1. Diagram 1.1 shows the structure of an animal cell.

Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan struktur satu sel haiwan.

Diagram 1.1 / Rajah 1.1

(a)(i) Name the organelle P and Q.

Namakan organel P dan Q
P : …………………………………….. …………………………………………..…

Q: …………………………………………………………………………………….
[2 marks / 2 markah ]
(ii) State one structural difference between P and Q.
Nyatakan satu perbezaan struktur antara P dan Q.

……………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark / 1 markah ]

(b) Explain one role of P which is related to the secretion of sex hormone
Terangkan satu peranan P yang berkaitan dangan rembesan hormon seks.

……………………………………………………………………………………………...
[2 marks / 2 markah ]
(c) Diagram 1.2 shows the formation of a molecule of fat
Diagram 1.2 menunjukkan pembentukan satu molekul lemak.

+ + 3H2O

Diagram 1.2 / Rajah 1.2

 Explain the process which occurs in Diagram 1.2
Terangkan proses yang berlaku dalam Rajah 1.2.

…….………………………………………………………………………………………

…….……………………………………………………………………………………….

……..………………………………………………………………………………………

……….…………………………………………………………………………………….
[3 marks / 3 Markah]
(d ) Diagram 1.3 shows arrangement of four carbons atom in fatty acid from different type of
fat X and Y.
Rajah 1.3 menunjukkan susunan empat atom karbon dalam asid lemak dari jenis lemak
yang berbeza, X dan Y.

Fat X Fat Y

-C-C=C-C- C-C-C-C

Diagram 1.3a /Rajah 1.3a

(i) Which type of fat does not contain cholesterol and give an example.
Jenis lemak manakah tidak mengandungi kolesterol dan berikan satu contoh.

…….……………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………...
[2 mark / 2 Markah]

(ii) Explain the long term effect of taking excess cholesterol related to the cardiovascular
diseases.
Terangkan kesan jangka panjang pengambilan kolesterol berlebihan yang berkaitan
dengan penyakit kardiovaskular.

.....................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................
[2 marks / 2 Markah]
 2. Diagram 2.1 shows the fluid-mosaic model of plasma membrane.
Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan model bendalir mozek membran plasma.
Glycoprotein
Glikoprotein

Phospolipid
Fosfolipid Cholesterol
Kolesterol
Carrier protein
Protein pembawa
(a) (i) What is the main component of plasma membrane?
Apakah komponen utama membran plasma?

……………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(ii) State the function of cholesterol in plasma membrane.
Nyatakan fungsi kolesterol dalam dwilapisan membrane plasma.

……………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

(b) Plasma membrane is a semi-permeable membrane. It only allow certain molecules to

move across it. State two general factors that determine the molecules that can move
across the plasma membrane.
Membran plasma adalah membran separa telap. Ia hanya membenarkan sesetengah
molekul sahaja bergerak merentasinya. Nyatakan dua faktor umum yang menentukan
molekul yang boleh bergerak merentasi membran plasma.

1.…………………………………………………………………………………………….
2.…………………………………………………………………………………………….

[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(c) Diagram 2.2 shows transport processes that occur across the plasma membrane.
Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan proses pengangkutan yang berlaku merentasi membran plasma.

Diagram 2.2
Rajah 2.2

(i) Name one example of substance that can cross the plasma membrane through process A.
Namakan satu contoh bahan yang boleh merentasi membran plasma secara Proses A.

……………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 markah]
[1 mark]

(ii) State two differences between Process B and Process C.

Nyatakan dua perbezaan di antara Proses B dan Proses C.

Process B Process C
Proses B Proses C

[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(d) Glucose is the main substrate required by cell for cellular respiration. Explain how
glucose transported into the cell across plasma membrane?
Glukosa merupakan substrat utama yang diperlukan oleh sel untuk respirasi sel.
Terangkan bagaimana glukosa diangkut ke dalam sel merentasi membran plasma ?

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………
[3 markah]
[3 marks]

(e) Diagram 2.3 shows an egg is immersed in concentrated salt solution.

Rajah 2.3 menunjukkan sebiji telur direndam dalam larutan garam pekat.

Egg Concentrated salt solution

Telur Larutan garam tepu

Diagram 2.3
Rajah 2.3

Explain what happen to the egg after a week?

