1

BAB I PENDAHULUAN
Sebelum adanya hukum gauss, para fisikawan seringkali berfikir,bagaimana dan berapa
besar muatan yang terkandung dalam suatu sumber muatan Sejatinya, besarnya muatan
tersebut tidakakan tak terbatas. Besarnya medan listrik tersebut haruslah fungsi
dari jarak terhadap sumber muatan.Misalnya saja besar medan listrik pada jarak
yang lebih besarakan mempunyai nilai yang lebih kecil bila dibandingkan dengan
jarak yang lebih dekat dengan sumber muatan. Hukum
Gauss (Gauss’s law) adalah
sebuah alternative dari hukum Columb untuk menyatakan hubungan antara muatan
listrik dan medan listrik. Hukum itu dirumuskan oleh Carl Friedrich 11.8 Gauss
(1777-1855), salah seorang matematikawan terbesar sepanjang masa.Banyak bidang
Hukum matematika yang dipengaruhinya, dan dia membuat kontribusi yang s:rma
pentingnya untuk fisika teoritis. Hukum Gauss menyatakan bahwa fluks listrik total
yang melalui sebarang permukaan tertutup (sebuah permukaan yang mencakup volume
tertentu) sebanding dengan muatan lisfiik (netto) total di dalam permukaan itu.
Kita sekarang akan mengembangkan secara lebih tepat. Kita akan mengawalinya dengan
medan sebuah muatan titik positif tunggal q. Garis-garis medanitu dipancarkan
keluar sama besar dalam semua arah. Kita menempatkan muatan ini di pusat sebuah
permukaan bola khayal yang jari-jarinya R. Besar E dari medan listrik di tiap-tiap
titik pada permukaan itu diberikan oleh



Hukum Gauss adalah bagian dari kunci penggunaan pertimbangan simetri untuk
menyederhanakan perhitungan medan-listrik. Misalnya, medan distribusi muatan garis
lurus atau distribusi muatan lembar bidang, Sebagai tambahan untuk

2
membuat perhitungan tertentu lebih mudah, hukum Gauss akan memberikan juga kepada
kita pandangan ke dalam (
insight
) mengenai bagaimana muatan listrik mendistribusikan dirinya pada benda penghantaf
(konduktor). Jadi lewat pemaparan danpenjelasan di atas, dapat dijelaskan secara
singkat, bahwa hukum Gauss yang juga dikenal sebagai teorema fluks's Gauss, adalah
hukum yang berkaitan distribusi muatan listrik untuk yang dihasilkan medan
listrik . Hukum Gauss menyatakan bahwa: Fluks listrik melalui permukaan tertutup
sebanding dengan tertutup muatan listrik . Undang-undang itu dirumuskan oleh Carl
Friedrich Gauss pada 1835, tapi tidak dipublikasikan hingga 1867. Ini adalah salah
satu dari empat 'persamaan Maxwell yang membentuk dasar dari elektrodinamika klasik
,tiga lainnyaadalah yang hukum Gauss untuk magnetisme , 's hukum Faraday tentang
induksi , dan itu hukum Ampere dengan'skoreksi Maxwell . Teman-dansebaliknya. Hukum
Gauss dapat dinyatakan dalam bentuk integral: Mana tangan sisi kiri persamaan
adalah integral permukaan yang menunjukkan fluks listrik melalui permukaan tertutup
S, dan tangan sisi kanan dari persamaan adalah jumlah yang dibebankan tertutup
oleh S dibagi dengan konstanta listrik . Penjelasan tentang hukum Gauss secara
lebih rinci akan dijelaskan pada bab selanjutnya.

3
BAB II PEMBAHASAN A.

KonsepFluksListrik
Sebelum kita membahas lebih jauh tentang Hukum Gauss, maka ada beberapa hal yang
perlu untuk diketahui salah satunya adalah konsep fluks listrik Fluks listrik
adalah ukuran aliran medan listrik yang melalui sebuah permukaan. Fluks listrik
total yang melalui permukaan Pada dua titika dalah SAMA (a)
(b) (c)
PengertianHukum Gauss

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