319,02 K
Ans.
TA+TB
P2 =
P1 ( 2.T 1 ) (1) P2 = 1,24 atm
Ans.
kJ
q=2,993
q = Cv.(TA + TB 2.T1) mol
Ans.
(c) TB = 325 K oleh persamaan (2)
1
TB
P2 = P1
T1 ( )
P2 = 1,323 atm
Ans.
P2
TA = 2.T1. P 1 TB (1) TA = 469 K
Ans.
kJ
q=4,032
q = Cv.(TA + TB 2.T1) mol
Ans.
kJ q. P1
q=3
mol P2= 2. T 1. Cv + P1 P2 = 1,241 atm
Ans.
1
TB
TB = T1. ( )
T1
(2) TB = 319,06 K
Ans.
P2
TA = 2.T1. P 1 TB (1) TA = 425,28 K
Ans.
PV
RT = 1+B'P
RT
V= P (1 + B'P)
1
V=RT( P + B')
RT
dV= P
2 dP
V2
W= PdV
VI
V2
W= RT
P2 PdV
VI
V2
= RT 1P dP
VI
=RT Ln PP 21
= RT (Ln P2 Ln P1)
P2
W= RT Ln P 1
T = 100 C = 373.15 K
P1 = 1 bar
P2 = 55 bar
B = 242.5 cm3mol1
C = 25200 cm6mol2
B
B = RT
CB2
C = ( RT )2
W = .?
Penyelesaian:
B
B = RT
B C
1+ +
Z= V V2
P1V 1 B C
=1+ + 2
RT V1 V 1
V1 = 30780 cm3/mol
P2V 2 B C
=1+ + 2
RT V2 V2
V2 = 241.33 cm3/mol
Eliminasi P dari Eq 1.3 menggunakan virial equations:
V2
W= RT 1+ VB + VC2 V1 dV
( )
V1
W = 12.62 kJ/mol
(b)Eliminasi dV dari Eq 1.3 menggunakan virial equation
dalam P:
dV =
1
(
R T 2 +C ' dP
P )
P2
W= RT
P1
( 1P +C P ) dP
'
W = 12.596 kJ/mol
P
Pr = Pc
140 cm mol
= 2066 cm3 / mol ( 1 + 2066 cm mol +
7200 cm mol
( 2066 ) cm mol
PV
Z= RT
) cm mol
( 12 ) ( 1930
= ( 83.14 ) cm 3 mol
K ( 298.15 ) K
23160
= 24789 = 0.935
0.422 0.172
b. B0 = 0.083 Tr 1.6 B1 = 0.139 Tr 4.2
0.422
= 0.083 1.091 = 0.139
0.172
1.257
ZRT
V= P
12
= ( 0.9316 ) (83.14 cm 3 mol
K ( 298.15 ) K ) = 1924
( Tr ) = Tr -0.5
= 1.056-0.5=0.973
. (T r )
q( Tr ) = . T r
0.416
=5.073
= 0.7082
Pr ( 0.08664 ) (0.238)
= = =0.0195
Tr 1.056
3
(0.928).( 83.14) cm mol K ( 298.15 ) K
12
0.90.195
= 1 + 0.0195 0.099 ( 0.9 )( 0.0195 )
0.8805
= 1 + 0.0195 0.099( 0.92755 )= 0.928
)]2
. ( Tr , )
q(Tr ) = . Tr
1.274 x 104
= 0.0915 = 1.392 x 10-3
. Pr
( Tr , Pr ) = Tr
0.0207
=0.0196
= 1.056
Z
Z = 1 + q ( Z + . ) ( Z + . ) V=
Z. R.T
=1900
P
0.90.0196
= 1 + 0.0196 2.2729 ( 0.9196 )( 1.9196 ) =
0.8804
=0.928
1.766
1
= ; =1 2 ; =0.0779; =0.45724
e. 2
. Pr
( Tr , Pr ) = Tr
0.0185
=0.0176
= 1.056
Z. R.T
=1900
P
0.90.0176
= 1 + 0.0176 1.743 x 10 -4
( 0.893 )( 0.0600 )
0.8824
= 1 + 0.0176 1.743 x 10 -4
0,05358 = 0.92
P = 15 bar
37,6 =0,399
15
Tc = 318,7 K P
Pr =
Pc
Pc = 37,6 bar
3
Vc = 198 cm mol
=0,286
cm 3 /mol K
R = 83,14
Ditanya :
Hitunglah nilai Z dan V
a. Equation 3.39
3 6 2
B = -194 cm mol C = 15300 cm mol
b. Equation 3.37, nilai B substitusi dari Pitzer Correlation
Equation 3.59
c. The Redlich Kwong Equation
d. The Soave Redlich Kwong Equation
e. The Peng Robinson Equation
Jawab :
Gas Ideal
PV = RT
15 =1929 cm3 mol
cm3 /mol K x 348 K
83,14
V=
RT
=
P
28935
83,14 cm3 /mol K x 348 K=
28932,72
Z= 3
PV 15 x 1929cm mol
=
RT
Z=1
a. Equation 3.39
3
B = -194 cm mol C = 15300 cm 6 mol 2
RT B C
V= P (
1+ + 2
V V )
3
(194 cm /mol) 15300 cm 6 mol2
(
15 1+ +
1929 cm 3 mol (1929 cm 3 /mol)2 )
V= cm3 /mol K x 348 K
83,14
3 6 2
V = 1929 (
cm 3 / mol 1
194 cm mol
3
+
15300 cm mol
6
1929 cm mol 3.721.041 cm mol
2 )
V = 1929 cm 3 /mol ( 10,1+0,004 )
V = 1744 cm 3 mol
PV
Z= RT
26160
83,14 cm 3 /mol K x 348 K=
28932,72
Z= 15 x 1744 cm 3 mol
Z = 0,904
b. Equation 3.37
PV BP
=1+
Z = RT RT
Equation 3.59
BP
=B 0+ B 1
RT substitusi ke persamaan 3.37
Pr
B 0+ B 1
sehingga, Z = 1 + ( Tr
0 0,422
B =0,083
Tr 1,6
0 0,422 0,422
B =0,083 =0,083
( 1,092 ) 1,6
1,151
B 0=0,283
1 0,172
B =0,139
(1,092)
4,2
0,172
B 1=0,139
1,447
1
B =0,02
Equation 3.37
Pr
B 0+ B 1
