PENGOLAHAN DATA
Rumus :
Q =k . h5/2
Dengan :
Q = Debit air pada alat ukur Thomson ( m3/detik )
h = Tinggi air ( m )
k = Koefisien debit ( m0,5/detik )
= 1,3533 + ( 0,004/h ) + 0,0167 ( 8,4 + 12/√D ) x ( h/B – 0,09 )2
D = Tinggi dari dasar saluran ke titik terendah dari mercu ( m )
B = Lebar alat ukur Thomson bagian hulu (m)
Diketahui :
B = 55 cm = 0,55 m
D = 20,5 cm = 0,205 m
h = 0,065 cm = 0,065 m
Maka :
12 h
2
0.004
k = 1.3533 + + 0.0167 8.4 x 0.09
h D B
2
12
= 1.3533 + 0.004 + 0.0167 8.4 x 0.065 0.09
0.205 0.55
0.065
= 1,415301401 m0,5/detik
Sehingga di dapat :
Q = k . h5/2
= 1,415301401 . ( 0,065)5/2
= 0.001525 m3/detik
V=Q/A
Contoh Perhitungan :
H1 = 0,12 m (berdasarkan data)
H0 = 0 m
Hg = 0,12 - 0 = 0,12 m
V2/2g =0,6352 / 2. 9,81= 0,021 m
Eg = 0,12 + 0,021= 0,141 m
Tabel 5.1.1
Kemiringan Garis Hidrolik Dan Kemiringan Garis Energi Debit I(0.001525m3/detik)
Percobaan (m) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
H1 0.120 0.105 0.097 0.096 0.055 0.033 0.030
I H0 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Outlet Hg 0.120 0.105 0.097 0.096 0.055 0.033 0.030
Bebas V2/2g 0.021 0.021 0.021 0.021 0.061 0.061 0.061
Eg 0.141 0.126 0.118 0.117 0.116 0.094 0.091
HL n =En – En+1
Dengan :
En = Tinggi garis energi tabung ke n ( m )
En+1 = Tinggi garis energi tabung ke n + 1 ( m )
hc =
Keterangan :
Percobaan I : Outlet bebas
Percobaan II : Outlet tidak bebas
Percobaan III : Outlet tenggelam
Contoh Perhitungan :
Eg1 = 0,141 m
Eg2 = 0,126 m
Hf = 0,141 – 0,126 = 0,0015 m
hc =
Dimana :
Re = Bilangan Reynold
V = Kecepatan rata-rata ( m/detik )
υ = Kekentalan kinematis (m2/detik)
D = Diameter pipa ( m )
Tabel 5.1.3
Hubungan Kekentalan Kinematis dan Temperatur
Tabel 5.1.4
Perhitungan Jenis Aliran Debit I(0.001525m3/detik)
Percobaan t˚C Ʋ (m²/dt) V (m/dt) D (m) Re Jenis Aliran
dalam
I
(1-2) 25 0.000000897 0.6350 0.055 38935.34 Turbulen
(2-3) 25 0.000000897 0.6350 0.055 38935.34 Turbulen
(3-4) 25 0.000000897 0.6350 0.055 38935.34 Turbulen
(4-5) 25 0.000000897 1.0980 0.049 59979.93 Turbulen
(5-6) 25 0.000000897 1.0980 0.042 51411.37 Turbulen
(6-7) 25 0.000000897 1.0980 0.042 51411.37 Turbulen
II
(1-2) 25 0.000000897 0.6350 0.055 38935.34 Turbulen
(2-3) 25 0.000000897 0.6350 0.055 38935.34 Turbulen
(3-4) 25 0.000000897 0.6350 0.055 38935.34 Turbulen
(4-5) 25 0.000000897 1.0980 0.049 59979.93 Turbulen
(5-6) 25 0.000000897 1.0980 0.042 51411.37 Turbulen
(6-7) 25 0.000000897 1.0980 0.042 51411.37 Turbulen
III