Terangkan apa yang berlaku kepada telur selepas seminggu?

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………
[3 markah]
[3 marks]
3. Enzymes are biological catalysts that guide almost all cellular reactions. Without
enzymes, biological reactions will take too long to complete.
Enzim adalah pemangkin biologi yang mengawal kebanyakan tindak balas di dalam sel.
Tanpa enzim, tindak balas biologi akan mengambil masa yang sangat lama untuk
lengkap.

Diagram 3.1 shows the ‘lock and key’ hypothesis of enzyme action.
Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan hipotesis ‘mangga dan kunci’ tindakan enzim.

Diagram 3.1
Rajah 3.1

(a) Based on Diagram 3.1, which is the substrate? Explain why.

Berdasarkan Rajah 3.1, yang manakah substrat? Terangkan mengapa.

Substrate
Substrat : ……………...……………………………

Reason
Sebab:

………………………...…………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

(b) The products of this enzyme reaction is fructose and glucose. Name the possible
substrate.
Hasil tindak balas enzim ini adalah fruktosa dan glukosa. Namakan substrat yang
mungkin.

……………………...…………………………
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

(c) In most reactions, enzyme is only needed in small quantity to act on substrate.Why?
Dalam kebanyakan tindak balas, enzim hanya diperlukan dalam kuantiti yang kecil
untuk bertindak ke atas substrat. Kenapa?

……….…………………..…………………………………………...…………………
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(d) Most laundry detergents contain enzyme amylase. Explain why.
Kebanyakan sabun pencuci pakaian mengandungi enzim amilase. Terangkan mengapa.

…………..…………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………..…………………………………

………………………………………………………………..……………………………
[3 marks]
[3 markah]

(e) Diagram 3.2 shows a graph of the rate of reaction against the concentration of substrate.
Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan graf kadar tindak balas melawan kepekatan substrat.

Rate of enzymatic reaction

Kadar tindakbalas enzim

R S
Q
P
Substrate concentration( %)
Diagram 3.2 Kepekatan substrat (%)
Rajah 3.2

(i) Based on Diagram 2.2, explain the graph part PQ.

Berdasarkan Rajah 2.2, terangkan graf bahagian PQ.

.…………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………

.…………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

(ii) The part RS on the graph shows the rate of reaction is constant. Explain why.
Suggest how to increase the rate of reaction from this point. Support your suggestion
with suitable explanations.
Bahagian RS pada graf menunjukkan kadar tindak balas malar. Terangkan mengapa.
Cadangkan bagaimana untuk meningkatkan kadar tindak balas daripada titik ini.
Sokong cadangan anda dengan penerangan yang sesuai.

…………..………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………..………………………………

………………………………………………………………..…………………………
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
4. Diagram 4 shows nucleus of a parent cell and the nuclei of the daughter cells after a cell
division.
Rajah 4 menunujukkan satu nucleus sel induk dan dua nucleus sel-sel anak selepas
pembahagian sel.

Diagram 4
Rajah 4

(a). Based on Diagram 4.

Berdasarkan Rajah 4.

(i) State the type of cell division.

Nyatakan jenis pembahagian sel yang ditunjukkan.

………………………………………………………………………………..
(1 mark)

(ii) Give two reasons for your answer in (a)(i).

Berikan dua alasan bagi jawapan anda (a)(i).

1 ……………………………………………………………………………..

2 ……………………………………………………………………………..
(2 marks)

(b). Explain the importance of the process to the living organism.

Terangkan kepentingan proses tersebut terhadap organism hidup.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………
(2 marks)
(c).(i). For a plant cell where 2n=4 , draw the cell in the box below to show the chromosomal
behaviour during the stage of Metaphase 1 in meiosis.
Untuk satu sel tumbuhan yang mempunyai 2n=4 lukis sel tersebut dalam kotak di
bawah untuk menunjukkan perlakuan kromosomdalam peringkat Metafasa 1 meiosis.