Z=1+( Tr
15
3
cm /mol K x 348 K
V= 0,899 x 83,14
V = 1734 cm 3 mol
c. The Redlich Kwong Equation
Z
q
Z=1+ ( Z+ ) (Z+ )
Equation 3.50
Pr 0,399
=
=0,08664
Tr 1,092 (
=0,032 )
Equation 3.51
1
2
1,092
q= 0,42748 x
(Tr)
=
Tr
substitusikan nilai dan q ke dalam Persamaan
Redlich Kwong
Z
q
Z=1+ ( Z+ ) (Z+ ) nilai Z = 1
10,032
Z = 1 + 0,032 (5,3 x 0,032) ( 1+ ( 0 x 0,032 ) ) (1+ ( 1 x 0,032 ) )
Z = 1,032 0,144
Z = 0,888
Z RT
V= P
15
/ mol K x 348 K
V= 0,888 x 83,14 cm3
3
V = 1712,81 cm mol
d. The Soave Redlich Kwong Equation
Z
q
Z=1+ ( Z+ ) (Z+ )
[ ]
1
2
SRK (Tr ; ) = 1+(0,480+1,574 0,176 )(1Tr ) 2
(Tr;
2
[ ]
1
2 2
= 1+(0,480+1,574 (0,286)0,176 ( 0,286 ) )(1(1,092) )
2
(Tr; =[ 1+(0,480+ 0,4500,176 ( 0,082 ) )(11,045) ]
2
(Tr; =[ 1+ ( 0,480+0,4500,015 ) (0,045) ]
2
(Tr; =[ 1+(0,92)(0,045) ]
2
(Tr; =[ 1+(0,04) ]
2
(Tr; =[ (0,96) ]
(Tr; =0,9216
Equation 3.50
Pr 0,399
=
=0,08664
Tr 1,092
=0,032 ( )
Equation 3.51
(Tr ; ) 0,42748 x 0,9216 0,4
q= = = =4,21
Tr 0,08664 x 1,092 0,095
Z = 1,032 0,13
Z = 0,902
Z RT
V= P
15
/mol K x 348 K
V= 0,902 x 83,14 cm3
3
V = 1739,82 cm /mol
e. The Peng Robinson Equation
Z
q
Z=1+ ( Z+ ) (Z+ )
[ ]
1
2
SRK (Tr ; ) = 1+(0,37464 +1,54226 0,26992 )(1Tr ) 2
(Tr;
2
[ ]
1
2 2
= 1+(0,37464+ 1,54226(0,286)0,26992 ( 0,286 ) )(1(1,092) )
2
(Tr; =[ 1+ ( 0,37464+ 0,4410,26992 ( 0,082 ) ) (11,045) ]
2
(Tr; =[ 1+ ( 0,37464+0,4410,022 ) (0,045) ]
2
(Tr; =[ 1+ ( 0,37464+0,4410,022 ) (0,045) ]
2
(Tr; =[ 1+ ( 0,794 ) (0,045) ]
2
(Tr; =[ 1+(0,035)]
2
(Tr; =[ (0,965) ]
(Tr; =0,931
Equation 3.50
Pr 0,399
=
=0,07779
Tr 1,092 (
=0,028 )
Equation 3.51
(Tr ; ) 0,45724 x 0,931 0,425
q= = = =5
Tr 0,07779 x 1,092 0,085
Z
q
Z=1+ ( Z+ ) (Z+ ) nilai Z = 1
2
1+
1+ ( ( x 0,028 ) )
Z = 1 + 0,028 (5 x 0,028) (1+( (1 2) x 0,028 ) )
10,028
0,972
Z = 1,028 0,14 (( 0,9888 ) (1,0672) )
0,972
Z = 1,028 0,14 ( (1,055) )
Z = 1,028 0,12894
Z = 0,899
Z RT
V= P
15
3 / mol K x 348 K
V= 0,899 x 83,14 cm
V = 1734,03 cm 3 /mol
B=
'
( )
P T . P =0
B '= ( ZP )
T . =0
Dimana =1 /V
B C D
Z =1+ + +
Pers 3.12 V V2 V 3
Differensialkan menjadi:
Z
( )
P T
=B ' +2 C ' P+3 D ' P2
( ZP )
T . P=0
=B ' +2 C' (0)+3 D '(0)2
B '= ( ZP )
T . P =0
TERBUKTI
Pers 3.12
B C D
Z =1+ + 2 + 3
V V V
Dimana V =1/
Z =1+ B +C 2 + D 3
Differensialkan menjadi:
Z
( )
T
=B +2C +3 D 2
( ZP )
T . =0
=B '+2 C( 0)+3 D(0)2
B '= ( ZP )
T . =0
TERBUKTI
Diketahui :
Tc = 369,8 K Pc = 42,48 K
= 0,152 T = 333,15 K
P = 21,22 bar
Penyelesaian :
T 333,15 P
Tr = TC = 369,8 = 0,900 Pr = PC =
21,22
42,48 = 0,499
=1 =0
= 0,08664 = 0,42748
Pr ( 0,08664 ) (0,499)
= = = 0,0480
Tr 0,900
0,42748 0,900
q(Tr) = Tr3/ 2 = ( 3 /2 = 3,3840
0,08664
Z
Z= 1 + -q
Z ( Z +)
10,0480
= 1 + 0,0480 -3,3840 1(1+ 0,0480) = 0,01
Sehingga Z ;
Z + (Tr , Pr)
Z= (Tr , Pr ) + (Z + .
(Tr , Pr) . ) .
1+ ( Tr , Pr ) Z
q ( Tr ) . (Tr , Pr )
= 0,56
cm3 1
V = Z.R.T/P = 0,56. 83,14 bar. mol K1 .
333,15 K/ 13,71 bar = 112,4 cm3/mol.
1+ ( Tr , Pr ) Z
Z=1+ ( T r , Pr ) q(Tr). ( Tr , Pr ) .
q ( Tr ) . (Tr , Pr )
K/21,22 bar
= 920,3 cm3/mol.
Vc . Zc [(1Tr )
0,2857
]
V=
[10,847]
= 200 cm3/mol 0,276
= 102,8 cm3/mol
B0 = 0,083 0,422/Tr1,6
1,6
= 0,083 - 0,422/ 0,900
= -0,147
B1 = 0,139 0,172/Tr4,2
4,2
=
0,139 -0,127/ 0,900
= -0,058
V = R.T/P + R. B0 + B1 Tc/Pc
cm3 1
= (83,14 bar. mol K1 . 333,15 K/21,22 bar)
cm 3 1
+ 83,14 bar. mol K1 . -0,147+ (0,152. -
0,058. 369,8,8/42,48)
= 990,4 cm3/mol.