(1-2) 25 0.000000897 0.6350 0.055 38935.34 Turbulen
(2-3) 25 0.000000897 0.6350 0.055 38935.34 Turbulen
(3-4) 25 0.000000897 0.6350 0.055 38935.34 Turbulen
(4-5) 25 0.000000897 1.0980 0.049 59979.93 Turbulen
(5-6) 25 0.000000897 1.0980 0.042 51411.37 Turbulen
(6-7) 25 0.000000897 1.0980 0.042 51411.37 Turbulen
E. Kontrol Debit
Dihitung besarnya debit berdasarkan rumus Cheezy, dengan jalan
menghitung besar faktor gesekan berdasarkan rumus Darcy – Weisbach :
Dengan :
f = Faktor gesekan
C = Koefisien Cheezy (m1/2/detik)
Sehingga besarnya debit :
Q= AV =A C ( R S )0,5
Dengan :
A = Luas penampang pipa ( m2 )
R = jari-jari hidrolik ( m )
= A/P
S = Kemiringan garis energi
= ∑ hf / L
L = Panjang pipa ( m )
hf = Kehilangan tinggi tekan ( m )
V = Kecepatan rata – rata (m/detik)
Contoh Perhitungan :
Hf = 0,015 m
D = 0,055 m
L = 1,132 m
V = 0,635 m/dt
f = 0,015 (0,055/1,132). (2.9,81/0,6352)
= 0,0355
Tabel 5.1.5
Penentuan Koefisien Gesek Debit I(0.001525m3/detik)
Contoh Perhitungan :
8g = 8. 9,81 = 78,48 m/detik2
f = 0,03546
C = (78,48/0.03546)0,5
= 47,04464 (m1/2/detik)
Tabel 5.1.6
Penentuan Koefisien Cheezy Debit I(0.001525m3/detik)
Percobaan 8g f C
I
(1-2) 78.48 0.0355 47.0181
(2-3) 78.48 0.0183 65.4868
(3-4) 78.48 0.0023 184.7207
(4-5) 78.48 0.265 17.209
(5-6) 78.48 0.0208 61.4254
(6-7) 78.48 0.0027 170.4895
II
(1-2) 78.48 0.026 54.9405
(2-3) 78.48 0.0275 53.4211
(3-4) 78.48 0.0096 90.4157
(4-5) 78.48 0.2752 16.8871
(5-6) 78.48 0.0218 60
(6-7) 78.48 0.0018 208.8061
III
(1-2) 78.48 0.0213 60.7001
(2-3) 78.48 0.0183 65.4868
(3-4) 78.48 0.0143 74.0818
(4-5) 78.48 0.2701 17.04579
(5-6) 78.48 0.0179 66.2145
(6-7) 78.48 0.0018 208.8061
Contoh Perhitungan :
A = 1/4 π D2
= 1/4 . 3,14 . (0,055)2
= 0,0024 m2
P =πD
= 3,14. 0,055
= 0,1727
R = A/P
= 0,0024/ 0,1727
= 0,0139
C = 47, 0435
Hf = 0,015
L = 1,132
S = Hf/ L
= 0,015/1,132
= 0,0133
V Cheesy = { C. (R.S)0,5}
= { 47,0435 . (0,0139. 0,0133)0,5}
= 0,6396 m/dt
Q Cheesy = V Cheesy . A
= 0,6396 . 0,0024
= 0,0015 m3/dt
Tabel 5.1.7
Penentuan Debit Rumus Cheezy Debit I (0.001525m3/detik)
Q
R S V cheezy
Percobaan A (m²) P (m) C Hf (m) L (m) cheezy
(A/P) (Hf/L) (C* (R.S)0,5
m³/dt
I
(1-2) 0.0024 0.1727 0.0139 47.0181 0.015 1.132 0.013251 0.6347 0.0015
(2-3) 0.0024 0.1727 0.0139 65.4868 0.008 1.167 0.006855 0.6358 0.0015
(3-4) 0.0024 0.1727 0.0139 184.7207 0.001 1.120 0.000893 0.6472 0.0015
(4-5) 0.0019 0.1539 0.0123 17.209 0.103 0.310 0.332258 1.1001 0.0021
(5-6) 0.0014 0.1319 0.0106 61.4254 0.022 0.722 0.030471 1.0987 0.0015