(2 marks)

(ii). Explain the events during metaphase 1 which contribute to variation in organisms in
organisms.
Terangkan kejadian semasa metafasa 1 yang menyumbang kepada variasi dalam organisma.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(2 marks)
(c) Uncontrolled meiosis leads to production of gametes with an abnormal number of
chromosomes. Name one disease caused by uncontrolled meiosis.
Meiosis tidak terkawal mengakibatkan penghasilan gamet dengan bilangan kromosom
yang tidak normal. Namakan satu penyakit yang disebabkam oleh pembahagian meiosis
yang tidak terkawal.

…………………………………………………………………………….
(1 mark)
5. Diagram 5(a) shows two individuals P and Q in two different situations. P is in a
vigorous activity while Q is at rest. Process of R and S occur in a human muscle cell.
Rajah 5(a) menunjukkan dua individu P dan Q dalam dua situasi yng berbeza. P sedang
melakukan satu aktiviti cergas manakala Q beada dalam keadaan rehat. Proses R dan S
berlaku dalam satu sel otot manusia.

Individual P Individual Q
Individu P Individu Q

Diagram 5(a)
Rajah 5(a)

(a) Base on Diagram 5 (a), name the process :

Berdasarkan Rajah 5(a), namakan proses:

Process R/ Proses R :……………………………………………………..

Process S/ Proses S :……………………………………………………..

(2 marks)

(b) Write the equation of process S.

Tuliskan persamaan bagi proses S.

………………………………………………………………………………………..
(2 marks)

(c) Explain two differences between process R and process S

Terangkan dua perbezaan antara proses R dan S.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………
(2 marks)
(d) Diagram 5(b) i shows fish respiratory structure and Diagram 5(b) ii is shows mammal
respiratory structure.
Rajah 5(b) i menunjukkan struktur pernafasan ikan dan Rajah 5(b) ii menunjukkan
struktur pernafasan mamalia.

Diagram 5(b) i Diagram 5(b) ii

Rajah 5(b) i Rajah 5(b) ii

(i) What is X?
Apakah X?

…………………………………………………………………..
(1 mark)

(ii) State two characteristics of X, which makes it a good respiratory structure for fish.
Nyatakan dua ciri struktur X yang menjadikan ia struktur pernafasan yang baik bagi
ikan.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………
(2 marks)

(iii). Explain three adaptations for structures shows in Diagram 5(b) ii to carry out its function
efficiently.
Terangkan tiga adaptasi yang terdapat pada struktur yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 5(b)
ii dalam menjalankan fungsinya dengan cekap.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………
(3 markah)
 BAHAGIAN B

6. Diagram 6.1 shows the cross section of a leaf.

Rajah 6.1 menunjukkan keratan rentas daun.

Diagram 6.1
Rajah 6.1

(a) (i) Based on Diagram 6.1 , explain four adaptations of the leaf to carry out the process of
photosynthesis effeciently
Berdasarkan Rajah 6.1 , terangkan empat penyesuaian yang terdapat pada daun untuk
menjalankan proses fotosintesis dengan cekap.
[8 marks]
[8 markah]

(i) The process of photosynthesis that occur in the mesophyll palisade cells involves
light reaction and dark reaction. Compare and contrast light reaction and dark
reaction.
Proses fotosintesis yang berlaku dalam sel mesofil palisad melibatkan tindak balas
cahaya dan tindak balas gelap. Banding dan bezakan tindak balas cahaya dan tindak
balas gelap.
[6 marks]
[6 markah ]
(b) Greenhouse is used to control biotic and abiotic factors to increase the yield of crops.
Diagram shows the strawberry plants grown in a greenhouse.
Rumah hijau digunakan untuk mengawal faktor biotik dan abiotik untuk meningkatkan
hasil tanaman. Rajah menunjukkkan pokok strawberi yang ditanam dalam rumah hijau.

Diagram 6.2 / Rajah 6.2

Explain how the greenhouse influences the productivity of the strawberry plants.
Terangkan bagaimana rumah hijau mempengaruhi produktiviti pokok strawberi itu.
[6marks / 6 markah]

7(a) Diagram 7(a) shows a frog carry out inhalation and exhalation. Explain the process.

Rajah 1(a) menunujukkan seekor katak menjalankan inspirasi dan eksperasi.

Terangkan proses-proses yang berlaku.