Tc = 369,8 K Pc = 42,48 K
= 0,152 T = 343,15 K
P = 25,94 bar
Penyelesaian :
T 343,15 P
Tr = TC = 369,8 = 0,927 Pr = PC =
25,94
42,48 = 0,610
=1 =0
= 0,08664 = 0,42748
Pr 0,610
(Tr,Pr)= = 0,08664 = 0,057
Tr 0,927
3/ 2 0,42748 0,927
q(Tr) = Tr = ( 3 /2 = 3,3840 =
0,08664
5,528
Menghitung Z untuk liquid, Asumsi Z = 0,01 Maka:
1+ ( Tr , Pr ) Z
Z=1+ ( Tr , Pr ) q(Tr). ( Tr , Pr ) .
q ( Tr ) . (Tr , Pr )
[(1Tr )0,2857]
V= Vc . Zc
[ (10,927 ) 0,2857
]
= 200 cm3/mol 0,276
= 109,0 cm3/mol
B0 = 0,083 0,422/Tr1,6
1,6
= 0,083 - 0,422/ 0,927
= -0,0393
B1 = 0,139 0,172/Tr4,2
4,2
=
0,139 -0,127/ 0,927
= -0,0353
V = R.T/P + R. B0 + B1 Tc/Pc
cm 3 1
= (83,14 bar. mol K1 343,15 K/25,94 bar)
cm 3 1
+83,14 bar. mol K1 . - 0,0393 + (0,152. -
Maka:
Z = 0,057.
Z (Tr , Pr )
Z = 1 + (Tr,Pr) q (Tr) . (Tr,Pr) ( Z . (Z + )(Tr , PZ) )
Z = 0,789
Zc = 0,276
0,2857
cm3
200. 0,276[ ]
[(1Tr )0,2857] ( 10,847 )
Vc . Zc = =137,4 .
V= mol
V = R.T/P + R. B0 + B1 Tc/Pc
= (8,314. 313,15/13,71) + 8,314. -0,468 + (0,152.
-0,207. 369,8/2,48)
= 1074 cm3/mol.
h) n-Butane pada 130C dimana Psat = 26,59 bar.
Maka:
Z = 0,040.
Z (Tr , Pr )
Z = 1 + (Tr,Pr) q (Tr) . (Tr,Pr) ( Z . (Z + )(Tr , PZ) )
Z = 0,698
Vc = 200 cm3/mol
Zc = 0,276
0,2857
cm 3
Vc . Zc [(1Tr ) ] 200. 0,276[( 10,87 ) ]
0,2857
= =146,4 .
V= mol
V = R.T/P + R. B0 + B1 Tc/Pc
= (8,314.323,15/17,16) + 8,314. -0,423 + (0,152.
-0,169. 369,8/2,48)
= 896 cm3/mol.
hitunglah volume molar dari saturated liquid dan volume
molar dari saturated vapor dengan mengikuti persamaan
redlich/kwong dan bandingkan hasilnya dengan nilai yang
didapat dari generalized correlations.
Jawab:
Tc= 408,1 K
= 0,181
ZC= 0,282
Sehingga:
T
=
TR= Tc 363,15 K / 408,1 K = 0,89
= 1
= 0,42748
= 0,08664
= 0
=TR-1/2= 1,0599
=5,876
= T R
PR
=0,0438
= T R
untuk liquid
1+ Z
( )
Z = + (Z + )(Z + )
1+ 0,0438Z
( )
5,876 (0,0438)
Z = 0,08392
Z RT
V= P
Untuk vapor
Z=1+- ( ( Z +Z) ( Z + ) )
(0)(0,0438)
Z +1(0,0438)
Z=1+ 0,0438 - 5,876(0,0438) Z0,0438
()
Z = 0,7287
Z RT
V= P
V = 133,9 cm3/mol
RT Tc
V= P + R(B0 + B1) Pc
83,14472363,15
V = + 83,14472 (-0,4255 + 0,181 (-
16,54
408,1
0,1416)) 36,48 = 1405,7 cm3/mol
P=20,03 bar
Tc= 408,1 K
= 0,181
ZC= 0,282
Sehingga:
T
=
TR= Tc 373,15 K / 408,1 K = 0,91
= 1
= 0,42748
= 0,08664
= 0
=TR-1/2= 1,0483
=5,6838
= T R
PR
=0,0524
= T R
untuk liquid
1+ Z
( )
Z = + (Z + )(Z + )
1+ 0,0524Z
( )
5,6838 (0,0524)
Z = 0,10601
Z RT
V= P
Z=1+- ( ( Z +Z) ( Z + ) )
(0)(0,0524)
Z +1(0,0524)
Z=1+ 0,0524 - 5,6838(0,0524) Z0,0524
()
Z = 0,6829
Z RT
V= P
V = VcZc(1-Tr)^0,2857
V = 262,7 x 0,282(1-0,91)^0,2857
V = 140,3 cm3/mol
RT Tc
V= P + R(B0 + B1) Pc
83,14472373,15
V = + 83,14472 (-0,4077 + 0,181 (-
20,03
408,1
0,1166)) 36,48 = 1154,3 cm3/mol
383 24,01
=0,9385 =0,658
Tr= 408,1 Pr= 36,48
=1
=0
= 0,08664
= 0,42748
Zc = 1/3
Pr (0,08664) ( 0,658 )
= = =0,0607
Tr (0,9385)
( Z ) (10,0607)
Z= 1+ q Z (Z + )=1+ 0,0607( 5,423 ) (0,0607) 1(1+ 0,0607)
= 0,8687
Vc = 262,7 cm3/mol
Zc = 0,282
0,2857 0,2857
cm3
Vc . Zc [ ]
=262,7. 0,282[ ]
( 1Tr ) ( 10,9385 )
=6,94 .
V= mol
-0,081
V = R.T/P + R. B0 + B1Tc/Pc
= (83,14. 383/24,01) + (83,14)(-0,368) + ((0,181)(
-0,081) (408,1/36,48))
= 1295,46 cm3/mol.
l) Isobutane saat 120oC dimana tekanan Psat=28,53 bar
393 28,53
=0,96 =0,78
Tr= 408,1 Pr= 36,48
=1
=0
= 0,08664
= 0,42748
Zc = 1/3
1/ 2
Tr 0,42748
q= = Tr1/2 = (0,96)3/ 2=5,246
Tr 0,08664
Pr (0,08664) ( 0,78 )
= = =0,0704
Tr (0,96)
(Z ) (10,0704)
Z= 1+ q Z (Z + ) =1+ 0,0704 (5,246 ) (0,0704) 1(1+0,0704)
= 0,7504
Z=
Vc = 262,7 cm3/mol
Zc = 0,282
0,2857 0,2857
cm3
Vc . Zc [(1Tr ) ]
=262,7. 0,282[( 10,96) ]
=29,53 .