(6-7) 0.0014 0.1319 0.0106 170.4895 0.003 0.750 0.004000 1.1049 0.0015
II
(1-2) 0.0024 0.1727 0.0139 54.9405 0.011 1.132 0.009717 0.6351 0.0015
(2-3) 0.0024 0.1727 0.0139 53.4211 0.012 1.167 0.010283 0.6352 0.0015
(3-4) 0.0024 0.1727 0.0139 90.4157 0.004 1.120 0.003571 0.6336 0.0015
(4-5) 0.0019 0.1539 0.0123 16.8871 0.107 0.310 0.345161 1.1003 0.0021
(5-6) 0.0014 0.1319 0.0106 60 0.023 0.722 0.031856 1.0973 0.0015
(6-7) 0.0014 0.1319 0.0106 208.8061 0.002 0.750 0.002667 1.1049 0.0015
III
(1-2) 0.0024 0.1727 0.0139 60.7001 0.009 1.132 0.007951 0.6347 0.0015
(2-3) 0.0024 0.1727 0.0139 65.4868 0.008 1.167 0.006855 0.6358 0.0015
(3-4) 0.0024 0.1727 0.0139 74.0818 0.006 1.120 0.005357 0.6358 0.0015
(4-5) 0.0019 0.1539 0.0123 17.0458 0.105 0.310 0.338710 1.1002 0.0021
(5-6) 0.0014 0.1319 0.0106 66.2145 0.019 0.722 0.026316 1.1007 0.0015
(6-7) 0.0014 0.1319 0.0106 208.8061 0.002 0.750 0.002667 1.1049 0.0015
Keterangan Tabel :
1. Data percobaan
2. A = Luas penampang pipa (m2)
3. P = Keliling pipa dalam (m)
4. R = Jari-jari Hidrolik (m) = A/P
5. C = Koefisien Cheezy (m1/2/detik)
6. hf = Kehilangan tinggi tekan akibat gesekan (m)
7. L = Panjang pipa (m)
8. S = Kemiringan garis energi
9. V cheezy = C . ( R . S )0,5
10. Q cheezy = V cheezy . A
Jari-jari hidrolik :
Rumus :
R =A / P
A = 1/4 π D
= 0,25 . 3,14. 0,0552
= 0,0024 m2
P =πD
= 3,14 . 0,055
= 0,1727 m
R =A/P
= 0,0024 / 0,1727
= 0,0138 m
Tabel 5.1.8
Jari-jari Hidrolik Debit I (0.001525 m3/detik)
A = 0.25 πd2
No Pipa d (m) P = π d (m) R = A/P
(m)2
(1-2) 0.055 0.0024 0.1727 0.0139
(2-3) 0.055 0.0024 0.1727 0.0139
(3-4) 0.055 0.0024 0.1727 0.0139
(4-5) 0.049 0.0019 0.1539 0.0123
(5-6) 0.042 0.0014 0.1319 0.0106
(6-7) 0.042 0.0014 0.1319 0.0106
XCheezy – XPipa
KR(%) = X 100%
XCheezy
V cheezy
Q Pipa Q cheezy V pipa
Percobaan KR (%) (C x KR (%)
(m³/dt) m³/dt (m/dt)
(R.S)0,5)
I
(1-2) 0.001525 0.001531 0.004219 0.635 0.638 0.00487
(2-3) 0.001525 0.001534 0.005997 0.635 0.639 0.00664
(3-4) 0.001525 0.001562 0.023562 0.635 0.650 0.02420
(4-5) 0.001525 0.002100 0.016667 1.098 1.1001 0.1
(5-6) 0.001525 0.001546 0.013583 1.098 1.103 0.00551
(6-7) 0.001525 0.001546 0.019102 1.098 1.110 0.00574
II
(1-2) 0.001525 0.001532 0.005172 0.635 0.638 0.00551
(2-3) 0.001525 0.001533 0.005406 0.635 0.638 0.00574
(3-4) 0.001525 0.001529 0.002877 0.635 0.637 0.00112
(4-5) 0.001525 0.002100 0.016667 1.098 1.1003 0.2
(5-6) 0.001525 0.001544 0.012346 1.098 1.102 0.00413
(6-7) 0.001525 0.001554 0.019102 1.098 1.110 0.01094