Nostril/Lubang
hidung Lung/Peparu
u
Buccal cavity/Rongga
mulut

Inhalation/ Exhalation/
Inspirasi Ekspirasi

Diagram 7(a) /Rajah 7(a)

(6 marks /6 markah)
 ( b ) Diagram 1(b) shows the changes of atmospheric pressure with the altitude. Diagram 1(c)
shows the equipments wore by a mountain climber.
Rajah 1(b) menunjukkan perubahan tekanan atmosfera dengan altitude. Rajah 1(c)
menunjukkan kelengkapan yang dipakai oleh seorang pendaki gunung

Diagram 7b)
Rajah 7(b)

Diagram 7(c)
Rajah 7(c)

(c ) Explain why the mountain climber needs to wear such equipments?

Terangkan kenapa pendaki gunung perlu memakai kelengkapan yang sedemikian ?
[ 6 marks / 6 markah]
(d) Diagram 7(d) shows two athletes who have just completed the running, both of them
suffer from muscle fatigue and lead to muscle pain. Athlete A choose to sit down to wait
for the pain to disappear while Athlete B choose to walk slowly.
Rajah 1(d) menunjukkan dua orang atlet yang baru tamat dari larian, kedua- duanya
mengalami keletihan otot dan membawa kepada sakit otot. Atlet A memilih duduk dan
rehat untuk menunggu keletihan itu hilang manakala atlet B memilih berjalan
perlahan-lahan bagi menghilangkan keletihan otot.

Diagram 7(d)
Rajah 7(d)

Explain which athlete will recover faster from the muscle fatigue ?
Terangkan atlet manakah akan terlebih dahulu pulih dari keletihan otot ?

[ 8 marks ]
[ 8 markah ]

8. The following organisms can be found in a paddy field community.

Organisma berikut boleh ditemui dalam komuniti sawah padi.

 Grasshoppper / Belalang
 Paddy plant / Pokok padi
 Dragonfly / Pepatung
 Frog / Katak
 Owl / Burung hantu
 Snake / Ular
 Rat / Tikus

These organisms interact with one another in the community.

Organisma ini berinteraksi antara satu sama lain dalam komuniti ini.
 (i) Based on the organisms given, construct:
Berdasarkan organisma yang diberikan, bina:

 A food web showing the interaction of all organisms.

Satu jaringan makanan yang menunjukkan interaksi antara semua organisma.

 A pyramid of numbers consisting of four trophic levels.

Satu piramid nombor yang terdiri daripada empat aras trof.

[4 marks /markah]

(ii) Grasshoppers are pests of paddy plants.

Suggest two methods to control the population of grasshoppers in the paddy field.
Explain the impact of these control methods on the paddy field community.

Belalang merupakan haiwan perosak bagi pokok padi.

Cadangkan dua cara untuk mengawal populasi belalang dalam sawah padi.
Terangkan impak cara kawalan ini terhadap komuniti sawah padi.

[6 marks /markah]

(b) Diagram 8 shows an ecosystem in Malaysia.

Rajah 8 menunjukkan suatu ekosistem di Malaysia.

Diagram 8
Rajah 8

Based on Diagram 8, discuss why the ecosystem has to be maintained.

Berdasarkan Rajah 8, bincangkan mengapa ekosistem ini perlu dikekalkan.
[10 marks / markah]
9. (a) Diagram 9 shows a recycle logo.
Rajah 9 menunjukkan satu logo kitar semula.

Diagram 8
Rajah 8

The materials that can be recycled are from natural resources.

 Paper from trees
 Glass from minerals
 Plastic from petroleum

Explain how the practice in recycling the materials contribute in maintaining the
balance of nature.

Bahan-bahan yang boleh dikitar semula adalah daripada sumber bahan

semulajadi.
 Kertas daripada pokok
 Kaca daripada mineral
 Plastik daripada petroleum

Terangkan bagaimana amalan mengitar semula bahan-bahan tersebut

menyumbang kepada pengekalan keseimbangan alam.

[10 marks / markah]

(b) A rapid industrial area is identified as an area that has a low pH value of
rainwater. It gives impact to the environment.

Discuss the above statement.

Satu kawasan perindustrian yang pesat dikenal pasti sebagai kawasan yang
mempunyai nilai pH air hujan yang rendah. Ini memberi kesan terhadap
alam sekitar.

Bincangkan pernyataan di atas.

[10 marks / markah]
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