V= mol
V = R.T/P + R. B0 + B1Tc/Pc
= (83,14. 393/28,53) + (83,14)(-0,367) + ((0,181)(
-0,061) (408,1/36,48))
= 1114,63 cm3/mol.
Hitunglah molar volum dari saturated liquid dan
saturated vapor dengan persamaan Redlich/Kwong
untuk :
Maka:
Z = 0,040.
Z (Tr , Pr )
Z = 1 + (Tr,Pr) q (Tr) . (Tr,Pr) ( Z . (Z + )(Tr , PZ) )
Z = 0,659
Vc = 200 cm3/mol
Zc = 0,276
0,2857
cm3
Vc . Zc
[(1Tr )0,2857]
= 200. 0,276[( 10,9 ) ]
=53,5 .
V= mol
V = R.T/P + R. B0 + B1 Tc/Pc
= (8,314.323,15/17,16) + 8,314. -0,423 + (0,152.
-0,169. 369,8/42,48)
= 1276,9 cm3/mol.
n) Propane pada 70C dimana Psat = 22,49 bar.
Maka:
Z = 0,040.
Z (Tr , Pr )
Z = 1 + (Tr,Pr) q (Tr) . (Tr,Pr) ( Z . (Z + )(Tr , PZ) )
Z = 0,813
Vc = 200 cm3/mol
Zc = 0,276
0,2857
cm3
Vc . Zc [(1Tr ) ] 200. 0,276[( 10,92 ) ]
0,2857
= =55,1 .
V= mol
V = R.T/P + R. B0 + B1 Tc/Pc
= (8,314.343,15/22,49) + 8,314. -0,387 + (0,152.
-0,04. 369,8/42,48)
= 1038,5 cm3/mol.
Hitung volume molar cairan jenuh (saturated liquid) dan
volume molar uap jenuh (saturated vapor) dengan
persamaan Redlich/Kwong dan bandingkan hasil dengan
nilai dari korelasi umum.
(o) Klor (Cl2) pada 80oC dimana Psat = 27,43 bar.
(p) Klor (Cl2) pada 90oC dimana Psat = 33,08 bar.
Jawab:
Klor (Cl2)
Tc = 417,2 K Pc = 77,10 bar = 0,069 (Tabel
B.1)
(o) T = 80oC = 353 K
Psat = 27,43 bar
T 353 K
Tr = T c = 417,2 K = 0,846
77,10
P
Pr = Pc = 27,43 = 0,356
q(Tr) = 6,33929
Pr
(Tr, Pr) = Tr (pers. 3.50)
Z = + Z (Z + ) ( 1+qZ
) (pers. 3.53)
1+0,0365Z
Z = 0,0365 + Z (Z + 0,0365) ( 6,33929 x 0,0365 )
Z = 0,0625
Z RT 27,43
Vl = P = 0,0625 x 83,14 cm 3 mol K x 353 K
3
1834,27625 cm /mol
l
V = 27,43
Vl = 66,9 cm3/mol
Z=1+q ( ZZ
(Z + ) ) (pers. 3.49)
Vv = 814,5 cm3/mol
[( 1T )
0,2857
]
V c Zc
r
V= (pers. 3.63)
[ (10,846 )0,2857]
V = 124 cm3/mol x 0,265
0,422
0
B = 0,083 0,8461,6
B0 = 0,083 0,552
B0 = -0,469
0,172
1
B = 0,139 T 4,2
r
(pers. 3.62)
0,172
1
B = 0,139 0,8464,2
B1 = 0,139 0,347
B1 = -0,208
Pr Pr
Z=1+B 0
Tr +B 1
Tr (substitusi pers. 3.54
dan 3.60)
0,356 0,356
Z = 1 + (-0,469) 0,846 + 0,069 (-0,208) 0,846
Z = 1 + (-0,19736) + (-0,00603)
Z = 0,7976
Z RT 27,43
3
V= P = 0,7976 x 83,14 cm mol K x 353 K
V = 853,4 cm3/mol
Klor (Cl2)
Tc = 417,2 K Pc = 77,10 bar = 0,069 (Tabel
B.1)
(p) T = 90oC = 363 K
Psat = 33,08 bar
T 363 K
Tr = T c = 417,2 K = 0,870
77,10
P
Pr = Pc = 33,08 = 0,429
q(Tr) = 6,078
Pr
(Tr, Pr) = Tr (pers. 3.50)
Z = + Z (Z + ) ( 1+qZ
) (pers. 3.53)
1+0,0428Z
Z = 0,0428 + Z (Z + 0,0428) ( 6,078 x 0,0428 )
Z = 0,077
Z RT 33,08
Vl = P = 0,077 x 83,14 cm 3 mol K x 363 K
Vl = 70,2 cm3/mol
Z RT 33,08
3
Vv = P = 0,725 x 83,14 cm mol K x 363 K
Vv = 661,4 cm3/mol
(pers. 3.63)
0,265[ (10,870)
0,2857
]
V = 124 cm3/mol x
0,422
0
B = 0,083 0,870
1,6
B0 = 0,083 0,527
B0 = -0,444
0,172
1
B = 0,139 T 4,2
r
(pers. 3.62)
0,172
1
B = 0,139 0,870
4,2
B1 = 0,139 0,309
B1 = -0,170
Pr Pr
Z=1+B 0
Tr +B 1
Tr (substitusi pers. 3.54
dan 3.60)
0,429 0,429
Z = 1 + (-0,444) 0,870 + 0,069 (-0,170) 0,870
Z = 1 + (-0,21894) + (-0,00578)
Z = 0,77528
Z RT 33,08
3
V= P = 0,77528 x 83,14 cm mol K x 363 K
3
23397,81085 cm /mol
V= 33,08
V = 707,3 cm3/mol
814 853,
( 66,9 57
,5 4
661 707,
( 70,2 59,1
,4 3
Dik.
