LAPORAN PRAKTIKUM FENOMENA DASAR MESIN

TURBIN REAKSI ALIRAN CROSSFLOW SUDU LENGKUNG

BERJUMLAH 8 DENGAN VARIASI KAPASITAS

Disusun :
Rizqullah Ilham Fauzy (16050754030)

Dosen Pembimbing :
1. Priyo Heru Adiwibowo, S.T., M.T.
2. Dr. Warju, S.pd., S.T., M.T.

UNIVERSITAS NEGERI SURABAYA

FAKULTAS TEKNIK
JURUSAN TEKNIK MESIN
PROGRAM STUDI S1 TEKNIK MESIN
KONSENTRASI KONVERSI ENERGI
2019

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 KATA PENGANTAR
Dengan menyebut nama Allah SWT yang Maha Pengasih lagi Maha Penyayang,
saya panjatkan puja dan puji syukur atas kehadirat-Nya, yang telah melimpahkan
rahmat, hidayah dan inayah-Nya kepada saya, sehingga saya dapat menyelesaikan
makalah tentang laporan Praktikum Fenomena Dasar Mesin tentang turbin air aliran
crossflow berpenampang lengkung dengan variasi kapasitas.
Terlepas dari semua itu, saya menyadari sepenuhnya bahwa masih ada kekurangan
baik dari segi susunan kalimat maupun tata bahasannya. Oleh Karena itu dengan tangan
terbuka saya menerima segala saran dan kritik dari pembaca agar kami dapat
memperbaiki makalah ini.

Surabaya, 05 November 2019

Penulis

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 DAFTAR ISI

Halaman
HALAMAN JUDUL................................................................................................ i
KATA PENGANTAR ............................................................................................ ii
DAFTAR ISI .......................................................................................................... iii
DAFTAR GAMBAR .............................................................................................. v
DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................. vii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ....................................................................................... 1
A.Tujuan Praktikum .................................................................................... 1
B.Waktu Dan Tempat Pelaksanaan ............................................................. 1
C.Peralatan Dan Instrumentasi Penelitian ................................................... 1
Peralatan Praktikum ............................................................................. 1
Instrumen Praktikum ........................................................................... 4
BAB II KAJIAN PUSTAKA .................................................................................. 7
A. Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Mikrohidro (PLTMH) ................................ 7
B.Turbin Air ................................................................................................ 9
C.Komponen-Komponen Turbin ................................................................ 9
Stator.................................................................................................... 9
Rotor .................................................................................................. 10
D.Jenis-Jenis Turbin .................................................................................. 12
Turbin Impuls .................................................................................... 12
Turbin Reaksi .................................................................................... 12
E.Cara Kerja Turbin Crossflow ................................................................. 15
F.Keunggulan Turbin Crossflow ............................................................... 15
G.Rumus Pada Perhitungan Turbin ........................................................... 16
Perhitungan Kapasitas Air ................................................................. 16
Daya Air yang Mengalir (Pa) ............................................................ 17
Torsi (T)............................................................................................. 18
Kecepatan Anguler (ω ) ..................................................................... 18
Daya Turbin (Pt ) ............................................................................... 19

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 Efisiensi Turbin (𝜂t) ........................................................................... 19

BAB III PROSEDUR OPERASIONAL STANDAR ........................................... 20

A.Standard Operational Procedure (SOP) ................................................. 20
Tahap Persiapan ................................................................................. 20
Tahap Percobaan................................................................................ 20
B.Langkah kerja ........................................................................................ 21
BAB IV ANALISA DAN PEMBAHASAN ........................................................ 27
A.Analisa Data .......................................................................................... 27
B.Pembahasan ........................................................................................... 36
BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ................................................................ 40
A.Kesimpulan ............................................................................................ 40
B.Saran ...................................................................................................... 40
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................... 41

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 DAFTAR GAMBAR

Halaman
Gambar 1.1 Pompa .................................................................................................. 2
Gambar 1.2 Turbin Crossflow ................................................................................. 2
Gambar 1.3 Bak penampungan air ......................................................................... 3
Gambar 1.4 Saluran Pengarah ............................................................................... 3
Gambar 1.5 Neraca Pegas ....................................................................................... 4
Gambar 1.6 Tachometer .......................................................................................... 4
Gambar 1.7 Skema kerja prony brake..................................................................... 5
Gambar 1.8 V-notch Weir ....................................................................................... 5
Gambar 1.9 Beban .................................................................................................. 6
Gambar 1.10 Meteran.............................................................................................. 6
Gambar 2.1 Tata Letak PLTMH ........................................................................... 10
Gambar 2.2 Turbin aliran tangensial ..................................................................... 11
Gambar 2.3 Turbin aliran aksial............................................................................ 12
Gambar 2.4 Turbin aliran aksial-radial ................................................................. 12
Gambar 2.5 Desain Turbin Crossflow .................................................................. 13
Gambar 3.1 Proses penambahan air ...................................................................... 21
Gambar 3.2 Proses pemasangan V-notch Weir..................................................... 21
Gambar 3.3 Proses pengukuran V-notch Weir ..................................................... 22
Gambar 3.4 Proses pengaturan bukaan pipa ......................................................... 22
Gambar 3.5 Proses pengamatan ketinggian air pada V-notch .............................. 23
Gambar 3.6 Proses pemasangan inlet basin .......................................................... 23
Gambar 3.7 Pengukuran dengan waterpass pada inlet basin ................................ 24

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Gambar 3.8 Proses pemasangan turbin ................................................................. 24
Gambar 3.9 Pengukuran ketinggian air pada basin ............................................... 25
Gambar 3.10 Proses pengukuran RPM ................................................................. 25
Gambar 3.11 Poros turbin dihubungkan dengan sistem pony brake ..................... 26
Gambar 3.12 Penambahan beban hingga turbin berhenti berputar ....................... 26
Gambar 4.1 Ketinggian air pada V-Nocth Weir .................................................... 27
Gambar 4.2 Ploting Coefficient of Discharge ....................................................... 28
Gambar 4.3 Pembacaan beban pada neraca .......................................................... 30
Gambar 4.4. Pembacaan data RPM....................................................................... 31
Gambar 4.5 Grafik Daya Turbin terhadap Beban ................................................. 36
Gambar 4.6 Grafik efisiensi turbin terhadap Beban.............................................. 38
Gambar 4.7 Grafik daya turbin terhadap Beban ................................................... 39

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 DAFTAR TABEL

Halaman
Tabel 4.1 Hasil variasi kapasitas air ...................................................................... 28
Tabel 4.2 Data hasil praktikum dengan kapasitas sudut 130°............................... 32
Tabel 4.3 Data hasil praktikum dengan kapasitas sudut 140°............................... 33
Tabel 4.4 Data hasil praktikum dengan kapasitas sudut 150°............................... 33
Tabel 4.5 Data hasil praktikum dengan kapasitas sudut 160°............................... 34
Tabel 4.6 Data hasil praktikum dengan kapasitas sudut 170°............................... 34
Tabel 4.7 Data hasil praktikum dengan kapasitas sudut 170°............................... 35
Tabel 4.8 Data hasil praktikum dengan kapasitas sudut 170°............................... 35

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