III
(1-2) 0.001525 0.001531 0.004534 0.635 0.638 0.00487
(2-3) 0.001525 0.001534 0.006311 0.635 0.639 0.00664
(3-4) 0.001525 0.001534 0.013717 0.635 0.639 0.00668
(4-5) 0.001525 0.002100 0.016667 1.098 1.1002 0.1
(5-6) 0.001525 0.001548 0.015331 1.098 1.105 0.00714
(6-7) 0.001525 0.001500 0.016345 1.098 1.110 0.01094
12υ
δ=
( g. S . R )0,5
Dengan :
δ = Tebal lapisan Prandtl (m)
υ = Kekentalan kinematis (m2/detik)
S = Kemiringan garis energi
R = Jari-jari hidrolik (m)
g = Percepatan gravitasi (m2/detik)
Harga k ditentukan berdasarkan rumus Calebrock :
K =R [( 12 / 10c/18 ) – ( C / Re )]
Dengan :
K = Koefisien Calebrock
C = Koefisien Cheezy (m1/2/detik)
Re = Bilangan Reynold (tak berdimensi)
R = Jari-jari hidrolik (m)
Tabel 5.1.10
Perhitungan Kriteria Saluran. Debit I (0.0001525 m3/detik)
S Ʋ Δ
Percobaan R (A/P) Re C K δ/K
(Hf/L) (m²/dt) (m)
I
(1-2) 0.0133 0.0139 0.000000897 0.00025 38935.34 47.0181 0.00039 0.641
(2-3) 0.0069 0.0139 0.000000897 0.00035 38935.34 65.4868 0.00015 2.3333
(3-4) 0.0009 0.0139 0.000000897 0.00097 38935.34 184.7207 0.00066 1.47
(4-5) 0.3323 0.0123 0.000000897 0.00054 59979.93 17.209 0.00035 0.5428
(5-6) 0.0305 0.0106 0.000000897 0.00019 51411.37 61.4254 0.00037 0.5135
(6-7) 0.0040 0.0106 0.000000897 0.00053 51411.37 170.4895 0.00035 1.5143
II
(1-2) 0.0097 0.0139 0.000000897 0.0003 38935.34 54.9405 0.00013 2.3077
(2-3) 0.0103 0.0139 0.000000897 0.00029 38935.34 53.4211 0.00016 1.8125
(3-4) 0.0036 0.0139 0.000000897 0.00049 38935.34 90.4157 0.00031 1.5806
(4-5) 0.3452 0.0123 0.000000897 0.00053 59979.93 16.8871 0.00035 1.5143
(5-6) 0.0319 0.0106 0.000000897 0.00019 51411.37 60 0.00047 0.4043
(6-7) 0.0027 0.0106 0.000000897 0.00064 51411.37 208.8061 0.00043 1.4884
III
(1-2) 0.0080 0.0139 0.000000897 0.00033 38935.34 60.7001 0.00049 0.6735
(2-3) 0.0069 0.0139 0.000000897 0.00035 38935.34 65.4868 0.00015 2.3333
(3-4) 0.0054 0.0139 0.000000897 0.0004 38935.34 74.0818 0.00014 2.8571
(4-5) 0.3387 0.0123 0.000000897 0.00053 59979.93 17.04579 0.00035 1.5143
(5-6) 0.0263 0.0106 0.000000897 0.00021 51411.37 66.2145 0.00013 1.6154
(6-7) 0.0027 0.0106 0.000000897 0.00064 51411.37 208.8061 0.00043 1.4885
Keterangan Tabel :
1. Data percobaan 5. δ = Tebal lapisan Prandtl (m)
2. S = Kemiringan garis energi 6. C = Koefisien Cheezy (m1/2/detik)
3. R = Jari-jari Hidrolik = A/P 7. K = Koefisien Calebrock
4. υ = Kekentalan kinematis (m2/detik) 8. Re = Bilangan Reynold
Tabel 5.1.11
Jenis Saluran Debit I (0.001525m3/detik)