Pc=42,48
=0,152
T 313,15 K
Tr= = =0.847
Tc 369,8 K
42,48 =0.323
13,71
P
Pr= =
Pc
=1+ 2 =0,07779
=1 2 =0,45724
( Tr , ) =1,098
. (Tr , )
q ( Tr )= =7,62
. Tr
. Pr
( Tr , Pr ) = =0,03
Tr
Maka:
1+ ( Tr , Pr )Z
Z = ( Tr , Pr ) + ( Z+ . ( Tr , Pr ) ) . ( Z + . ( Tr , Pr ) ) ( q ( Tr ) . ( Tr , Pr ) )
Z =0,049
Z .R.T cm3
V= =92,2
P mol
Z .R.T cm3
V= =1454,5
P mol
cm3
Vc=200
mol
Zc=0,276
[ (10,847 )0,2857 ]
V 200. 0,276
cm3
V =94,17
mol
0,422 0,422
B 0=0,083 =0,083 =0,468
Tr
1,6
0,847
1,6
0,172 0,172
B 1=0,139 =0,139 =0,207
Tr 4,2
0,8474,2
R .T 0 1 Tc
V= + R . ( B + B ) .
P Pc
0,207
369,8
0,468+0,152.( ) .
2,48
83,14.313,15
V= + 83,14.
13,71
3
cm3
V =1,538 x 10
mol
Diketahui
Pc=42,48
=0,152
T 323,15 K
Tr= = =0,87
Tc 369,8 K
42,48 =0,40
17,16
P
Pr= =
Pc
=1+ 2 =0,07779
=1 2 =0,45724
[ 2
(
( Tr , ) = 1+ ( 0.37464+1.54226 0.26992 ) . 1Tr
1
2 )]
( Tr , ) =1,080
. (Tr , )
q ( Tr )= =7,27
. Tr
. Pr
( Tr , Pr ) = =0,036
Tr
Maka:
1+ ( Tr , Pr )Z
Z = ( Tr , Pr ) + ( Z+ . ( Tr , Pr ) ) . ( Z + . ( Tr , Pr ) ) ( q ( Tr ) . ( Tr , Pr ) )
Z =0,041
Z .R.T cm3
V= =97,6
P mol
Z ( Tr , Pr )
Z =1+ ( Tr , Pr )q ( Tr ) . (Tr , Pr ) .
(( Z+ . ( Tr , Pr ) ) . ( Z + . ( Tr , Pr ) ) )
Z =0,82
Z .R.T cm 3
V= =1131,8
P mol
Zc=0,276
[ (1Tr)0,2857 ]
V =Vc . Zc
cm3
V =98,1
mol
0,422 0,422
B 0=0,083 =0,083 =0,441
Tr 1,6
0,8471,6
0,172 0,172
B 1=0,139 =0,139 =0,164
Tr
4,2
0,847
4,2
R .T 0 1 Tc
V= + R . ( B + B ) .
P Pc
0,164
369,8
0,441+0,152.() .
2,48
83,14.313,15
V= + 83,14.
17,16
cm3
V =1228,714
mol
Diketahui
Pc=42,48
=0,152
T 333,15 K
Tr= = =0.901
Tc 369,8 K
42,48 =0.500
21,22
P
Pr= =
Pc
=1+ 2 =0,07779
=1 2 =0,45724
[ 2
( Tr , ) = 1+ ( 0.37464+1.54226 0.26992 ) . 1Tr(
1
2 )]
( Tr , ) =1,098
. (Tr , )
q ( Tr )= =6,93
. Tr
. Pr
( Tr , Pr ) = =0,043
Tr
Maka:
1+ ( Tr , Pr )Z
Z = ( Tr , Pr ) + ( Z+ . ( Tr , Pr ) ) . ( Z + . ( Tr , Pr ) ) ( q ( Tr ) . ( Tr , Pr ) )
Z =0,049
Z .R.T cm3
V= =104,4
P mol
Z ( Tr , Pr )
Z =1+ ( Tr , Pr )q ( Tr ) . (Tr , Pr ) .
( ( Z+ . ( Tr , Pr ) ) . ( Z + . ( Tr , Pr ) ) )
z=0,81
Z .R.T cm3
V= =879,2
P mol
cm3
Vc=200
mol
Zc=0,276
[ (1Tr)0,2857 ]
V =Vc . Zc
[ (10,901 )0,2857]
V 200. 0,276
cm3
V =102,8
mol
0,422 0,422
B 0=0,083 =0,083 =0,416
Tr 1,6
0,8471,6
0,172 0,172
B 1=0,139 =0,139 =0,128
Tr
4,2
0,847
4,2
R .T 0 1 Tc
V= + R . ( B + B ) .
P Pc
0,128
369,8
0,416+ 0,152.( ).
2,48
83,14.313,15
V= + 83,14.
21,22
cm 3
V =990,4
mol
Diketahui
Pc=42,48
=0,152
T 323,15 K
Tr= = =0,928
Tc 369,8 K
42,48 =0,611
17,16
P
Pr= =
Pc
=1+ 2 =0,07779
=1 2 =0,45724
( Tr , ) =1,04475
. (Tr , )
q ( Tr )= =6,62
. Tr
. Pr
( Tr , Pr ) = =0,051
Tr
Maka:
1+ ( Tr , Pr )Z
Z = ( Tr , Pr ) + ( Z+ . ( Tr , Pr ) ) . ( Z + . ( Tr , Pr ) ) ( q ( Tr ) . ( Tr , Pr ) )
Z =0,059
Z .R.T cm 3
V= =113,7
P mol
Z .R.T cm 3
V= =678,1
P mol
cm3
Vc=200
mol
Zc=0,276
[ (10,928 )0,2857 ]
V 200. 0,276
cm3
V =109,0
mol
0,422 0,422
B 0=0,083 =0,083 =0,393
Tr
1,6
0,847
1,6
0,172 0,172
B 1=0,139 =0,139 =0,09
Tr 4,2
0,8474,2
R .T 0 1 Tc
V= + R . ( B + B ) .
P Pc
0,09
369,8
0,393+0,152.( ) .
2,48
83,14.313,15
V= + 83,14.
25,94
3
cm
V =805,0
mol
Diketahui
Pc=37,96 =0,200
T 373.15 K
Tr= = =0.878
Tc 425,1 K
37,96
=0.406
15,41
P
Pr= =
Pc
=1+ 2 =0,07779
=1 2 =0,45724
[ 2
( Tr , ) = 1+ ( 0.37464+1.54226 0.26992 ) . 1Tr (
1
2 )]
( Tr , ) =1,08663
. (Tr , )
q ( Tr )= =7,28
. Tr
. Pr
( Tr , Pr ) = =0,036
Tr
Maka:
1+ ( Tr , Pr )Z
Z = ( Tr , Pr ) + ( Z+ . ( Tr , Pr ) ) . ( Z + . ( Tr , Pr ) ) ( q ( Tr ) . ( Tr , Pr ) )
Z =0,041
Z .R.T cm 3
V= =125,2
P mol
Z ( Tr , Pr )
Z =1+ ( Tr , Pr )q ( Tr ) . (Tr , Pr ) .
( ( Z+ . ( Tr , Pr ) ) . ( Z + . ( Tr , Pr ) ) )
z=0,82
Z .R.T cm3
V= =1453,5
P mol
cm3
Vc=200
mol
Zc=0,276
[ (10,847 )0,2857 ]
V 200. 0,276
cm3
V =125,4
mol
0,422 0,422
B 0=0,083 =0,083 =0,437
Tr 1,6
0,8471,6
0,172 0,172
B 1=0,139 =0,139 =0,158
Tr
4,2
0,847
4,2
R .T 0 1 Tc
V= + R . ( B + B ) .
P Pc
0,158
425,1
0,437+0,200.() .
2,48
83,14.373 .15
V= + 83,14.
15,41
cm3
V =1577,0
mol
Diketahui
Pc=37,96 =0,200
T 373.15 K
Tr= = =0,901
Tc 425,1 K
37,96 =0,492
18,66
P
Pr= =
Pc
=1+ 2 =0,07779
=1 2 =0,45724
[
( Tr , ) = 1+ ( 0.37464+1.54226 0.26992 ) . 1Tr
2
(
1
2 )]
( Tr , ) =1,6923
. (Tr , )
q ( Tr )= =6,97
. Tr
. Pr
( Tr , Pr ) = =0,042
Tr
Maka:
1+ ( Tr , Pr )Z
Z = ( Tr , Pr ) + ( Z+ . ( Tr , Pr ) ) . ( Z + . ( Tr , Pr ) ) ( q ( Tr ) . ( Tr , Pr ) )
Z =0,049
Z .R.T cm3
V= =132,9
P mol
Z ( Tr , Pr )
Z =1+ ( Tr , Pr )q ( Tr ) . (Tr , Pr ) .
( ( Z+ . ( Tr , Pr ) ) . ( Z + . ( Tr , Pr ) ) )
z=0,81
Z .R.T cm 3
V= =1156,3
P mol
cm3
Vc=200
mol
Zc=0,276
[ (1Tr)0,2857 ]
V =Vc . Zc
[ (10,901 )0,2857]
V 200. 0,276
3
cm
V =130,7
mol
0,422 0,422
B 0=0,083 =0,083 =0,415
Tr 1,6
0,8471,6
1 0,172 0,172
B =0,139 =0,139 =0,127
Tr 4,2
0,8474,2
R .T Tc
V= + R . ( B0 + B1 ) .
P Pc
0,127
425,1
0,415+0,200.() .
2,48
83,14.373 .15
V= + 83,14.
18,66
3
cm
V =1296,8
mol
Diketahui
Pc=37,96 =0,200
T 383.15 K
Tr= = =0,925
Tc 425,1 K
37,96 =0,590
22,38
P
Pr= =
Pc
=1+ 2 =0,07779
=1 2 =0,45724
[
( Tr , ) = 1+ ( 0.37464+1.54226 0.26992 ) . 1Tr
2
(
1
2 )]
( Tr , ) =1,0522
. (Tr , )
q ( Tr )= =6,69
. Tr
. Pr
( Tr , Pr ) = =0,050
Tr
Maka:
1+ ( Tr , Pr )Z
Z = ( Tr , Pr ) + ( Z+ . ( Tr , Pr ) ) . ( Z + . ( Tr , Pr ) ) ( q ( Tr ) . ( Tr , Pr ) )
Z =0,057
Z .R.T cm3
V= =143,0
P mol
Z ( Tr , Pr )
Z =1+ ( Tr , Pr )q ( Tr ) . (Tr , Pr ) .
( ( Z+ . ( Tr , Pr ) ) . ( Z + . ( Tr , Pr ) ) )
z=0,80
Z .R.T cm3
V= =915,0
P mol
cm3
Vc=200
mol
Zc=0,276
[ (1Tr)0,2857 ]
V =Vc . Zc
[ (10,925)0,2857 ]
V 200. 0,276
3
cm
V =137,4
mol
0,422 0,422
B 0=0,083 =0,083 =0,395
Tr 1,6
0,8471,6
1 0,172 0,172
B =0,139 =0,139 =0,100
Tr 4,2
0,8474,2
R .T Tc
V= + R . ( B0 + B1 ) .
P Pc
0,100
425,1
0,395+0,200.() .
2,48
83,14.373 .15
V= + 83,14.
22,38
3
cm
V =1073,989
mol
Dietahui
Pc=37,96 =0,200
T 383.15 K
Tr= = =0,948
Tc 425,1 K
37,96 =0,700
22,38
P
Pr= =
Pc
=1+ 2 =0,07779
=1 2 =0,45724
[ 2
( Tr , ) = 1+ ( 0.37464+1.54226 0.26992 ) . 1Tr (
1
2 )]
( Tr , ) =1,0355
. (Tr , )
q ( Tr )= =6,42
. Tr
. Pr
( Tr , Pr ) = =0,057
Tr
Maka:
1+ ( Tr , Pr )Z
Z = ( Tr , Pr ) + ( Z+ . ( Tr , Pr ) ) . ( Z + . ( Tr , Pr ) ) ( q ( Tr ) . ( Tr , Pr ) )
Z =0,067
Z .R.T cm 3
V= =157,1
P mol
Z ( Tr , Pr )
Z =1+ ( Tr , Pr )q ( Tr ) . (Tr , Pr ) .
( ( Z+ . ( Tr , Pr ) ) . ( Z + . ( Tr , Pr ) ) )
z=0,79
Z .R.T cm3
V= =915,0
P mol
cm3
Vc=200
mol
Zc=0,276
[ (1Tr)0,2857 ]
V =Vc . Zc
[ (10,948)0,2857 ]
V 200. 0,276
3
cm
V =146,4
mol
0,422 0,422
B 0=0,083 =0,083 =0,376
Tr 1,6
0,9481,6
1 0,172 0,172
B =0,139 =0,139 =0,076
Tr 4,2
0,9484,2
R .T Tc
V= + R . ( B0 + B1 ) .
P Pc
0,076
425,1
0,376+0,200.() .
2,48
83,14.373 .15
V= + 83,14.
26,59
3
cm
V =896,0
mol
Dietahui
Pc=36,48 =0,181
T 363.15 K
Tr= = =0,890
Tc 408,1 K
36,48
=0,453
16,54
P
Pr= =
Pc
=1+ 2 =0,07779
=1 2 =0,45724
( Tr , ) =1,0744
. (Tr , )
q ( Tr )= =7,10
. Tr
. Pr
( Tr , Pr ) = =0,040
Tr
Maka:
1+ ( Tr , Pr )Z
Z = ( Tr , Pr ) + ( Z+ . ( Tr , Pr ) ) . ( Z + . ( Tr , Pr ) ) ( q ( Tr ) . ( Tr , Pr ) )
Z =0,045
Z .R.T cm3
V= =129,4
P mol
Z .R.T cm3
V= =1271,9
P mol
cm3
Vc=200
mol
Zc=0,276
[ (10,890 )0,2857 ]
V 200. 0,276
cm3
V =133,9
mol
0,422 0,422
B 0=0,083 =0,083 =0,426
Tr
1,6
0,890
1,6
0,172 0,172
B 1=0,139 =0,139 =0,142
Tr 4,2
0,8904,2
R .T 0 1 Tc
V= + R . ( B + B ) .
P Pc
0,142
408,1
0,426+0,200.() .
36,48
83,14.373 .15
V= + 83,14.
16,54
3
cm
V =1405,7
mol
Dietahui
Pc=36,48 =0,181
T 373.15 K
Tr= = =0,914
Tc 408,1 K
36,48
=0,549
20,03
P
Pr= =
Pc
=1+ 2 =0,07779
=1 2 =0,45724
[
( Tr , ) = 1+ ( 0.37464+1.54226 0.26992 ) . 1Tr 2
(
1
2 )]
( Tr , ) =1,0573
. (Tr , )
q ( Tr )= =6,80
. Tr
. Pr
( Tr , Pr ) = =0,047
Tr
Maka:
1+ ( Tr , Pr )Z
Z = ( Tr , Pr ) + ( Z+ . ( Tr , Pr ) ) . ( Z + . ( Tr , Pr ) ) ( q ( Tr ) . ( Tr , Pr ) )
Z =0,054
Z .R.T
V= =138,6
P
Z ( Tr , Pr )
Z =1+ ( Tr , Pr )q ( Tr ) . (Tr , Pr ) .
(( Z+ . ( Tr , Pr ) ) . ( Z + . ( Tr , Pr ) ) )
z=0,80
Z .R.T cm3
V= =1239,5
P mol
Zc=0,276
[ (1Tr)0,2857 ]
V =Vc . Zc
cm3
V =133,9
mol
0,422 0,422
B 0=0,083 =0,083 =0,404
Tr 1,6
0,9141,6
0,172 0,172
B 1=0,139 =0,139 =0,112
Tr
4,2
0,914
4,2
R .T 0 1 Tc
V= + R . ( B + B ) .
P Pc
0,142
408,1
0,426+0,200.() .
36,48
83,14.373 .15
V= + 83,14.
20,03
cm3
V =1154,3
mol
P2 = 5 bar T2 = 300K
DITANYA : V2 = ......?
JAWAB :
PV
Z=
RT
BP
Z =1+
RT
Z 1=0,922
Substitusikan nilai Z1
BP1
Z 1=1+
RT 1
RT 1+ BP 1
Z 1=
RT 1
Z 1. RT 1RT 1
B=
P1
RT 1(Z 11)
B=
P1
1
3
83,14472 cm . mol . K 300 K (0,9221)
B=
3 3
1.942 10 cm /mol 5 3
83,14472 cm . mol . K 300 K
B. P2
Z 2=1+ =
R .T 2
Z 2=0,611
P 2.V 2 Z 2. R .T 2
Z 2= V 2=
R.T 2 P2
5
0,611 300 K 83,14472 cm3 . mol . K
V 2=
T 320
= =0,8653
Jawab: Tr = T c 369,8
P 16
= =0,37664
Pr= Pc 42,48
)0,2875 ] c m3
Vc Zc[ 1Tr
(
Vliq= =97,01795
mol
= mliq=
3
Vtank 0,35 m 44,097 gr
0,8 mr ( propane )=0,8 6 3
Vliq 10 m mol
97,01795
mol
0,422
2. Bo=0,083 T r 1,6 = -0,4489
0,172
B1=0,139 T r 4,2 = -0,1768
R.T Tc
Vvap= P + (Bo+ B1).R. Pc
+
mol . K
= 83,14472 c m3 . -0,4489+ (0,152.-0,1768).
16
320 K
42,48
369,8 K c m3
mol . K = 1318,531 mol
83,14472c m 3 .
= mvap=
3
Vtank 0,35 m 44,097 gr
0,2 mr ( propane )=0,2 6 3
Vvap 10 m mol
1318,531
mol
30,07gr/mol)
= 49636,84 gr
= 49,64 kg
B. Diketahui : Etana Vtotal = 0,15 m3
Tc = 305,3 K
P = 20 000 kPa Pc =
48.72 bar
m = 40 kg
Ditanya : T = ...?
Jawab :
V
V = Total
40 kg
P.V
Tr= =
Z dimana R .T c
mol
=29,548
kg
0,889 P .V
Tr= Pr=
Z pada R . Tc
T = 400c
Ditanya: P..?
Jawab
V
Vtotal 0,4 m3 m3
V= = = 0,0266
Mwater 15 kg kg
cm3
V= 26,667 g
Answer:
Diketahui: - V= 0.5 m
- Tc= 304.2 K
T
=0.997
- Tr= Tc
- = 0.224
- BM CO2= 44 gr/mol
Jawaban:
0.422
0.083 =0.341
B= Tr
0.172
0.139 =0.036
B= Tr
3
cm
V 3
=2.2 x 10 mol
V= m
BM
RT
=10.863
P= V B+ . B . R . Tc
( Pc ( ))
dan 75 bar
Diketahui :
untuk isobutan :
cm3
Tc= 408.1 K V1 = 1.824 gr P1 = 4
bar P2 = 75 bar
Ditanya : V2 ?
T1 P1 T2
Tr1 = Tc P r1 = Pc Tr2 = Tc
P2
P r2 = Pc
Tr1 = 0 .7 3 5 P r1 = 0 .1 1 Tr2 = 1 .0 1 7 P r2 = 2 .0 5 6
Da ri Fig . (3 .1 7 ): r1 = 2 .4 5
P .Vc
r = Z. R.T d e n g a n Z d a ri p e rs a m a a n (3 .5 7 )
d a n t a b le E.3 d a n E.4 . s e h in g g a
cm3
Vc = 2 6 2 .7 mol = 0 .1 8 1 Z 0 = 0 .3 3 5 6
Z 1 = -0 .0 7 5 6
P2 V c
Z = Z 0+ . Z 1 Z = 0 .3 2 2 r2 = Z . R . T2
r2 = 1 .7 7 4
r 1 cm
3
Pe rs a m a a n (3 .7 5 ) V2 = V1 r 2 V2 = 2 .5 1 9 gr
Dik : Tc = 5 1 3 ,9 K
T = 4 5 3 ,1 6 K
Pc = 6 1 , 4 8 b a r
P = 200 ba r
Dit : ?
T 453,15 K
Pe ny: Tr = Tc = 513,9 K = 0, 8 8 2
61,48
P
Pr = Pc = 200 = 3, 2 5 3
3
cm
Vc = 1 6 7 mol
gm
m ol w t = 4 6 . 0 6 9 mol
fro m fi g 3. 1 7 :
r = 2. 2 8
Pr
= P r . Pc = Vc
r
= Vc
mol watt
2.28
= 167 c m3
46.069 gm
2.28
= c m3
3,625
gm
gm
= 0, 6 2 9 c m3
Jaw a b .
Th e Co m pr e s sibility fa ct or is r el at e d t o t h e m e a s u r e d
q u a n titie s b y :
t t
PV MP V
Z= nRT = mRT
(A)
By Eq. (3. 3 8)
( Z1 ) M V t
B = (Z-1)V = m
(B)
dZ dM dP dVt
Z = M + P + Vt -
dm dT
m - T (C)
dB Z dZ d V t dM dm
(b). By Eq. (B) = + + t +
B Z1 Z V M m
Z dP dT 2 Z 1 d V t dM dm
By Eq. (C)
dB
=
B Z1 P
T(+
Z1 V t ) +
M
m ( )
Th er efor
Max | %
B | Z1
Z
|(| P|+| T|)+ 2ZZ1
1
t
(| V |+| M |+| m|)
Penyelesaian:
Diket a h ui :
1 0 g a l o n g a s olin s e t a r a d e n g a n 1 4 0 ft 3 m e t a n a p a d a
t e m p e r a t u r 6 0 0F d a n t ek a n a n 1 a t m .
D e n g a n m e n g a s u s m sik a n b a h w a ko n di si y a n g a d a p a d a
g a s a d al a h g a s id e al, m a k a d e n g a n m e n g g u n a k a n
p er s a m a a n g a s id e al dip erol e h :
P.V
n = R.T
n = 3,689 lbmol
Unt uk m e t a n a p a d a 3 0 0 0 p si d a n 6 0 0F a d al a h
Tc = 1 9 0, 6 . 1, 8 Ra nkin e
T = 5 1 9, 6 7 Ra nkin e
T
Tr = T c
Tr = 1,515
Pc = 4 5, 9 9 b a r
P = 3 0 0 0 p si
P
Pr = P c
Pr = 4,498
= 0,012
D ari t a b el E.3 d a n E.4 dip er ol e h :
Z 0 = 0, 8 1 9
Z 1 = 0, 2 3 4
Z = Z0 + . Z1
Z = 0,822
Den g a n m e n g g u n aka n p er s a m a a n gas id e al, m a k a
dip er ol e h :
Z nRT
Vtank = P
Tem p er a t u r B oyl e a d al a h t e m p er a t u r u n t uk p er s a m a a n
dib a w a h ini:
lim
P0
( ZP )
T
=0
JAWAB:
( ZP )
T
2
= B + 2 CP+ 3 D P +
Dim a n a :
lim
P 0
( ZP )
T
= B
Jika B = 0,
B
B = RT m aka B = BRT = 0
b) Unt uk si m pl e fl uid, =0 , d a n
BPC Pr
Z =1+
BP
RT = 1 + ( )
RT C T r
BP C
=B0 + B1
RT C
BP C
B 0=
RT C
Jika B=0, m a k a :
0,422
B 0=0,083 =0
T 1,6
r
Dan :
( 1 /1,6 )
0,442
Tr= ( 0,083 ) =2,763
N ZC
0. 0. 0 0
1
2 0. 0. 0 0
0. 0. 0 0
3
0. 0. 0 0
4
0. 0. 0 0
5
0. 0. 0 0
6
0. 0. 0 0
7
0. 0. 0 0
8
0. 0. 0 0
9
1 0. 0. 0 0
1 0. 0. 0 0
1 0. 0. 0 0
1 0. 0. 0 0
1 0. 0. 0 0
1 0. 0. 0 0
1 0. 0. 0 0
1 0. 0. 0 0
1 0. 0. 0 0
1 0. 0. 0 0
2 0. 0. 0 0
2 0. 0. 0 0
2 0. 0. 0 0
2 0. 0. 0 0
2 0. 0. 0 0
2 0. 0. 0 0
2 0. 0. 0 0
2 0. 0. 0 0
2 0. 0. 0 0
2 0. 0. 0 0
3 0. 0. 0 0
3 0. 0. 0 0
3 0. 0. 0 0
3 0. 0. 0 0
3 0. 0. 0 0
3 0. 0. 0 0
3 0. 0. 0 0
3 0. 0. 0 0
3 0. 0. 0 0
3 0. 0. 0 0
4 0. 0. 0 0
4 0. 0. 0 0
1 1 3 2
Tabel 1. Data Perbandingan Harga terhadap ZC dari 41
Senyawa Pertama
Data di atas dapat digunakan untuk mencari persamaan
korelasi linear dengan rumus:
N N N
b i2+ a i= i Z C i
i=1 i=1 i=1
N N
b + aN= Z Ci
i=1 i=1
3.0804b + 10.561a= 2.7743
10.56110.89710.561 b
3.0804 b+ =2.7743
41
b=0.0906
10.89710.561(0.0906)
a=
41
a=0.2891
Perbandingan terhadap ZC
0.350
0.300
f(x) = - 0.09x + 0.29
0.250
0.200
ZC 0.150
0.100
0.050
0.000
0.000 0.100 0.200 0.300 0.400 0.500 0.600